Brain Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(2), P. 243 - 243
Published: Jan. 31, 2023
Finding
a
link
between
hormone
and
microRNAs
(miRNAs)
is
of
great
importance
since
it
enables
the
adjustment
genetic
composition
or
cellular
functions
without
needing
gene-level
interventions.
The
dicer-mediated
cleavage
precursor
miRNAs
an
interface
miRNA
its
regulators;
any
disruption
in
this
process
can
affect
neurogenesis.
Besides,
hormonal
regulation
occur
at
molecular
levels,
both
directly,
through
binding
to
promoter
elements
miRNAs,
indirectly,
via
signaling
effects
post-transcriptional
processing
proteins.
Estrogenic
hormones
have
many
roles
regulating
brain.
This
review
discusses
their
detailed
biogenesis,
activities,
general
estrogen-dependent
regulations.
Additionally,
we
highlight
relationship
miR-29,
miR-9,
estrogens
nervous
system.
Such
could
be
possible
etiological
route
for
developing
various
neurodegenerative
disorders.
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: April 16, 2024
Background
The
hippocampus,
vital
for
memory
and
learning,
is
among
the
first
brain
regions
affected
in
Alzheimer’s
Disease
(AD)
exhibits
adult
neurogenesis.
Women
face
twice
risk
of
developing
AD
compare
to
men,
making
it
crucial
understand
sex
differences
hippocampal
function
comprehending
susceptibility.
Methods
We
conducted
a
comprehensive
analysis
bulk
mRNA
postmortem
samples
from
whole
hippocampus
(GSE48350,
GSE5281)
its
CA1
CA3
subfields
(GSE29378).
Our
aim
was
perform
comparative
molecular
signatures
analysis,
investigating
sex-specific
similarities
AD.
This
involved
comparing
gene
expression
profiles
among:
(a)
male
controls
(M-controls)
vs.
female
(F-controls),
(b)
females
with
(F-AD)
F-controls,
(c)
males
(M-AD)
M-controls,
(d)
M-AD
F-AD.
Furthermore,
we
identified
susceptibility
genes
interacting
key
targets
menopause
hormone
replacement
drugs,
specifically
ESR1
ESR2
genes,
along
GPER1
.
Results
revealed
contrasting
patterns
between
M-controls
F-AD
as
well
F-controls.
Notably,
BACE1
,
enzyme
linked
amyloid-beta
production
pathology,
found
be
upregulated
compared
F-controls
both
subfields.
In
GABAergic
synapse
downregulated,
Estrogen
signaling
pathway
subfields,
unlike
Analysis
also
upregulation
While
direct
comparison
F-AD,
small
subfield
males.
Conversely,
exhibited
downregulation
Dopaminergic
while
Calcium
showed
mixed
regulation,
being
but
downregulated
CA3,
M-controls.
M-AD,
suggests
compensatory
response
neurodegenerative
results
potential
including
MAPK1,
IGF1,
AKT1,
TP53
CD44
Conclusion
These
findings
underscore
importance
disease
mechanisms
pathogenesis.
Region-specific
offers
more
detailed
examination
localized
changes
enabling
capture
progression.
Molecular Medicine Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
30(2)
Published: June 19, 2024
Estrogens
are
involved
in
a
number
of
physiological
functions,
including
the
development
brain,
growth,
reproduction
and
metabolism.
The
biological
actions
estrogens
achieved
by
binding
to
estrogen
receptors
(ERs)
numerous
types
tissues.
ERα
ERβ
belong
nuclear
receptor
superfamily
G‑protein
coupled
ER1
(GPER1)
is
membrane
receptor.
primary
biologically
active
estrogen,
17β‑estradiol
demonstrates
high
affinity
for
ERs.
Mechanistically,
bind
ERs
nucleus,
complex
then
dimerize
response
elements
(EREs)
located
promoter
regions
target
genes.
This
referred
as
genomic
mechanism
ERs'
function.
Furthermore,
can
also
act
through
kinases
other
molecular
interactions
leading
specific
gene
expression
non‑genomic
mechanism.
While
exert
their
functions
via
both
pathways,
GPER1
exerts
its
function
primarily
pathways.
Any
aberrations
ER
signaling
lead
one
diseases
such
disorders
growth
puberty,
fertility
abnormalities,
cancer,
metabolic
or
osteoporosis.
In
present
review,
focus
placed
on
three
tissues
estrogens,
namely
bones,
breasts
paradigms
multiple
facets
increasing
prevalence
breast
particularly
hormone
receptor‑positive
challenge
novel
antihormonal
therapies
than
tamoxifen
aromatase
inhibitors,
minimize
toxicity
from
long
treatment
regimens
patients
with
cancer.
A
complete
understanding
action
bones
may
highlight
options
targeted
treatments
Likewise,
aging
brain
related
diseases,
dementia
depression,
associated
lack
women
following
menopause.
gender
dysphoria,
discordance
between
experienced
sex,
commonly
hypothesized
emerge
due
discrepancies
cerebral
genital
sexual
differentiation.
exact
role
dysphoria
requires
further
research.
Current Issues in Molecular Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
46(8), P. 8170 - 8196
Published: July 29, 2024
Estrogen
is
a
significant
hormone
that
involved
in
multitude
of
physiological
and
pathological
processes.
In
addition
to
its
pivotal
role
the
reproductive
system,
estrogen
also
implicated
pathogenesis
diseases.
Nevertheless,
previous
research
on
diseases,
including
Alzheimer’s
disease,
depression,
cardiovascular
diabetes,
osteoporosis,
gastrointestinal
estrogen-dependent
cancers,
has
concentrated
single
disease
area,
resulting
lack
comprehensive
understanding
cross-disease
mechanisms.
This
brought
some
challenges
current
treatment
methods
for
these
because
as
potential
therapeutic
tool
not
yet
fully
developed
potential.
Therefore,
this
review
aims
comprehensively
explore
mechanism
seven
types
The
objective
study
describe
relationship
between
each
estrogen,
ways
which
participates
regulating
mechanisms,
outline
efficacy
treating
diseases
clinical
practice.
By
studying
variety
it
hoped
more
accurate
theoretical
basis
guidance
future
strategies
will
be
provided,
thus
promoting
effective
management
Brain Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(2), P. 243 - 243
Published: Jan. 31, 2023
Finding
a
link
between
hormone
and
microRNAs
(miRNAs)
is
of
great
importance
since
it
enables
the
adjustment
genetic
composition
or
cellular
functions
without
needing
gene-level
interventions.
The
dicer-mediated
cleavage
precursor
miRNAs
an
interface
miRNA
its
regulators;
any
disruption
in
this
process
can
affect
neurogenesis.
Besides,
hormonal
regulation
occur
at
molecular
levels,
both
directly,
through
binding
to
promoter
elements
miRNAs,
indirectly,
via
signaling
effects
post-transcriptional
processing
proteins.
Estrogenic
hormones
have
many
roles
regulating
brain.
This
review
discusses
their
detailed
biogenesis,
activities,
general
estrogen-dependent
regulations.
Additionally,
we
highlight
relationship
miR-29,
miR-9,
estrogens
nervous
system.
Such
could
be
possible
etiological
route
for
developing
various
neurodegenerative
disorders.
