Apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in atherogenesis

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Language: Английский

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Nitrotyrosine, Nitrated Lipoproteins, and Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: What Do We Know and What Remains to Be Explained?

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(5), P. 856 - 856

Published: April 27, 2022

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a strong risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are most important cause morbidity and mortality in population patients living with DM. DM associated lipid metabolism disorders characterized by decrease high-density lipoprotein blood concentration, an increase triglyceride presence modified lipoproteins not routinely measured clinical practice. Nitrated produced nitration tyrosyl residues apolipoproteins myeloperoxidase. There some evidence from research conducted showing that nitrated may play role dysfunction, but this issue requires further investigation. It was found HDL particles caspase-3 paraoxonase-1 activity, as well activity cholesterol transport via ABCA1, reduces protective effect on system. Less information has been collected about LDL particles. Thus far, much more obtained relationship nitrotyrosine expression factors dysfunction. The purpose paper to provide extensive review literature present current state knowledge association between dysfunction system, especially Moreover, directions future area were discussed.

Language: Английский

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Atherosclerosis and Its Related Laboratory Biomarkers

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(21), P. 15546 - 15546

Published: Oct. 24, 2023

Atherosclerosis constitutes a persistent inflammatory ailment, serving as the predominant underlying condition for coronary artery disease (CAD), peripheral (PAD), and cerebrovascular disease. The progressive buildup of plaques within walls medium- large-caliber arteries characterizes atherosclerotic process. This accumulation results in significant narrowing that impedes blood flow, leading to critical tissue oxygen deficiency. Spontaneous blockage thrombotic vessels can precipitate stroke myocardial infarction, which are complications representing primary global causes mortality. Present-day models predicting cardiovascular risk incorporate conventional factors gauge likelihood events over ten-year span. In recent times, researchers have identified serum biomarkers associated with an elevated events. Many these biomarkers, whether used individually or combination, been integrated into prediction assess their inclusion enhances predictive accuracy. this review, we conducted comprehensive analysis most recently published literature concerning atherosclerosis. We explored potential utility incorporating markers guiding clinical decisions.

Language: Английский

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Use of Apolipoprotein B in the Era of Precision Medicine: Time for a Paradigm Change?

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(17), P. 5737 - 5737

Published: Sept. 3, 2023

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide and risk a major event is highest among those with established disease. Ongoing management these patients relies on accurate assessment their response to any prescribed therapy, residual risk, in order optimize treatment. Recent international guidelines position statements concur that plasma concentration apolipoprotein B (apoB) most measure lipoprotein associated ASCVD risk. This especially true for growing number individuals diabetes, obesity, or metabolic syndrome, statin therapy. Most guidelines, however, continue promote LDL-C as primary marker due uncertainty whether greater accuracy apoB sufficient warrant paradigm shift. Recommendations regarding measurement vary, information provided how interpret results sometimes insufficient, particularly non-lipid specialists. Misinformation reliability assays also frequently repeated despite its equivalent better standardization than many other diagnostic assays. Thus, demand testing relatively low, which means there little incentive increase availability reduce cost. In this review, we examine recent clinical outcomes studies meta-analyses relative values apoB, LDL-C, non-HDL-C markers Although seemingly minimal difference when only population-based metrics are considered, it evident from our analysis that, personalized precision medicine standpoint, would benefit, at negligible total cost, if were integrated into diagnosis treatment ASCVD.

Language: Английский

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Photodynamic Therapy for Atherosclerosis: Past, Present, and Future

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 729 - 729

Published: May 29, 2024

This review paper examines the evolution of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a novel, minimally invasive strategy for treating atherosclerosis, leading global health concern. Atherosclerosis is characterized by accumulation lipids and inflammation within arterial walls, to significant morbidity mortality through cardiovascular diseases such myocardial infarction stroke. Traditional therapeutic approaches have primarily focused on modulating risk factors hypertension hyperlipidemia, with emerging evidence highlighting pivotal role inflammation. PDT, leveraging photosensitizer, specific-wavelength light, oxygen, offers targeted treatment inducing cell death in diseased tissues while sparing healthy ones. specificity, combined advancements nanoparticle technology improved delivery, positions PDT promising alternative traditional interventions. The explores mechanistic basis its efficacy preclinical studies, potential enhancing plaque stability reducing macrophage density plaques. It also addresses need further research optimize parameters, mitigate adverse effects, validate long-term outcomes. By detailing past developments, current progress, future directions, this aims highlight PDT’s revolutionizing atherosclerosis treatment, bridging gap from experimental clinical application.

Language: Английский

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Emerging role of sphingolipids and extracellular vesicles in development and therapeutics of cardiovascular diseases

IJC Heart & Vasculature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53, P. 101469 - 101469

Published: July 23, 2024

Sphingolipids are eighteen carbon alcohol lipids synthesized from non-sphingolipid precursors in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The sphingolipids serve as for a vast range of moieties found our cells that play critical role various cellular processes, including cell division, senescence, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, nutrition intake, metabolism, and protein synthesis. In CVDs, different subclasses other derived molecules such sphingomyelin (SM), ceramides (CERs), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) directly related to diabetic cardiomyopathy, dilated myocarditis, ischemic heart disease (IHD), hypertension, atherogenesis. Several genome-wide association studies showed an between genetic variations sphingolipid pathway genes risk CVDs. plays important biogenesis secretion exosomes. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs)/ exosomes have recently been possible indicators onset linking signaling pathways contribute progression. Important features EVs like biocompatibility, crossing biological barriers can improve pharmacokinetics drugs will be exploited develop next-generation drug delivery systems. this review, we comprehensively discussed sphingolipids, metabolites development addition, concise deliberations were laid discuss sEVs/exosomes regulating pathophysiological processes CVDs therapeutic targets.

Language: Английский

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ApoB-100: The guardian of LDL stability

Atherosclerosis, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 119096 - 119096

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Oxidised low-density lipoprotein and adverse outcome in patients with acute mild ischaemic stroke or high-risk TIA: a secondary analysis of the INSPIRES randomised clinical trial

Stroke and Vascular Neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. svn - 003664

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Background Research data regarding the correlation between elevated oxidised low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) cholesterol concentrations and unfavourable clinical outcomes in individuals experiencing minor acute ischaemic cerebrovascular events or transient attack (TIA) with presumed atherosclerotic aetiology are still limited. Methods This investigation incorporated a cohort of 5814 participants derived from Intensive Statin Antiplatelet Therapy for Acute High-Risk Intracranial Extracranial Atherosclerosis trial. The core laboratory conducted blinded measurements baseline plasma oxLDL concentrations. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were employed to assess correlations levels adverse events. principal endpoint efficacy assessment was defined as occurrence stroke within 90-day follow-up period. Additional secondary endpoints encompassed composite vascular during same observation window. main safety assessed bleeding moderate severe intensity. Results final analytical comprised patients included analysis. mean age 63.7±9.6 years, 36.0% female. average concentration circulating 36.62 µg/dL. Elevated demonstrated potential heightened risk (T3 vs T1: HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.04 1.85), 1.31, 0.98 1.76) 1.36, 1.02 1.81) 90 days. An increased significant association susceptibility haemorrhagic 3.61, 1.26 10.34) Conclusion Increased an independent both recurrence moderate-to-severe presenting TIA at risk, accompanied by intracranial extracranial lesions.

Language: Английский

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Short-Term Supplementation with 100% Bilberry Products and Its Effects on Body Composition and Lipid Profile in Overweight/Obese Women

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 218 - 218

Published: March 24, 2025

Introduction: Overweight and obesity are major public health concerns, often leading to increased cardiovascular risk. Methods: This eight-week interventional study examined whether regular consumption of two natural bilberry products could improve body composition lipid profiles in overweight/obese women. A total 30 participants (aged 50–60 years) were assigned consume either 125 mL/day 100% juice or 10 g/day fibre, while maintaining their habitual diets lifestyles. Results: Although no significant changes found anthropometric parameters blood pressure group, both interventions reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) high-density (HDL-C). Surprisingly, (TC) levels rose the group (from 6.41 ± 1.23 mmol/L 6.94 1.30 (p < 0.001)), fibre 6.06 1.39 6.43 1.05 = 0.046)), likely due elevated HDL-C 0.001) overshadowing drop LDL-C 0.05). Triglyceride (TG) did not change significantly still within reference range. Conclusions: Notably, experienced a reduction atherogenic small dense LDL (sdLDL) subfractions, suggesting favourable shift risk factors. These findings highlight potential bilberry-based as supportive strategy for improving

Language: Английский

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How Does HDL Participate in Atherogenesis? Antioxidant Activity Versus Role in Reverse Cholesterol Transport

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 430 - 430

Published: April 2, 2025

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) chemically modified by reactive oxygen species (ROS), for example, leaking from red blood cells in the vascular compartment, more readily crosses endothelium than does nonoxidatively LDL to enter tissue fluid. Oxidatively (oxLDL) may also be created fluid ROS design, inflammatory white cells, or simply other as a consequence of metabolism. As well oxLDL, glycatively (glycLDL) is formed circulation. High-density (HDL) appears capable decreasing burden lipid peroxides on exposed glucose and its metabolites. The mechanism this that has received most attention antioxidant activity HDL, which due large part presence paraoxonase 1 (PON1). PON1 intimately associated with apolipoprotein A1 component HDL’s domains into cell membranes can transferred. It frequently overlooked hydrolyze substrates, it essential remain virtue hydrophobic amino acid sequences within micellar environment, during isolation serum genetically culture. Otherwise, retain capacity water-soluble such phenyl acetate, whilst failing lipid-soluble molecules. OxLDL probably glycLDL, once they have crossed arterial receptor-mediated transcytosis, are rapidly taken up monocytes process involves scavenger receptors, leading subendothelial foam formation. These precursors atheroma, inducing cross lesion proliferation migration myocytes present wall developing lesion, where transform fibroblasts. atheroma progresses central extracellular lake cholesteryl ester following necrosis apoptosis an overlying fibrous cap continuing grow concentrically around involving oxLDL glycLDL. Within wall, additional generated secreted leakage generally when couplet reduced. important HDL opposes atherogenesis, provide better avenue inquiry identification vulnerable individuals provision new therapies emerged emphasis placed role RCT.

Language: Английский

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