Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
9
Published: March 3, 2022
Circulating
apolipoprotein
B-containing
lipoproteins,
notably
the
low-density
enter
inner
layer
of
arterial
wall,
intima,
where
a
fraction
them
is
retained
and
modified
by
proteases,
lipases,
oxidizing
agents
enzymes.
The
lipoproteins
various
modification
products,
such
as
fatty
acids,
ceramides,
lysophospholipids,
oxidized
lipids
induce
inflammatory
reactions
in
macrophages
covering
endothelial
cells,
initiating
an
increased
leukocyte
diapedesis.
Lipolysis
also
induces
formation
cholesterol
crystals
with
strong
proinflammatory
properties.
Modified
aggregated
crystals,
isolated
from
human
atherosclerotic
lesions,
all
can
activate
thereby
secretion
cytokines,
chemokines,
extent
lipoprotein
retention,
modification,
aggregation
have
been
shown
to
depend
largely
on
differences
composition
circulating
particles.
These
properties
be
pharmacological
means,
provide
opportunities
for
clinical
interventions
regarding
prevention
treatment
vascular
diseases.
Biomedicines,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(11), P. 2897 - 2897
Published: Oct. 26, 2023
Oxidative
stress
is
the
consequence
of
an
overproduction
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
that
exceeds
antioxidant
defense
mechanisms.
Increased
levels
ROS
contribute
to
development
cardiovascular
disorders
through
oxidative
damage
macromolecules,
particularly
by
oxidation
plasma
lipoproteins.
One
most
prominent
features
atherogenic
dyslipidemia
accumulation
small
dense
LDL
(sdLDL)
particles,
characterized
increased
susceptibility
oxidation.
Indeed,
a
considerable
and
diverse
body
evidence
from
animal
models
epidemiological
studies
was
generated
supporting
modification
sdLDL
particles
as
earliest
event
in
atherogenesis.
Lipid
peroxidation
results
formation
various
bioactive
atherosclerotic
process
different
pathophysiological
mechanisms,
including
foam
cell
formation,
direct
detrimental
effects,
receptor-mediated
activation
pro-inflammatory
signaling
pathways.
In
this
paper,
we
will
discuss
recent
data
on
role
their
interplay
atherosclerosis.
addition,
special
focus
be
placed
clinical
applicability
novel,
promising
biomarkers
these
processes.
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: May 31, 2024
The
global
prevalence
of
cardiovascular
diseases
(CVD)
continues
to
rise
steadily,
making
it
a
leading
cause
mortality
worldwide.
Atherosclerosis
(AS)
serves
as
primary
driver
these
conditions,
commencing
silently
at
an
early
age
and
culminating
in
adverse
events
that
severely
impact
patients’
quality
life
or
lead
fatality.
Dyslipidemia,
particularly
elevated
levels
low-density
lipoprotein
cholesterol
(LDL-C),
plays
pivotal
role
AS
pathogenesis
independent
risk
factor.
Research
indicates
abnormal
LDL-C
accumulation
within
arterial
walls
acts
crucial
trigger
for
atherosclerotic
plaque
formation.
As
the
disease
progresses,
may
rupture
dislodge,
resulting
thrombus
formation
complete
blood
supply
obstruction,
ultimately
causing
myocardial
infarction,
cerebral
other
common
events.
Despite
adequate
pharmacologic
therapy
targeting
reduction,
patients
with
cardiometabolic
abnormalities
remain
high
recurrence,
highlighting
importance
addressing
lipid
factors
beyond
LDL-C.
Recent
attention
has
focused
on
causal
relationship
between
triglycerides,
triglyceride-rich
lipoproteins
(TRLs),
their
remnants
risk.
Genetic,
epidemiologic,
clinical
studies
suggest
TRLs
increased
AS,
this
dyslipidemia
be
factor
Particularly
obesity,
metabolic
syndrome,
diabetes,
chronic
kidney
disease,
disordered
its
significantly
increase
atherosclerosis
development.
Accumulation
over-synthesized
plasma,
impaired
function
enzymes
involved
lipolysis,
hepatic
clearance
cholesterol-rich
can
deposition
remnants,
promoting
foam
cell
wall
inflammation.
Therefore,
understanding
TRLs-induced
therapeutically
could
slow
impede
progression,
thereby
reducing
morbidity
mortality,
coronary
heart
disease.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
116(3), P. 699 - 729
Published: June 6, 2022
Endothelial
dysfunction
is
a
predictive
risk
factor
for
the
development
of
atherosclerosis
and
assessed
by
flow-mediated
dilation
(FMD).
Although
it
known
that
NO-dependent
endothelial
occurs
after
consuming
high-fat
meal,
magnitude
effect
factors
affect
response
are
unquantified.
Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
43(4), P. 562 - 580
Published: Feb. 9, 2023
Postprandial
dyslipidemia
is
a
causative
risk
factor
for
cardiovascular
disease.
The
majority
of
absorbed
dietary
lipids
are
packaged
into
chylomicron
and
then
delivered
to
circulation.
Previous
studies
showed
that
Surf4
(surfeit
locus
protein
4)
mediates
very
low-density
lipoprotein
secretion
from
hepatocytes.
Silencing
hepatic
markedly
reduces
the
development
atherosclerosis
in
different
mouse
models
without
causing
steatosis.
However,
role
unknown.We
developed
inducible
intestinal-specific
knockdown
mice
(Surf4IKO)
using
Vil1Cre-ERT2
Surf4flox
mice.
Metabolic
cages
were
used
monitor
metabolism.
Enzymatic
kits
employed
measure
serum
tissue
lipid
levels.
expression
target
genes
was
detected
by
qRT-PCR
Western
Blot.
Transmission
electron
microscopy
radiolabeled
oleic
acid
assess
structure
enterocytes
intestinal
absorption
secretion,
respectively.
Proteomics
performed
determine
changes
jejunum.Surf4IKO
mice,
especially
male
Surf4IKO
displayed
significant
body
weight
loss,
increased
mortality,
reduced
exhibited
accumulation
impaired
fat
secretion.
Lipid
droplets
small
vacuoles
accumulated
cytosol
endoplasmic
reticulum
lumen
colocalized
with
apoB
co-immunoprecipitated
apoB48
differentiated
Caco-2
cells.
Intestinal
deficiency
also
significantly
triglyceride,
cholesterol,
free
fatty
levels
data
revealed
diverse
pathways
altered
In
addition,
had
mild
liver
damage,
decreased
size
weight,
triglyceride
levels.Our
findings
demonstrate
plays
an
essential
suggest
therapeutic
use
inhibition
requires
highly
cell/tissue-specific
targeting.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(7), P. 1159 - 1159
Published: March 27, 2025
Background/Objective:
Postprandial
vascular
responses
impact
health.
This
study
investigated
whether
eating
pulses
or
whole
grains
can
acutely
relax
blood
vessels
in
people
with
arterial
stiffness.
Methods:
A
single-blinded,
controlled
randomized
cross-over
clinical
trial
was
conducted
to
compare
the
effects
of
(¾
cup
black
beans)
versus
wheat
kernels,
also
known
as
berries)
white
rice
cup)
on
postprandial
males
and
females
established
stiffness
(n
=
9,
3M/6F,
50-64
years
old).
Peripheral
central
hemodynamic
measurements
were
obtained
non-invasively
prior
2
h
after
food
consumption
compared
by
t-test
within
a
type.
Results:
systolic
pressure
increased
(4%)
but
not
beans.
marked
decline
augmentation
index
at
75
bpm
(arterial
stiffness)
from
26.1
±
3.6%
16.2
2.0%
observed
beans
rice.
All
foods
slightly
decreased
heart
rate
had
limited
other
parameters
circulatory
Conclusions:
Eating
improved
overall
health
when
The
distinct,
having
major
positive
effect
vessel
findings
suggest
that
regular
inclusion
both
diet
would
be
beneficial
for
improving
cardiovascular
persons
exhibiting
signs
dysfunction,
thus
providing
potential
therapeutic
benefit
individuals
who
are
risk
attack
stroke.
registered
(NCT05818358)
ClinicalTrials.gov.
Biomolecules,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(5), P. 612 - 612
Published: April 23, 2025
Cardiometabolic
risk
and
associated
dysfunctions
contribute
largely
to
the
recent
rise
in
mortality
globally.
Advancements
multi-omics
years
promise
a
better
understanding
of
potential
biomarkers
that
enable
an
early
diagnosis
cardiometabolic
dysfunction.
However,
molecular
mechanisms
driving
onset
progression
disorders
remain
poorly
understood.
Adipokines
are
adipocyte-specific
cytokines
central
deleterious
alterations.
They
exhibit
both
pro-inflammatory
anti-inflammatory
effects,
complicating
their
association
with
disturbances.
Thus,
adipokines
from
signaling
perspective
assumes
great
importance.
This
review
presents
comprehensive
outline
most
prominent
exhibiting
and/or
functions
The
also
insight
into
pathophysiological
implications
such
different
dysfunction
conditions,
status
adipokine
druggability,
future
studies
can
be
undertaken
address
existing
scientific
gap.
A
clear
functional
mechanistic
role
potentially
improve
our
cardiovascular
disease
pathophysiology
enhance
current
therapeutic
regimen
come.
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
9
Published: Nov. 9, 2022
The
formation
of
an
atheroma
begins
when
lipoproteins
become
trapped
in
the
intima.
Entrapped
oxidized
and
activate
innate
immune
system.
This
immunity
represents
primary
association
between
lipids
inflammation.
When
trapping
continues,
link
inflammation
becomes
chronic
detrimental,
resulting
atherosclerosis.
entrapment
ceases,
is
temporary
healthy,
atherogenic
process
halts.
Therefore,
depends
upon
lipoprotein
retention
due
to
electrostatic
forces
uniting
apolipoprotein
B
polysaccharide
chains
on
intimal
proteoglycans.
genetic
transformation
contractile
smooth
muscle
cells
media
into
migratory
secretory
produces
protein,
platelet-derived
growth
factor
produced
by
activated
platelets,
stimulus
for
this
change.
Oxidative
stress
main
platelets.
minimizing
oxidative
would
significantly
reduce
lipoproteins.
Less
decreases
More
importantly,
it
halt
atherogenesis.
review
will
analyze
as
critical
lipids,
inflammation,
pathogenesis
Through
perspective,
we
discuss
stopping
disrupt
a
harmful
Numerous
therapeutic
options
be
discussed
mitigate
stress.
paper
add
new
meaning
Morse
code
distress
signal
SOS-stopping
