Estrogens in Adipose Tissue Physiology and Obesity-Related Dysfunction

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 690 - 690

Published: Feb. 24, 2023

Menopause-related decline in estrogen levels is accompanied by a change adipose tissue distribution from gynoid to an android and increased prevalence of obesity women. These unfavorable phenomena can be partially restored hormone replacement therapy, suggesting significant role for the regulation adipocytes’ function. Indeed, preclinical studies proved involvement these hormones development, metabolism, inflammatory activity. However, relationship between bidirectional. On one hand-their deficiency leads excessive fat accumulation impairs adipocyte function, on other-adipose obese individuals characterized altered expression receptors key enzymes involved their synthesis. This narrative review aims summarize physiology, obesity-related dysfunction. Firstly, classification, synthesis, modes action are presented. Next, regulating adipogenesis activity health course described. Finally, potential therapeutic applications its derivates treatment discussed.

Language: Английский

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Obesity and lipid metabolism in the development of osteoporosis (Review)

International Journal of Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 54(1)

Published: May 27, 2024

Osteoporosis is a common bone metabolic disease that causes heavy social burden and seriously threatens life. Improving osteogenic capacity necessary to correct mass loss in the treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoblasts are derived from differentiation marrow mesenchymal stem cells, process opposes adipogenic differentiation. The peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathways mediate mutual regulation osteogenesis adipogenesis. Lipid substances play an important role occurrence development content proportion lipids modulate activity immunocytes, mainly macrophages, secretion inflammatory factors, such as IL‑1, IL‑6 TNF‑α. These effectors increase promote osteoclasts, which leads imbalance stronger resorption. Obesity also decreases antioxidases oxidative stress, thereby inhibiting osteogenesis. present review starts by examining bidirectional BM‑MSCs, describes detail mechanism affect metabolism, discusses regulatory inflammation stress this process. concludes reasonable adjustment lipids, alleviation storms damage induced lipid imbalances, will improve treat

Language: Английский

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From Gut to Hormones: Unraveling the Role of Gut Microbiota in (Phyto)Estrogen Modulation in Health and Disease

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 68(6)

Published: Feb. 11, 2024

Abstract The human gut microbiota regulates estrogen metabolism through the “estrobolome,” collection of bacterial genes that encode enzymes like β‐glucuronidases and β‐glucosidases. These deconjugate reactivate estrogen, influencing circulating levels. estrobolome mediates enterohepatic circulation bioavailability estrogen. Alterations in composition function have been associated with estrogen‐related diseases breast cancer, enometrial polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). This is likely due to dysregulated signaling partly contributed by microbial impacts on metabolism. Dietary phytoestrogens also undergo into active metabolites equol, which binds receptors exhibits higher estrogenic potency than its precursor daidzein. However, ability produce equol varies across populations, depending presence specific microbes. Characterizing equol‐producing populations can provide microbiome‐based biomarkers. Further research needed investigate components estrobolome, phytoestrogen‐microbiota interactions, mechanisms linking dysbiosis pathology. current evidence suggests an integral regulator status clinical relevance women's health hormonal disorders.

Language: Английский

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Association between weight-adjusted-waist index and gallstones: an analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

BMC Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Abstract Background The weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) is a novel obesity index, and gallstones are associated with obesity. This study aimed to investigate the possible relationship between WWI gallstones. Methods datasets from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2020 were used in cross-sectional investigation. Multivariate linear regression models examine connection incidence. Fitted smoothing curves threshold effect analysis describe nonlinear relationship. Results comprised 8004 participants over age of 20, including 833 reported Participants higher tertile tended have prevalence. In final adjusted model, positive association prevalence was observed (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.20‒1.49). highest had significantly 71% risk than those lowest 1.71, 1.35‒2.17). A correlation found prevalence, an inflection point 12.7. Conclusions Our that levels connected increased However, more prospective studies needed validate our findings.

Language: Английский

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Oestrogen suppresses the adipogenesis of fibro/adipogenic progenitors through reactivating the METTL3–ESR1‐mediated loop in post‐menopausal females

Clinical and Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2)

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Abstract Background Post‐menopausal women experience more severe muscular fatty infiltration, though the mechanisms remain unclear. The decline in estrogen levels is considered as a critical physiological alteration during post‐menopause. Fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are identified major contributors to infiltration. This study aimed investigate detailed mechanism underlying excessive infiltration postmenopausal females. Methods Supraspinatus muscle samples were collected from female patients with or without menopause, and mice ovariectomy (OVX), evaluate isolated FAPs. expressions of (estrogen receptor 1) ESR1, methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3), adipogenesis ability FAPs post‐menopausal OVX investigated. RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) was performed explore gene expression profiles potential Pdgfrα‐CreERT2; Esr1 knockout (Esr1 KO) flox/flox f/f) mice. interplay METTL3‐ESR1 mediated loop its role regulating investigated using dual luciferase reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), protein stability assays. effects supplementation on locomotor function evaluated by immunofluorescent staining functional analysis. Results Decreased ESR1/METTL3 increased found female. METTL3‐mediated m6A methylation promoted ESR1 mRNA at post‐transcriptional level modification stabilizing mRNA, while acted transcription factor that enhanced METTL3 turn. also suppressed adipogenic peroxisome proliferator‐activated gamma (PPARγ), thereby inhibiting Reactivation alleviated women, it reduced improved Conclusion Excessive arose disruption due deficiency. may serve novel intervention inhibit FAPs, ameliorating improving Key points Oestrogen insufficiency disrupted METTL3ESR1 causing stabilized expression, further transcription. inhibited PPARγ, Reactivating via oestrogen function.

Language: Английский

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MHO or MUO? White adipose tissue remodeling

Obesity Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(4)

Published: Jan. 7, 2024

In this review, we delve into the intricate relationship between white adipose tissue (WAT) remodeling and metabolic aspects in obesity, with a specific focus on individuals metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) unhealthy (MUO). WAT is highly heterogeneous, plastic, dynamically secreting endocrine immune organ. plays crucial role health, involving expansion mode, microenvironment, phenotype, distribution. MHO, beneficial, reducing ectopic fat deposition insulin resistance (IR) through mechanisms like increased adipocyte hyperplasia, anti-inflammatory appropriate extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, vascularization, enhanced browning, subcutaneous (SWAT) deposition. Conversely, for those MUO, leads to IR, causing dysregulation. This process involves hypertrophy, disrupted heightened pro-inflammatory brown (BAT) whitening, accumulation of visceral (VWAT) The review underscores pivotal importance intervening hinder transition from MHO MUO. insight valuable tailoring personalized effective management strategies patients clinical practice.

Language: Английский

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Update in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy of Prolactinoma

Cancers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(15), P. 3604 - 3604

Published: July 24, 2022

Prolactinomas comprise 30-50% of all pituitary neuroendocrine tumors, frequently occur in females aged 20 to 50, and cause hypogonadism infertility. In typical cases, female patients exhibit galactorrhea amenorrhea due serum prolactin (PRL) elevation, during pregnancy should be carefully treated. During diagnosis, other causes hyperprolactinemia must excluded, an MRI is useful for detecting tumors. For treating prolactinoma, dopamine agonists (DAs) are effective decreasing PRL levels shrinking tumor size most patients. Some DA-resistant cases the molecular mechanisms resistance a DA partially clarified. The side effects include cardiac valve alterations impulse control disorders. Although surgical therapies invasive, recent analysis shows that long-term remission rates higher than from medical therapies. treatments giant or malignant prolactinomas challenging, combination medication, surgery, radiation therapy considered. Regarding pathogenesis, somatic SF3B1 mutations were recently identified even though prolactinoma have not been elucidated. To understand pathogenesis prolactinomas, development new therapeutic approaches treatment-resistant expected. This review updates advances understanding prolactinoma.

Language: Английский

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Anatomical location, sex, and age modulate adipocyte progenitor populations in perivascular adipose tissues

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: July 12, 2024

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) regulates vascular function due to its capacity synthesize vasoactive products and mechanical properties. PVATs most abundant cells are adipocytes, their populations maintained by the maturation of adipocyte progenitor (APC), which may play a pivotal role in pathogenesis cardiovascular diseases. However, distribution APC within PVAT depots, potential variation spatial location, influence sex age on abundance remain unknown. We hypothesize that is affected age, subtypes have specific distributions. from thoracic abdominal aorta, mesenteric arteries, AT interscapular, gonadal, subcutaneous depots 13-week 30-week-old females males Pdgfrα-CreERT2 x LSL-tdTomato mice (n = 28) were analyzed. Abdominal aorta had fewer progenitors than gonadal AT. Aging reduced but increased numbers PVAT. Females more depots. exhibited unique where they localized neighboring vasa vasorum arteries. (APC1, APC2, APC3, diff APC) identified all Thoracic APC3 located adventitia while parenchyma. This study variability based depot, sex. The distinctive presence diverse suggest contribute differently diseases-induced remodeling.

Language: Английский

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Age‐related changes to adipose tissue and peripheral neuropathy in genetically diverse HET3 mice differ by sex and are not mitigated by rapamycin longevity treatment

Aging Cell, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(4)

Published: Feb. 16, 2023

Abstract Neural communication between the brain and adipose tissues regulates energy expenditure metabolism through modulation of tissue functions. We have recently demonstrated that under pathophysiological conditions (obesity, diabetes, aging), total subcutaneous white (scWAT) innervation is decreased (‘adipose neuropathy’). With advanced age in C57BL/6J mouse, small fiber peripheral nerve endings die back, resulting reduced contact with adipose‐resident blood vessels other cells. This vascular neuropathy parenchymal together likely pose a physiological challenge for function. In current work, we used genetically diverse HET3 mouse model to investigate incidence dysregulation across several ages both male female mice. also investigated anti‐aging treatment rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, as means prevent or reduce neuropathy. found mice displayed phenotype compared inbred C56BL/6 J mice, indicating genetic contributions this aging phenotype. Compared had worse neuropathic phenotypes by 62 weeks age. Female appeared increased protection from until (126 weeks), after reproductive senescence. rapamycin overall little impact on measures, actually worsened inflammation fibrosis. Despite its success longevity higher doses longer delivery paradigms may lead disconnect life span beneficial health outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Genetic Polymorphisms and Diversity in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Mini Review

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 106 - 106

Published: Dec. 30, 2022

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common with wide spectrum of conditions ranging from hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The prevalence NAFLD varies across populations, different ethnicities have specific risks for the disease. multi-factorial where genetics, metabolic, environmental factors interplay modulate disease’s development progression. Several genetic polymorphisms been identified are associated risk. This mini-review discussed NAFLD’s focusing on differences in findings between populations (diversity), including those reports that did not show any significant association. challenges diversity also summarized. Understanding contribution will allow better diagnosis management explicitly tailored various populations.

Language: Английский

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