Thyroid hormones act as modulators of inflammation through their nuclear receptors

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Aug. 8, 2022

Reciprocal crosstalk between endocrine and immune systems has been well-documented both in physiological pathological conditions, although the connection system thyroid hormones (THs) remains largely unclear. Inflammation infection are two important processes modulated by system, which have profound effects on central peripheral THs metabolism. Conversely, optimal levels of necessary for maintenance function response. Although some mediated their binding to cell membrane integrin receptors, triggering a non-genomic response, most actions these involve specific nuclear receptors (TRs), generate genomic response modulating activity great variety transcription factors. In this special review role health disease, we highlight relevance molecular mechanisms linked inflammation upon receptors. particular, focus different signaling pathways involved associated with various infectious and/or processes, emphasizing those NF-kB, p38MAPK JAK/STAT. The findings showed suggest new opportunities improve current therapeutic strategies treatment several infections diseases, such as cancer, sepsis or Covid-19 infection.

Language: Английский

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Thyroid hormone receptor beta: Relevance in human health and diseases

Endocrine and Metabolic Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13, P. 100144 - 100144

Published: Sept. 25, 2023

Thyroid Hormone Receptor (THR) is a member of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily, best defined as intracellular ligand-modulated transcription factors. hormone (TH), by binding to THR, regulates several physiological and metabolic processes, e.g., development, metabolism, homeostasis, reproduction, etc. THR primarily heterodimerizes with RXR binds its response element modulate expression target genes. has two different isoforms differentially expressed throughout body, i.e., THRα THRβ, encoded distinct genes, THRA THRB, respectively. The indispensable roles THRβ in regulation hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid addition biochemical including hepatic kidney-related functions, etc., illustrate that dysregulations are underlying cause onset diseases, diabetes, cardiac ailments, metabolic-related disorders, endocrine-related cancers, reproductive issues, This also makes it potential for pharmacological interventions. In this context, present review focuses mainly on intrinsic mechanism functioning contribution disease progression. addition, genetic/polymorphic variations THRB gene primary driving factors eliciting rare genetic disorder, resistance thyroid (RTH), have been addressed detail. We highlighted implications targetability addressing impact TH analogs/modulators hormone-disrupting chemicals occurrence management.

Language: Английский

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From Emergence to Endemicity: A Comprehensive Review of COVID-19

Cureus, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 31, 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), later renamed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first identified in Wuhan, China, early December 2019. Initially, the China office of World Health Organization informed numerous cases pneumonia unidentified etiology Hubei Province at end This would subsequently result a global pandemic with millions confirmed COVID-19 and deaths reported to WHO. We have analyzed most data published since beginning compile this comprehensive review SARS-CoV-2. looked core ideas, such as etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnostics, histopathologic findings, consequences, therapies, vaccines. also included long-term effects myths associated some therapeutics COVID-19. study presents assessment SARS-CoV-2 virology, vaccines, medicines, significant variants during course pandemic. Our article is intended provide medical practitioners better understanding fundamental sciences, treatment, prevention As May 2023, paper contains recent made accessible.

Language: Английский

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Endocrine Disorders and COVID-19

Annual Review of Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 74(1), P. 75 - 88

Published: Sept. 24, 2022

The multifaceted interaction between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the endocrine system has been a major area of scientific research over past two years. While common endocrine/metabolic disorders such as obesity diabetes have recognized among significant risk factors for COVID-19 severity, several organs were identified to be targeted by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). New-onset related reported while long-term effects, if any, are yet determined. Meanwhile, “stay home” measures during pandemic caused interruption in care patients with pre-existing may impeded diagnosis treatment new ones. This review aims outline this complex synthesizing current knowledge obtained from clinical pathophysiological studies, emphasize considerations future research.

Language: Английский

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Association between the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Thyroid Function in U.S. Adults

Mediators of Inflammation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023, P. 1 - 12

Published: Nov. 16, 2023

The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is used as an indicator of prognosis for a wide range diseases. Thyroid function has been found to be strongly associated with inflammation. purpose this investigation was analyze the correlation between SII and various thyroid functions.This study utilized data from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012. association analyzed using weighted univariate multivariate linear regression analyses. Subgroup analyses, interaction tests, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were also employed test correlation.Of 6,875 participants (age ≥ 20 years), mean age 46.87 ± 0.40 years. adjusted model showed that lnSII negatively correlated FT3 (β = -0.0559, 95% CI -0.1060 -0.0059,) FT3/FT4 -0.0920, -0.1667 -0.0173,). There positive TT4 0.1499, 0.0722-0.2276,). In subgroup still independently affected functions. Weighted RCS analysis nonlinear relationship lnSII.Close relationships exist variety can predict dysfunction. Control inflammatory activity may protective measure against More large-scale prospective studies are necessary further explore role obesity in this.

Language: Английский

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Development and Validation of a Machine Learning-Based Predictive Model for 30-Day All-Cause Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with the FT4/WBC Ratio

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Background: The equilibrium between metabolic reserves and immune activation in critically ill patients is crucial for their short-term prognosis. FT4/WBC ratio couples the organism's metabolism with immunity. So far, scarce studies have concentrated on this ratio, machine learning (ML) models to predict 30-day mortality are lacking.Aims: This study aimed explore correlation of risk all-cause develop machine-learning outcomes ratio.

Language: Английский

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The Influence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on the Thyroid Gland

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 614 - 614

Published: Feb. 18, 2023

It is important to acknowledge the impact that COVID-19 has on thyroid gland and how status before during infection affects SARS-CoV-2 severity. To this day those dependencies are not fully understood. known virus uses angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 as receptor for cellular entry it can lead multiple organ failures due a cytokine storm. Levels of proinflammatory molecules (such cytokines chemokines) which commonly elevated were significantly higher in observed SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. In terms hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, autoimmune diseases, there no proof dysfunctions have direct more severe courses COVID-19. Regarding hyper- hypothyroidism was consequential dependency between frequency morbidity post-infectious complications. When comes evaluation be performed unclear relation with level antibodies checked illnesses its binding mentioned virus. Nonetheless, based analyzed works we found trigger immune system cause hyperactivity, sometimes leading new onset disorders. We also noticed acute patients mainly reduced free triiodothyronine serum levels, future, might used mortality indicating factor regarding Considering subacute thyroiditis (SAT), statistically data proving correlation been found. Nevertheless, taking into account fact SAT triggered by respiratory tract viral infections, too. There many heterogenous figures symptoms, annual distribution, cases, so topic requires further evaluation.

Language: Английский

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A Theoretical Study To Understand the Impact of Mpro of nCoV on the Hormones

ChemistrySelect, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(8)

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

Abstract Amidst the unprecedented 2019 coronavirus outbreak and substantial loss of lives due to scarcity information about virus lack viable drugs, understanding impact nCoV Main Protease (Mpro) on endocrine system has emerged as a critical topic pursue. This study explores potential interactions between four key hormones (cortisol, cortisone, estradiol, estrone) Mpro using various in‐silico methodologies. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations scrutinized electron density delocalization these hormones. Through molecular docking, molecular‐level binding with was studied, revealing cortisol hormone exhibiting most promising affinity (−100.05 kcal/mol). Furthermore, dynamics (MD) simulations, emulating human body conditions at distinct temperatures, were employed implications interactions. The analysed trajectories such root mean square deviation (RMSD), fluctuations (RMSF), radius gyration (Rg), H‐bond understand biological systems. findings demonstrate hormones, raising plausible concerns regarding consequential physiological changes within body.

Language: Английский

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Thyroid function changes and COVID-19 severity: egg or chicken?

Endocrine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 78(3), P. 436 - 440

Published: July 25, 2022

Language: Английский

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scapGNN: A graph neural network–based framework for active pathway and gene module inference from single-cell multi-omics data

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(11), P. e3002369 - e3002369

Published: Nov. 13, 2023

Although advances in single-cell technologies have enabled the characterization of multiple omics profiles individual cells, extracting functional and mechanistic insights from such information remains a major challenge. Here, we present scapGNN, graph neural network (GNN)-based framework that creatively transforms sparse profile data into stable gene-cell association for inferring pathway activity scores identifying cell phenotype-associated gene modules multi-omics data. Systematic benchmarking demonstrated scapGNN was more accurate, robust, scalable than state-of-the-art methods various downstream analyses as denoising, batch effect removal, clustering, trajectory inference, or module identification. developed systematic R package can be flexibly extended enhanced existing analysis processes. It provides new analytical platform studying single cells at levels.

Language: Английский

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