Epidemiology, Clinical Significance, and Diagnosis of Respiratory Viruses and Their Co-Infections in the Post-COVID Era

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 262 - 262

Published: March 7, 2025

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel human coronavirus, emerged in late 2019 and rapidly evolved into pandemic around the world. The disease (COVID-19) has dramatically changed epidemiology seasonality of other traditional viruses, e.g., influenza, syncytial virus, enterovirus, etc. These viruses have transmission mode clinical symptoms similar to SARS-CoV-2 but may differ outcomes management. Co-infection between one or more been reported literature shown mixed evidence outcomes. With evolving mild Omicron variants, it is believed that co-circulates with which turn affect course viral infections. In response these changes, multiplex molecular tests for are attracting attention field developed variety testing modalities. this review, we describe (i.e., Northern Hemisphere), epidemiology, significance their co-infection post-COVID era. Furthermore, review commonly used applications detection co-infections. Altogether, not only sheds light on infections co-infections era, also provides insights laboratory-based diagnoses using testing.

Language: Английский

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Resurgence of seasonal influenza driven by A/H3N2 and B/Victoria in succession during the 2023–2024 season in Beijing showing increased population susceptibility

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(6)

Published: June 1, 2024

Abstract During the COVID‐19 pandemic, non‐pharmaceutical interventions were introduced to reduce exposure respiratory viruses. However, these measures may have led an “immunity debt” that could make population more vulnerable. The goal of this study was examine transmission dynamics seasonal influenza in years 2023–2024. Respiratory samples from patients with influenza‐like illness collected and tested for A B electronic medical records index cases October 2023 March 2024 analyzed determine their clinical epidemiological characteristics. total 48984 positive detected, a pooled prevalence 46.9% (95% CI 46.3–47.5). This season saw bimodal peaks activity, peaked week 48, 2023, 1, 2024. rates 28.6% 55.4–59.6) 18.3% 18.0–18.7) viruses, respectively. median values instantaneous reproduction number 5.5 (IQR 3.0–6.7) 4.6 2.4–5.5), hospitalization rate virus (2.2%, 95% 2.0–2.5) significantly higher than (1.1%, 0.9–1.4). Among 17 symptoms studied, odds ratios 15 below 1 when comparing inpatients, headache, weakness, myalgia showing significant differences. provides overview symptoms, highlighting importance individuals receive annual vaccine.

Language: Английский

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Towards broad-spectrum protection: the development and challenges of combined respiratory virus vaccines

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: June 5, 2024

In the post-COVID-19 era, co-circulation of respiratory viruses, including influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and syncytial virus (RSV), continues to have significant health impacts presents ongoing public challenges. Vaccination remains most effective measure for preventing viral infections. To address concurrent circulation these extensive efforts been dedicated development combined vaccines. These vaccines utilize a range platforms, mRNA-based vaccines, vector subunit providing opportunities in addressing multiple pathogens at once. This review delves into major advancements field vaccine research, underscoring strategic use various platforms tackle simultaneous viruses effectively.

Language: Английский

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Viral Infections in Elderly Individuals: A Comprehensive Overview of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Susceptibility, Pathogenesis, and Clinical Treatment Strategies

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 431 - 431

Published: April 21, 2025

As age increases, the immune function of elderly individuals gradually decreases, increasing their susceptibility to infectious diseases. Therefore, further research on common viral infections in population, especially severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza viruses, is crucial for scientific progress. This review delves into genetic structure, infection mechanisms, impact coinfections with these two viruses provides a detailed analysis reasons increased dual infections. We evaluated clinical manifestations following coinfections, including complications respiratory, gastrointestinal, nervous, cardiovascular systems. Ultimately, we have summarized current strategies prevention, diagnosis, treatment SARS-CoV-2 older adults. Through studies, aim reduce risk provide basis age-related diseases, thereby improving health status.

Language: Английский

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What’s new in the management of pulmonary complications in allogeneic stem cell transplantation?

Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 29, 2025

As survival increases after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT), several organ complications have emerged, including those involving the lung, which require a multidisciplinary management approach. The constant evolution of allo-HCT procedures, advances in diagnostic tools for infections and pulmonary disease, as well new treatment approaches, frequent updating knowledge this field. We review multiple infectious noninfectious lung that occur both early late allo-HCT. This includes an updated description these complications, risk factors, approach outcome. A literature search was performed using PubMed-indexed journals. diagnosis remains challenging, further complicated by association co-infections and/or links between infection complications. development metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) should enhance yield bronchoalveolar lavage but its clinical relevance to be evaluated. better understanding pathophysiology chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) improved phenotyping are essential advancing therapeutic management. requires revision criteria identification biomarkers disease.

Language: Английский

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Prediction of ILI following the COVID-19 pandemic in China by using a partial differential equation

Chinese Physics B, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 33(11), P. 110201 - 110201

Published: Aug. 15, 2024

Abstract The COVID-19 outbreak has significantly disrupted the lives of individuals worldwide. Following lifting interventions, there is a heightened risk future outbreaks from other circulating respiratory infections, such as influenza-like illness (ILI). Accurate prediction models for ILI cases are crucial in enabling governments to implement necessary measures and persuade adopt personal precautions against disease. This paper aims provide forecasting model with actual cases. We propose specific utilizing partial differential equation (PDE) that will be developed validated using real-world data obtained Chinese National Influenza Center. Our combines effects transboundary spread among regions China mainland human activities’ impact on transmission dynamics. simulated results demonstrate our achieves excellent predictive performance. Additionally, relevant factors influencing dissemination further examined analysis. Furthermore, we investigate effectiveness travel restrictions Results can used utilize mitigate

Language: Английский

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