Sustainability,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17(1), P. 142 - 142
Published: Dec. 27, 2024
Many
studies
in
the
literature
have
assessed
blue–green
infrastructure
(BGI)
characteristics
that
influence
its
cooling
potential
for
sustainable
urban
development.
Common
assessment
methods
include
satellite
remote
sensing,
numerical
simulations,
and
field
measurements,
each
defining
different
efficiency
indicators.
This
methodological
diversity
creates
uncertainties
optimizing
BGI
management.
To
address
this,
a
review
was
conducted
using
Google
Scholar,
Web
of
Science,
Scopus,
examining
how
cools
space,
which
spatial
data
are
most
effective,
differences
may
affect
results,
what
current
research
gaps
innovative
future
directions
are.
The
results
suggest
sensing
is
ideal
large-scale
comparisons,
simulations
local
development
scenarios,
measurements
assessing
conditions
closest
to
residents.
Maximum
intensity
averages
show
4
°C
from
3
2
simulations.
Differences
conclusions
arise
resolution,
model
scale,
delineation
method,
range
calculation.
key
object
size,
vegetation
fraction,
foliage
density,
connectivity.
Future
should
prioritize
integration
methods,
shape
complexity
effectiveness
assessment,
effects
morphology
on
evaluating
characteristics’
effectiveness,
explore
digital
twin
technology
management
optimization.
study
integrates
information
BGI’s
capabilities,
serving
as
useful
resource
both
practitioners
researchers
support
resilient
city
Landscape Ecology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
39(2)
Published: Feb. 14, 2024
Abstract
Context
Urban
parks
are
essential
for
maintaining
aesthetics
within
cities
and
keeping
their
its
energy
balance
by
helping
mitigate
the
Heat
Island
(UHI)
effect
through
controlling
ambient
land
surface
temperature
(LST).
Objectives
To
investigate
impact
of
cooling
in
terms
distance
variously
configured
urban
a
humid
subtropical
city,
using
landscape
metrics
open-source
data.
Methods
Land
use
(LU)
was
obtained
maximum
likelihood
classification
3
m
resolution
aerial
RGB-NIR
imagery
supported
ground
control
points
park
boundaries
collected
during
field
survey.
LST
at
matching
downscaling
Landsat-8
30/100m
resolution,
calculated
with
Radiative
Transfer
Equation
(RTE).
Landscape
patches
were
landscapemetrics
R
library
related
to
neighbourhood
distances
over
built-up
(LU).
Results
homogenous
cores
less
complex
shape
provide
distinctly
higher
neighbouring
LU
circa
2.55
°C
18
from
boundaries.
Four
metrics:
contiguity
index
(CONTIG),
core
area
(CAI),
fractal
dimension
(FRAC)
perimeter-area
ratio
(PARA)
represent
significant
relationship
between
spatial
configuration
distance.
No
capacity
regardless
observed
beyond
m,
which
remained
constant
small
fluctuations
range
0.5
up
600
m.
Conclusions
The
study
concludes
that
extends
is
shorter
than
suggested
other
studies.
Land,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(12), P. 2175 - 2175
Published: Dec. 13, 2024
As
cities
expand
rapidly,
the
combined
effects
of
urbanization,
global
warming,
and
intensification
Urban
Heat
Island
(UHI)
phenomenon
have
become
more
challenging
for
urban
environments.
In
response,
Green
Infrastructure
(UGI)
has
gained
attention
as
a
practical
effective
tool
mitigating
UHI
improving
climate
change.
Among
various
UGIs,
parks
been
subject
numerous
studies
due
to
their
proven
ability
reduce
air
surface
temperatures,
improve
local
microclimates,
enhance
overall
livability.
This
systematic
review
synthesizes
existing
body
research
identify
key
factors
that
influence
cooling
performance
parks.
A
total
131
peer-reviewed
between
2014
2024
were
analyzed,
focusing
on
both
design-related
site-related
play
pivotal
roles
in
park’s
effectiveness.
Design-related
include
park
size,
shape,
vegetation
density
composition,
presence
water
bodies,
impervious
surfaces
while
encompass
background
conditions,
proximity
natural
configuration
surrounding
The
findings
reveal
tree
coverage,
bodies
are
most
influential
enhancing
performance.
For
factors,
wind
speed
direction
emerged
critical
components
maximizing
benefits.
Research
also
showed
can
affect
by
influencing
airflow
patterns
shading.
Understanding
these
dynamics
is
crucial
worldwide
they
strive
design
address
specific
environmental
climatic
challenges.
this
offer
guidance
landscape
architects
planners,
enabling
them
deliver
enhanced
benefits,
especially
when
face
rising
temperatures
an
increasing
number
heatwaves.
Buildings,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(7), P. 1032 - 1032
Published: March 24, 2025
Urban
green
spaces
(UGSs)
are
crucial
for
mitigating
land
surface
temperature
(LST)
in
the
context
of
climate
change
and
extremely
high
temperatures.
Although
numerous
studies
have
explored
impact
UGSs
on
LST,
a
systematic
understanding
research
scope,
knowledge
network
structure,
data
sources,
main
methods,
frontier
trends
this
field
is
lacking.
In
study,
740
documents
were
retrieved
from
Web
Science
database,
hotspots,
trends,
frontiers
LST
analyzed
using
scientometric
analysis
CiteSpace
6.2.R4
software.
The
results
revealed
that
annual
number
publications
citations
has
increased
consistently,
with
rapid
growth
2019
to
2024.
However,
communication
dissemination
findings
hindered
by
lack
efficient
international
collaboration
networks
academic
institutions
authors,
highlighting
need
more
vigorous
global
exchanges
cooperation.
Additionally,
eight
identified
clusters
extracted
literature
keywords,
covering
remote
sensing,
urban
infrastructure,
landscape
patterns,
spatial
regression
analysis,
threshold
values
efficiency,
etc.,
established
specific
content
system,
methodology.
Furthermore,
enhancing
multi-disciplinary
integration
incorporating
practical
case
will
improve
accuracy
applicability
facilitate
translation
theoretical
into
applications.
This
study
provided
comprehensive
overview
current
offered
valuable
guidance
studying
thermal
comfort
sustainable
development
future.
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 28, 2025
Abstract
Urban
parks
are
critical
in
mitigating
urban
heat
island
effects,
regulating
temperature,
and
improving
microclimates.
This
study
investigates
the
cooling
impact
of
twenty
Başakşehir,
Istanbul,
using
remote
sensing
techniques,
GIS-based
analysis,
statistical
modeling.
Key
environmental
variables,
including
Land
Surface
Temperature
(LST),
Normalized
Difference
Vegetation
Index
(NDVI),
Built-up
(NDBI),
Water
(NDWI),
were
analyzed
within
buffer
zones
ranging
from
100
to
900
meters.
use
classes
classified
Random
Forest
algorithm,
a
robust
machine
learning
technique
commonly
applied
spatial
analysis.
The
revealed
that
significantly
have
lower
LST,
with
effect
persisting
up
500
meters
(p
>
0.05)
decreasing
beyond
<
0.05).
It
was
observed
surface
temperatures
varied
between
33.3°C
37.7°C
summer
6.8°C
9.5°C
winter.
When
land
examined,
it
determined
areas
30–35%
water
surfaces
remained
relatively
low
(0–2%),
indicating
contribution
limited.
Among
indices
evaluated,
NDVI
emerged
as
most
influential
factor,
positively
correlating
Park
Cooling
Intensity
(PCI,
r
=
0.93).
Parks
larger
sizes
showed
more
substantial
Efficiency
(PCE)
Gradient
(PCG)
metrics
highlighting
their
broader
impact.
These
findings
underscore
necessity
strategic
planning
optimize
park
distribution
size,
ensuring
sustainable
benefits
rapidly
urbanizing
areas.
