Assessing the impact and mechanisms of environmental pollutants (heavy metals and pesticides) on the male reproductive system: a comprehensive review

Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 28

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

The escalation of technological advancements, coupled with the increased use hazardous chemicals, has emerged as a significant concern for human health. Exposure to environmental pollutants like heavy metals and pesticides (insecticides, herbicides fungicides) is known significantly contribute various health problems, particularly affecting reproductive Disturbances in potential toxicity males are worrisome. Existing literature suggests that exposure these alters male parameters. Thus, it imperative thoroughly analyze, comprehend, evaluate their impact on toxicity. Oxidative stress disruptions redox equilibrium major factors through which induce changes sperm parameters affect system. Insecticides, fungicides, act endocrine disruptors, interfering secretion function hormones such testosterone luteinizing hormone (LH), consequently impacting spermatogenesis. Additionally, reported bio-accumulate organs, acting disruptors triggering oxidative stress. co-operative association can lead severe damage. In this comprehensive review, we have conducted an in-depth analysis system, shedding light underlying mechanisms action.

Language: Английский

---

Melatonin ameliorates 10‐hydroxycamptothecin‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis via autophagy‐regulated p62/Keap1/Nrf2 pathway in mouse testicular cells

Journal of Pineal Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 76(4)

Published: May 1, 2024

Abstract 10‐Hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) is a widely used clinical anticancer drug but has significant side effect profile. Melatonin beneficial impact on the chemotherapy of different cancer cells and reproductive processes, underlying molecular mechanism melatonin's involvement in HCPT‐induced effects cells, especially testicular are poorly understood. In this study, we found that melatonin therapy significantly restored cell damage did not affect antitumor HCPT. Further analysis suppressed DNA associated with ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated‐ Rad3‐related CHK1 phosphorylation levels testis. Changes apoptosis‐associated protein (Bax, Bcl‐2, p53, Cleaved caspase‐3) reactive oxygen species‐associated proteins (Nrf2 Keap1) index (malondialdehyde glutathione) suggested treatment relieved apoptosis oxidative damage, respectively. Mechanistically, melatonin‐activated autophagy (ATG7, Beclin1, LC3bII/I) may induce p62‐dependent to degrade Keap1, eliciting Nrf2 from Keap1‐Nrf2 interaction promote antioxidant enzyme expression such as HO‐1, which would salvage ROS production mitochondrial dysfunction. Collectively, study reveals protect via activation autophagy, alleviates stress, dysfunction, apoptosis.

Language: Английский

---

Melatonin: a promising neuroprotective agent for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Aug. 4, 2023

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) injury is initiated by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which leads to oxidation cellular proteins, DNA, and lipids as an initial event. The reperfusion process impairs critical cascades that support cell survival, including mitochondrial biogenesis antioxidant enzyme activity. Failure activate prosurvival signals may result in increased neuronal death exacerbation CIR damage. Melatonin, a hormone produced naturally body, has high concentrations both cerebrospinal fluid brain. However, melatonin production declines significantly with age, contribute development age-related neurological disorders due reduced levels. By activating various signaling pathways, can affect multiple aspects human health its diverse range activities. Therefore, understanding underlying intracellular molecular mechanisms crucial before investigating neuroprotective effects cerebral injury.

Language: Английский

---

Melatonin as a natural anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant therapy in the testis: a focus on infertility and aging

Biology of Reproduction, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 12, 2024

Abstract Melatonin is a pineal hormone that regulates testicular activity (i.e., steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis) through two complementary mechanisms, indirect effects exerted via the hypothalamic–adenohypophyseal axis direct actions take place on different cell populations of male gonad. The increased age testis general mechanisms involved in pathology leading to infertility are still only poorly understood. However, there growing evidence link aging idiopathic local inflammatory oxidative stress events. Because literature data strongly indicate melatonin exhibits anti-inflammatory anti-oxidant properties, this review focuses potential benefits by indoleamine at level reproductive fertility aging. Taking into account supplementation function currently being investigated, overview covers not promising prospects but also many questions concerning future therapeutic value as an anti-aging drug well management cases for which no medical treatments available.

Language: Английский

---

Changes in Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasonography Results, Vascular Endothelial Cell Damage, and Oxidative Stress Indicators in Rabbit Models With Varying Degrees of Testicular Injury

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 17, 2025

Objective It is difficult to quickly assess the degree of testicular injury in patients with blunt trauma, and accurate rapid assessment related clinical decision‐making treatment outcomes. This study explored sonographic characteristics different degrees trauma via contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), as well biomarkers oxidative stress vascular endothelial cell injury, further evaluate diagnostic value these parameters trauma. Method New Zealand male rabbits were used establish models degrees, including contusion, hematoma, rupture, control models. Routine CEUS performed immediately, 2, 4, 6 h after modeling, pathological examination was confirm modeling results further. The levels von Willebrand factor (vWF), endothelin‐1 (ET‐1), reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) serum analyzed. Results According results, arrival time (AT) ( F = 35.159, P < .001), peak intensity (TTP) 122.434; area under curve (AUC) 47.444; .001) time‐intensity curves showed significant differences among groups. There no difference between Hematoma Trauma (HT) 0.178; .91) Peak Intensity (PI) 0.172; .92). For biomarkers, there vWF 40.61; ROS 106.3; NO 79.3; ET‐1 61.94; Conclusions AT, TTP, AUC indices can more accurately distinguish injury. Oxidative damage may also be for evaluating

Language: Английский

---

Protective effects of melatonin against oxidative stress induced by metabolic disorders in the male reproductive system: a systematic review and meta-analysis of rodent models

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: July 5, 2023

Background Male infertility is a multifaceted issue that has gained scientific interest due to its increasing rate. Studies have demonstrated oxidative stress involved in male development. Furthermore, metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes, hypo- and hyperthyroidism, are risk factors for infertility, believed contribute this association. Melatonin, functioning as an scavenger, may represent promising therapeutic approach the prevention treatment of disorder-associated infertility. Material methods We systematically searched three online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web Science) studies evaluated effects melatonin therapy on disorders-induce rodents. The favorable outcomes were histopathological parameters testicular tissue, reproductive hormones, markers stress. Then, meta-analyses done each outcome. results reported standardized mean difference (Cohen’s d) 95% confidence interval. Results 24 with 31 included. Rats mice subjects. employed hypothyroidism, hyperlipidemia, food deprivation disorders. To induce these high-fat diet, high‐fructose leptin, streptozotocin, alloxan, carbimazole, levothyroxine used. included histopathologic characteristics (abnormal sperm morphology, apoptotic cells, index, Johnsen’s biopsy score, seminiferous epithelial height, tubular basement membrane thickness, diameter, count, motility), weight-related measurements (absolute epididymis, testis, body weight, weight gain, epididymal adipose tissue relative testis weight), hormonal (androgen receptor expression, serum FSH, LH, testosterone level), (tissue GPx MDA activity, CAT, GSH, SOD activity), exploratory (serum HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, triglyceride, blood glucose level). overall pooled effect sizes statistically significant all some Conclusions Melatonin can reduce damage rodents’ gonadal improve motility, morphology diseases. Future clinical randomized controlled trials needed evaluate safety effectiveness patients

Language: Английский

---

Protective effects of exogenous melatonin therapy against oxidative stress to male reproductive tissue caused by anti-cancer chemical and radiation therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 28, 2023

Background Male testicular dysfunction is a considerable complication of anti-cancer therapies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, partly due to the increased oxidative stress caused by these treatments. Melatonin an effective antioxidant agent that protects testicles against physical toxic chemical stressors in animal models. This study aims systematically review melatonin’s protective effects on rodential tissue. Materials Method An extensive search was conducted Web Science, Scopus, PubMed for studies investigating exogenous rodent exposed chemicals radiotherapeutic agents. Using DerSimonian Laird random-effect model, standardized mean differences 95% confidence intervals were estimated from pooled data. The protocol prospectively registered International Prospective Register Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42022355293). Results meta-analysis included 38 43 eligible review. Rats mice radiotherapy (ionizing radiations such as gamma- roentgen radiation radioactive iodine) or (methotrexate, paclitaxel, busulfan, cisplatin, doxorubicin, vinblastine, bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, Taxol, procarbazine, docetaxel, chlorambucil). According our meta-analysis, all outcomes significantly improved melatonin therapy, sperm quantity quality (count, motility, viability, normal morphology, number spermatogonia, Johnsen’s biopsy score, seminiferous tubular diameter, epithelial height), serum level reproductive hormones (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone testosterone), tissue markers (testicular malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione, caspase-3, total capacity), weight-related characteristics (absolute body, epididymis, testis, relative testis body weights). Most SYRCLE domains exhibited high risk bias studies. Also, significant heterogeneity small-study detected. Conclusion In male rodents, therapy related histopathology, hormones, weights, reduced levels tissues rodents. Future meticulous are recommended provide robust scientific backbone human applications. registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022355293 , identifier CRD42022355293.

Language: Английский

---

Age-related testosterone decline: mechanisms and intervention strategies

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Nov. 14, 2024

Contemporary societies exhibit delayed reproductive age and increased life expectancy. While the male system demonstrates relatively aging compared to that of females, increasing substantially impacts its function. A characteristic manifestation is age-induced testosterone decline. Testosterone, a crucial sex hormone, plays pivotal roles in spermatogenesis sexual function, contributes significantly metabolism, psychology, cardiovascular health. Aging exerts profound effects on hypothalamic-pituitary–gonadal axis Leydig cells, precipitating reduction, which adversely affects Exogenous supplementation can partially ameliorate age-related deficiency; however, long-term safety remains contentious. Preserving endogenous production capacity during process warrants further investigation as potential intervention strategy.

Language: Английский

---

Melatonin Protects Bovine Spermatozoa by Reinforcing Their Antioxidant Defenses

Animals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(20), P. 3219 - 3219

Published: Oct. 15, 2023

Cryopreserved semen is widely used in assisted reproductive techniques. Post-thawing spermatozoa endure oxidative stress due to the high levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which are produced during freezing/thawing process, depletion antioxidants. To counteract this depletion, supplementation sperm preparation medium with antioxidants has been applied. Melatonin a hormone diverse biological roles potent antioxidant, an ameliorative effect on spermatozoa. In present study, we assessed melatonin thawed bovine their handling. were incubated for 60 min presence or absence 100 μΜ melatonin. Also, was further challenged by addition hydrogen peroxide. Spermatozoa evaluated terms kinematic parameters (CASA), viability (trypan blue staining) antioxidant capacity (glutathione NBT assay, determination iNOS Western blot analysis). melatonin, presented better parameters, as percentage motile rapid higher group. They also status, determined increased cellular glutathione decreased protein levels.

Language: Английский

---

Melatonin Protects Bovine Spermatozoa by Reinforcing Their Antioxidant Defenses

Published: Sept. 6, 2023

Cryopreserved semen is widely used in Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) enabling the conservation and broad use of genetically superior semen. The quality post-thawing determines success ART despite great advances cryopreservation methods, frozen/thawed still sub-optimal. Post-thawing spermatozoa endure oxidative stress (OS) due to high levels reactive oxygen nitrogen species, which are produced during freezing/thawing process, depletion antioxidants. To counteract this depletion, supplementation sperm preparation medium with antioxidants has been applied. Melatonin a hormone diverse biological roles potent antioxidant, an ameliorative effect on spermatozoa. In present study, melatonin bovine was evaluated vitro handling under conditions terms parameters antioxidant capacity. (100 μΜ) improved kinematic spermatozoa, enhanced viability reinforced status by increasing cellular GSH inhibiting iNOS protein expression.

Language: Английский

---