Plant-Based Nutrition: Exploring Health Benefits for Atherosclerosis, Chronic Diseases, and Metabolic Syndrome—A Comprehensive Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(14), P. 3244 - 3244

Published: July 21, 2023

Atherosclerosis, chronic non-communicable diseases, and metabolic syndrome are highly interconnected collectively contribute to global health concerns that reduce life expectancy quality of life. These conditions arise from multiple risk factors, including inflammation, insulin resistance, impaired blood lipid profile, endothelial dysfunction, increased cardiovascular risk. Adopting a plant-based diet has gained popularity as viable alternative promote mitigate the incidence of, factors associated with, these three conditions. Understanding potential benefits for human is crucial, particularly in face rising prevalence diseases like diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, cancer. Thus, this review focused on plausible advantages consuming type food pattern prevention and/or treatment emphasizing dietary aspects evidence supporting health. To facilitate more in-depth analysis, we present separate each concepts, acknowledging their intrinsic connection while providing specific focus one. This underscores target underlying causes enhance outcomes individuals populations.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress, Atherogenic Dyslipidemia, and Cardiovascular Risk

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(11), P. 2897 - 2897

Published: Oct. 26, 2023

Oxidative stress is the consequence of an overproduction reactive oxygen species (ROS) that exceeds antioxidant defense mechanisms. Increased levels ROS contribute to development cardiovascular disorders through oxidative damage macromolecules, particularly by oxidation plasma lipoproteins. One most prominent features atherogenic dyslipidemia accumulation small dense LDL (sdLDL) particles, characterized increased susceptibility oxidation. Indeed, a considerable and diverse body evidence from animal models epidemiological studies was generated supporting modification sdLDL particles as earliest event in atherogenesis. Lipid peroxidation results formation various bioactive atherosclerotic process different pathophysiological mechanisms, including foam cell formation, direct detrimental effects, receptor-mediated activation pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. In this paper, we will discuss recent data on role their interplay atherosclerosis. addition, special focus be placed clinical applicability novel, promising biomarkers these processes.

Language: Английский

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Cholesterol Remnants, Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Risk

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(5), P. 4268 - 4268

Published: Feb. 21, 2023

Randomized clinical trials with statins and other lipid-lowering drugs have shown the presence of a “residual cardiovascular risk” in those treated to “target” for LDL-cholesterol. This risk is mainly associated lipid components than LDL particular remnant cholesterol (RC) lipoproteins rich triglycerides fasting non-fasting conditions. During fasting, RCs correspond content VLDL their partially depleted triglyceride containing apoB-100. Conversely, conditions, include also present chylomicrons apoB-48. Therefore, refer total plasma minus HDL-cholesterol LDL-cholesterol, that is, all VLDL, remnants. A large body experimental data suggests major role development atherosclerosis. In fact, easily pass arterial wall bind connective matrix stimulating progression smooth muscle cells proliferation resident macrophages. are causal factor events. Fasting equivalent predicting vascular Further studies on effect RC levels evaluate efficacy reduction events needed.

Language: Английский

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Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Frailty and Metabolic Syndromes—Two Sides of the Same Coin

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 475 - 475

Published: March 26, 2023

In developed countries, aging is often seen as typical, but it made complicated by many disorders and co-morbidities. Insulin resistance seems to be an underlying pathomechanism in frailty metabolic syndromes. The decline insulin sensitivity leads changes the oxidant–antioxidant balance accelerated inflammatory response, especially adipocytes macrophages adipose tissue, well muscle mass density. Thus, pathophysiology of syndemic disorders—the syndrome syndrome—an extremely important role may played increased oxidative stress pro-inflammatory state. Papers included this review explored available full texts reference lists relevant studies from last 20 years, before end 2022; we also investigated PubMed Google Scholar electronic databases. online resources describing elderly population (≥65 years old) published were searched for following terms: “oxidative and/or inflammation”, “frailty syndrome”. Then, all analyzed narratively described context inflammation markers which underlie pathomechanisms syndromes patients. So far, different pathways discussed show that a similar pathogenesis underlies development acceleration inflammation. argue syndemia represents two sides same coin.

Language: Английский

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Dysfunctional High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Coronary Artery Disease: A Narrative Review

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 996 - 996

Published: Sept. 19, 2024

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is traditionally viewed as protective against cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, emerging evidence reveals that dysfunctional HDL, characterized by impaired reverse transport (RCT), reduced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities increased endothelial dysfunction, which can contribute to coronary artery (CAD). Dysfunctional resulting from oxidative modifications of Apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo A-1) enzyme inactivation, fails effectively remove peripheral tissues may promote inflammation atherosclerosis. Genetic mutations affecting HDL metabolism further complicate its role in health. Studies have shown conventional therapies aimed at raising HDL-C levels do not necessarily reduce events, highlighting the need for new approaches improve functionality. Therapeutic strategies such Apo mimetic peptides, reconstituted infusions, drugs targeting specific metabolic pathways are being explored. Additionally, weight loss, statin therapy, niacin potential enhancing function. The pathophysiology involves complex mechanisms, including stress, inflammation, genetic mutations, alter structure function, diminishing cardioprotective effects. New functional assays, efflux capacity (CEC) inflammatory index, provide more accurate predictions risk assessing quality rather than quantity. As research progresses, focus shifting towards therapeutic enhance function address root causes offering a effective approach reducing preventing CAD.

Language: Английский

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Combined and mediating effects of remnant cholesterol and renal function on hypertension risk in Chinese middle-aged and elderly people

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Background Emerging evidence indicates a potential correlation between remnant cholesterol (RC) and the development of vascular damage hypertension. Nevertheless, precise relationship RC hypertension in relation to renal function remains uncertain. The objective this investigation was employ cohort design evaluate intricate Methods present utilized data from China Health Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), encompassing total 5,109 participants, for comprehensive analysis examination. Cox regression employed examine interplay among RC, function, within context research study. This study restricted cubic spline (RCS) elucidate interaction hypertension, specifically examining mediating role RC-hypertension nexus. Furthermore, we mediation investigate association Results After 9-year follow-up period, incidence population under observed be 19.01%. Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated notable statistically significant elevation prevalence subgroup characterized by higher impaired (P <0.001). However, analyses, risk developing significantly ( P < 0.05) those with high estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), low eGFR, compared after adjusting confounders. RCS positive linear baseline Additionally, there negative eGFR levels did not interact any variables. lowering mediated 6% associations Conclusion findings unveiled substantial elevated diminished levels, In addition, may mediate risk.

Language: Английский

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Polysome Profiling Proves Impaired IL-10 and Caspase-8 Translation in PBMCs of Hemodialysis Patients

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 335 - 335

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Triggered by uremic intoxication, a surplus of inflammatory mediators is present in the serum hemodialysis (HD) patients. Anti-inflammatory counterbalancing mechanisms initiated interleukin-10 (IL-10) and caspase-8 (Casp-8) appear to be disturbed. Earlier observations let us suppose that translational rather than transcriptional are responsible for this effect. Therefore, we investigated polysome profiling isolated PBMCs study gene-specific mRNAs attached monosomes polysomes HD patients (n = 42), with lipid disorder normal renal function (LD, n 10) healthy control subjects (CO, 9). CRP (C-reactive protein) as marker inflammation was significantly elevated LD compared CO subjects. NGAL (neutrophil-associated lipocalin), potential kidney disease increased versus CO. patients, however, had higher proteosomal IL-10 Casp-8 activities. two high cardiovascular risk groups microinflammation. Lower activities may result weak anti-inflammatory response potentially associated immune defect.

Language: Английский

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Investigating the Potential Risk of Cadmium Exposure on Seizure Severity and Anxiety-Like Behaviors through the Ferroptosis Pathway in Epileptic Mice: An Integrated Multi-Omics Approach

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 480, P. 135814 - 135814

Published: Sept. 13, 2024

Language: Английский

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Association between residual cholesterol and sarcopenia in American adults

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Nov. 28, 2024

Remnant cholesterol (RC) is a novel lipid metabolism indicator; however, its relationship with sarcopenia has not been clearly established. This study was conducted to explore the association between RC and sarcopenia.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress Underpins Clinical, Social, and Genetic Risk Factors for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Clinical Medicine Insights Cardiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide and is poorly predicted with current risk estimation tools. The biological mechanisms relating ASCVD factors to oxidative stress (OS) how this accumulates are misunderstood.To develop a comprehensive conceptual model explaining expanded clinical, social, genetic accumulate through OS.OS (primarily from excess reactive oxygen species) inflammation present along entire pathophysiologic continuum. An list clinical social (including hypertension, obesity, diabetes, kidney disease, inflammatory diseases, substance use, poor nutrition, psychosocial stress, air pollution, race, ancestry) influence largely increased OS. Many exert positive feedback mechanism increase One factor, haptoglobin (Hp) genotype, associated higher in diabetes hypothesized do same those insulin resistance due Hp 2-2 genotype increasing OS.Understanding OS informs these relate each other compound risk. Individualized should include comprehensive, holistic perspective better address influences Preventing reducing key preventing development or progression.

Language: Английский

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