Endothelial Function Assessment by Flow-Mediated Dilation Method: A Valuable Tool in the Evaluation of the Cardiovascular System

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(18), P. 11242 - 11242

Published: Sept. 7, 2022

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in the course of atherosclerosis are one most critical public health problems world. Endothelial cells synthesize numerous biologically active substances involved regulating functions cardiovascular system. dysfunction is an essential element pathogenesis atherosclerosis. Thus, assessment endothelial function people without overt CVD allows for a more accurate estimate risk developing and events. The primarily used scientific research, to lesser extent clinical practice. Among tools assessing function, we can distinguish biochemical physical methods, while methods be divided into invasive non-invasive methods. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) based on ultrasound changes diameter brachial artery as result increased blood flow. FMD non-invasive, safe, repeatable test, but it must performed by qualified experienced medical staff. purpose this paper present literature review results using method, including its methodology, applications practice limitations, future perspectives.

Language: Английский

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Lipids in Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology and the Role of Calculated Lipid Indices in Assessing Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Hyperlipidemia

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(1), P. 75 - 75

Published: Dec. 21, 2022

The role of lipids is essential in any phase the atherosclerotic process, which considered a chronic lipid-related and inflammatory condition. traditional lipid profile (including evaluation total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein) well-established tool to assess risk atherosclerosis as such has been widely used pillar cardiovascular disease prevention target pharmacological treatments clinical practice over last decades. However, other non-traditional have emerged possible alternative predictors cardiometabolic addition single or panel lipids, they better reflect overall interaction between lipid/lipoprotein fractions. Therefore, this review deals with involvement characterizing pathophysiology atherosclerosis, discussing some recently proposed indices and, light available knowledge, their actual potential new additive tools stratify patients hyperlipidemia well therapeutic targets practice.

Language: Английский

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Arterial Stiffness Assessment by Pulse Wave Velocity in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components: Is It a Useful Tool in Clinical Practice?

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(16), P. 10368 - 10368

Published: Aug. 19, 2022

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is not a single disease but cluster of metabolic disorders associated with increased risk for development diabetes mellitus and its complications. Currently, the definition MS published in 2009 widely used, there are more versions diagnostic criteria, making it difficult to conduct scientific discourse this area. Increased arterial stiffness (AS) can predict cardiovascular both general population patients MS. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), as standard method assess AS, may point out subclinical organ damage hypertension. The decrease PWV level during antihypertensive therapy identify group better outcomes independently their reduction blood pressure. adverse effect disturbances on function be offset by an adequate program exercises, which includes mainly aerobic physical training. Non-insulin-based insulin resistance index AS due strong positive correlation PWV. purpose paper present results review literature concerning relationship between components, assessed PWV, including clinical usefulness measurement components.

Language: Английский

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Temporal relationship between atherogenic dyslipidemia and inflammation and their joint cumulative effect on type 2 diabetes onset: a longitudinal cohort study

BMC Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Jan. 24, 2023

Abstract Background Concurrent atherogenic dyslipidemia and elevated inflammation are commonly observed in overt hyperglycemia have long been proposed to contribute diabetogenesis. However, the temporal relationship between them effect of their cumulative co-exposure on future incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear. Methods Longitudinal analysis data 52,224 participants from a real-world, prospective cohort study (Kailuan Study) was performed address high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) index plasma (AIP, calculated as triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein) an approximately 4-year exposure period (2006/2007 2010/2011). After excluding 8824 with known diabetes, 43,360 nondiabetic were included for further T2D outcome. Cox regression models used examine adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) upon hsCRP (CumCRP) AIP (CumAIP) period. Results In analysis, standardized correlation coefficient (β1) hsCRP_2006/2007 AIP_2010/2011 0.0740 (95% CI, 0.0659 0.0820; P < 0.001), whereas (β2) AIP_2006/2007 hsCRP_2010/2011 − 0.0293 0.0385 0.0201; which significantly less than β1 ( 0.001). During median follow-up 7.9 years, 5,118 cases occurred. Isolated CumAIP or CumCRP dose-dependently associated risks, independent traditional risk factors. Significant interactions (− 0.0701) thresholds (1, 3 mg/L) = 0.0308). Compared 0.0701 1 mg/L, those same stratum but increasing levels had 1.5-fold higher risk; aHRs CIs): 1.64 (1.45–1.86), 1.87 (1.68–2.09), 2.04 (1.81–2.30), respectively, 1, ≤ 3, ≥ mg/L strata. Additionally, risks more prominent nonhypertensive, nondyslipidemic, nonprediabetic, female participants. Conclusions These findings suggest stronger association changes vice versa highlight urgent need combined assessment management chronic primary prevention, particularly subclinical T2D.

Language: Английский

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The Effects of Antioxidant Supplementation on the Pathologic Mechanisms of Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease Development

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 1641 - 1641

Published: May 27, 2024

In people with obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, lipid glucose metabolism oxidative stress generation interact. This condition, known as a “metabolic syndrome” (MetS), presents global challenge appears to be the underlying mechanism for development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). review is designed based on evidence indicating pathogenic mechanisms MetS. detail, we will look at induction in MetS, effects elevated levels condition’s pathophysiology, matters related endothelial function. According different components MetS pathophysiological network, antioxidants dysfunction are reviewed. After considering strategic role pathophysiology its associated CVDs, management by antioxidant supplementation seems an appropriate therapeutic approach.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Glutathione and Its Precursors in Type 2 Diabetes

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 184 - 184

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major worldwide health crisis affecting about 6.2% of the world’s population. Alarmingly, one in five children USA have prediabetes. Glutathione (GSH) and its precursors play promising role prevention management type T2D. Oxidative stress (OxS) probable factor both T2D initiation progression. GSH cytosolic water-soluble chemical antioxidant emerging evidence supports improving outcomes. Dietary supplementation with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and/or glycine (GLY), which are precursors, has also been studied for possible beneficial effects on This review will focus underlying pathophysiological molecular mechanisms linking OxS. In addition to their traditional roles, vivo GSH/NAC/GLY supplements be evaluated potential abilities modulate complex pro-oxidant factors (e.g., hyperglycemia) driving Positive feedback loops that amplify OxS over long time intervals likely result irreversible micro- macro-vascular damage. Most clinical studies focused adults or elderly. Future research pediatric populations should high priority since early intervention critical.

Language: Английский

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Advances in heart failure monitoring: Biosensors targeting molecular markers in peripheral bio-fluids

Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 255, P. 116090 - 116090

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Language: Английский

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Relationship of Thyroid Volume and Function with Carotid and Femoral Intima-Media Thickness in Euthyroid People Aged 18–65 Taking into Account the Impact of Diabetes, Hypertension, and Excess Body Mass

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 604 - 604

Published: Jan. 18, 2025

Background/Objectives: The interrelationship of thyroid volume and function with features cardiovascular dysfunction has already been investigated but some aspects remain unclear, especially in terms subclinical euthyroid patients. Intima-media thickness (IMT) measurement ultrasound B-mode imaging different vascular beds (most frequently within the common carotid artery) is one most important tools for detection atherosclerosis both clinical practice research. This article aimed to present results our research on association between evaluation parameters IMT measured femoral arteries patients aged 18 65 years taking into account influence diabetes, hypertension, excess body mass. Methods: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis data from no disease who during planned hospitalization underwent ultrasound, determination biochemical function, Doppler carotid, vertebral, lower extremities measurement. Data 45 people (females: 57.8%) were analyzed. Results: No significant correlations found parameters. Thyroid was be significantly correlated all superficial artery (R = 0.407, p 0.007 mean calculated left side right side) minimal taken 0.342, 0.025). Selected shown higher arterial obesity, or metabolic syndrome comparison without mentioned comorbidities. Using multiple linear regression, it confirmed that related status do not affect value. A effect diabetes and, lesser extent, hypertension value confirmed, arteries. Conclusions: In population patients, correlates IMT.

Language: Английский

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The Current Prevalence of Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity Associated with Demographic Factors among Pakistan School-Aged Children and Adolescents—An Empirical Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(18), P. 11619 - 11619

Published: Sept. 15, 2022

Purpose: This study investigated the most recent estimates of underweight, overweight, and obesity prevalence in Pakistani school-aged children adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional was conducted using a convenience random clustered sampling approach with 3,551 school aged 9 to 17 years from 52 schools throughout seven districts central Punjab province. The CDC US 2000 used define underweight (BMI < 5th percentile), overweight (85th ≤ BMI 95th (95th percentile BMI) for different grade cohorts (primary, middle, secondary, higher secondary schools). As trend test, Chi-square test used. Spearman correlation analysis (r) determine correlations between demographic variables weight status. regression explore predictive power factors relation body weight. Results: In adolescents, normal weight, 21.9%, 66.9%, 5.8%, 5.4%, respectively. Significant status were shown individual parameters (age, gender, type, grade). Children urban areas more likely be or obese than those rural areas. Boys found have lower girls. Accordingly, boys girls (odds ratio (OR) = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.33–1.85) had risk (OR 1.39, 1.03–1.86). Lower grades showed 1.66, 1.39–1.99) whereas 1.91, 1.41–2.57). Conclusions: prevalent. Compared studies 2011, Pakistan has decreased. However, this may also due fact that students compared other countries. issue been seen present is confirmed here by high number cases students. Future research should look into additional correlates factors. To evaluate association behavioral health variables, future use longitudinal interventional designs.

Language: Английский

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Involvement of Nitric Oxide in Protecting against Radical Species and Autoregulation of M1-Polarized Macrophages through Metabolic Remodeling

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(2), P. 814 - 814

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

When the expression of NOS2 in M1-polarized macrophages is induced, huge amounts nitric oxide (•NO) are produced from arginine and molecular oxygen as substrates. While anti-microbial action primary function M1 macrophages, excessive activation may result inflammation being aggravated. The reaction •NO with superoxide produces peroxynitrite, which highly toxic to cells. Alternatively, however, this eliminates radial electrons occasionally alleviate subsequent radical-mediated damage. Reactions lipid radicals terminates radical chain peroxidation, leads suppression ferroptosis. involved metabolic remodeling macrophages. Enzymes tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, notably aconitase 2, well respiratory enzymes, preferential targets derivatives. Ornithine, an alternate compound instead citrulline •NO, recruited synthesize polyamines. Itaconate, remodeled TCA polyamines defense systems against overresponses a feedback manner. Herein, we overview protective aspects species autoregulatory that enabled by M9-polarized

Language: Английский

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