Risk assessment for Birds and Mammals

EFSA Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Large‐scale movement patterns in a social vulture are influenced by seasonality, sex, and breeding region

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Quantifying space use and segregation, as well the extrinsic intrinsic factors affecting them, is crucial to increase our knowledge of species-specific movement ecology design effective management conservation measures. This particularly relevant in case species that are highly mobile dependent on sparse unpredictable trophic resources, such vultures. Here, we used GPS-tagged data 127 adult Griffon Vultures Gyps fulvus captured at five different breeding regions Spain describe patterns (home-range size fidelity, monthly cumulative distance). We also examined how individual sex, season, region determined distance traveled overlap between consecutive home-ranges. Overall, exhibited very large annual home-range sizes 5027 ± 2123 km2, mean distances 1776 1497 km, showed a fidelity 67.8 25.5%. However, individuals from northern smaller home-ranges shorter than those southern ones. In all cases, were larger spring summer winter autumn, which could be related difference flying conditions food requirements associated with reproduction. Moreover, females less males, indicating latter tended similar areas throughout year. results indicate both modulate Vulture spatial segregation depends sex season level, without differences site fidelity. These have important implications for conservation, identifying key threat necessary improve actions policy decisions.Cuantificar el uso y la segregación del espacio, así como los factores extrínsecos e intrínsecos que afectan, es para aumentar nuestro conocimiento de ecología movimientos cada especie diseñar medidas eficaces gestión conservación. Esto especialmente relevante en caso especies con gran movilidad dependientes recursos tróficos escasos impredecibles, son buitres. En este trabajo se utilizaron datos GPS buitres leonados adultos capturados cinco regiones cría diferentes España describir patrones movimiento (tamaño fidelidad área campeo distancia acumulada mensual). También examinamos cómo sexo, estación año región determinaban recorrida tamaño solapamiento entre áreas mensuales consecutivas. conjunto, mostraron un anual muy extensa una mensual media km al Sin embargo, individuos las más septentrionales pequeñas recorrieron distancias cortas meridionales. todos casos, fueron mayores primavera verano otoño invierno, lo podría estar relacionado diferencias condiciones vuelo necesidades tróficas asociadas reproducción. Además, hembras menor machos, indica estos últimos tienden utilizar zonas similares durante todo año. nuestros resultados indican tanto modulan buitre leonado espacial depende sexo nivel individual, sin existan relevantes cuanto lugar. Estos podrían tener importantes implicaciones conservación, identificación principales necesarios mejorar decisiones políticas.

---

Going Batty: The Challenges and Opportunities of Using Drones to Monitor the Behaviour and Habitat Use of Rays

Drones, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 12 - 12

Published: Feb. 2, 2021

The way an animal behaves in its habitat provides insight into ecological role. As such, collecting robust, accurate datasets a time-efficient manner is ever-present pressure for the field of behavioural ecology. Faced with shortcomings and physical limitations traditional ground-based data collection techniques, particularly marine studies, drones offer low-cost efficient approach range coastal environments. Despite being widely used to monitor animals, they currently remain underutilised ray research. innovative application environmental studies has presented novel opportunities observation assessment, although this emerging faces substantial challenges. we consider possibility rays using drones, face challenges related local aviation regulations, weather environment, as well sensor platform limitations. Promising solutions continue be developed, however, growing potential drone-based monitoring behaviour use rays. While barriers enter may appear daunting researchers little experience technology becoming increasingly accessible, helping obtain wide highly useful data.

Language: Английский

---

Global positioning with animal‐borne pressure sensors

Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 1104 - 1117

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

Abstract Over the past decades, tracking technologies have become more ubiquitous and helped uncover crucial spatiotemporal relationships in nature. In order to apply these small animals reduce any potential adverse impact of devices, geopositioning methodologies compatible with lightweight devices are highly sought after. Measured by geolocators, atmospheric pressure provides an untapped opportunity for global geopositioning, as its natural temporal variation is unique each location. this study, we estimate position birds comparing data recorded geolocator reference from a weather reanalysis database. The method produces likelihood map based on (1) mask locations which ground‐level elevation matches measured (2) mismatch between time series dataset. This new introduced step applied 16 tracks nine long‐ short‐distance migrant species. Using known positions double‐tagged individuals (light data), demonstrate that our almost three times accurate than light‐based positioning average error 44 km trials. contrast traditional approach, geolocation can provide useful information short stationary periods (less day) not affected equinox problem nor shading effects due or animal behaviour. To facilitate application method, developed R package GeoPressureR , together user guide GeopressureManual starting code GeoPressureTemplate . use sensors has widespread thanks combination both affordable (<0.4 g) device precisely accurately. particular, such now be short‐distant migrants (>100 km), forest‐dwelling species, nocturnal altitudinal migrants.

Language: Английский

---

Advancing exposure assessment approaches to improve wildlife risk assessment

Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(3), P. 674 - 698

Published: Jan. 23, 2023

The exposure assessment component of a Wildlife Ecological Risk Assessment aims to estimate the magnitude, frequency, and duration chemical or environmental contaminant, along with characteristics exposed population. This can be challenging in wildlife as there is often high uncertainty error caused by broad-based, interspecific extrapolation assumptions because lack data. Both US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have broadly directed assessments include estimates quantity (dose concentration), contaminant interest while considering "all relevant factors." ambiguity inclusion exclusion specific factors (e.g., individual species-specific biology, diet, proportion time treated contaminated area) significantly influence overall risk characterization. In this review, we identify four discrete categories complexity that should considered an assessment-chemical, environmental, organismal, ecological. These may require more data, but degree at all stages critical moving beyond screening-level methods suffer from conservatism realism. We demonstrate are many existing emerging scientific tools cross-cutting solutions for tackling complexity. To foster greater application these assessments, present new framework assessors construct "exposure matrix." Using three case studies, illustrate how matrix better inform, integrate, transparently communicate important elements realism wildlife. Modernizing long overdue will improved collaboration, data sharing, standardized scenarios, communication uncertainty, postregulatory tracking. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:674-698. © 2023 SETAC.

Language: Английский

---

Landscape Genetics of Plants: Challenges and Opportunities

Plant Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 1(6), P. 100100 - 100100

Published: July 20, 2020

Dispersal is one of the most important but least understood processes in plant ecology and evolutionary biology. seeds maintains establishes populations, pollen seed dispersal are responsible for gene flow within among populations. Traditional views assume models that governed solely by geographic distance do not account variation vector behavior response to heterogenous landscapes. Landscape genetics integrates population with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) evaluate effects landscape features on patterns (effective dispersal). Surprisingly, relatively few genetic studies have been conducted plants. Plants present advantages because their populations stationary, allowing more reliable estimates effective rates. On other hand, intrinsically complex it depends habitat preferences its vectors. We discuss strategies assess separate contributions movement delineate quality from those affect behavior. Preliminary analyses three species indicate isolation resistance a better predictor rates than distance. Rates lower areas high quality, which may be due shape kernel or behaviors biotic plants potential provide novel insights into process improve our understanding abiotic vectors heterogeneous

Language: Английский

---

BirdFlow: Learning seasonal bird movements from eBird data

Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 923 - 938

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

Abstract Large‐scale monitoring of seasonal animal movement is integral to science, conservation and outreach. However, gathering representative data across entire species ranges frequently intractable. Citizen science databases collect millions observations throughout the year, but it challenging infer individual behaviour solely from observational data. We present BirdFlow , a probabilistic modelling framework that draws on citizen eBird database model population flows migratory birds. apply 11 North American birds, using GPS satellite tracking tune evaluate performance. show models can accurately directly relative abundance estimates. Supplementing with sample wild birds improves Researchers extract number behavioural inferences results, including migration routes, timing, connectivity forecasts. The has potential advance ecology research, boost insights gained direct studies serve applied functions in conservation, disease surveillance, aviation public

Language: Английский

---

Performance of GPS/GPRS tracking devices improves with increased fix interval and is not affected by animal deployment

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. e0265541 - e0265541

Published: March 30, 2022

The use of GPS tracking technologies has revolutionized the study animal movement providing unprecedentedly detailed information. characterization accuracy and precision under different conditions is essential to correctly identify spatial temporal resolution at which studies can be conducted. Here, we examined influence fix acquisition interval device deployment on performance a new GPS/GSM solar powered device. Horizontal vertical locations were obtained intervals (1min, 20 min 60 min) in stationary test. test devices deployed pre-fledgling white storks ( Ciconia ciconia ) quantified after while controlling for bias caused by variation habitat, topography, movement. We also assessed GPS-Error , metric provided device, identifying inaccurate (> 10 m). Average horizontal varied between 3.4 6.5 m, 4.9 9.7 high (1 low frequency (60 intervals. These values similar storks. Over 84% positions 71% had less than 10m error accuracy. Removing 3% data with highest eliminated over 99% intervals, but this was not effective confirmed suitability these requiring accuracies 5-10m. For higher data, intensive should used, requires more sophisticated battery management, or larger batteries devices.

Language: Английский

---

Toward a decade of ocean science for sustainable development through acoustic animal tracking

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(19), P. 5630 - 5653

Published: Aug. 5, 2022

Abstract The ocean is a key component of the Earth's dynamics, providing great variety ecosystem services to humans. Yet, human activities are globally changing its structure and major components, including marine biodiversity. In this context, United Nations has proclaimed Decade Ocean Science for Sustainable Development tackle scientific challenges necessary sustainable use by means Goal 14 (SDG14). Here, we review how Acoustic animal Tracking, widely distributed methodology tracking biodiversity with electronic devices, can provide roadmap implementing Actions achieve SDG14. We show that acoustic be used reduce monitor effects pollution noise, light, plastic pollution. effectively responses human‐made infrastructures habitat restoration, as well determine hypoxia, warming, acidification. been historically inform fisheries management, design protected areas, detection essential habitats, rendering technique particularly attractive fishing spatial protection target goals Finally, contribute end illegal, unreported, unregulated tools against poachers promote development Small Islands Developing States developing countries. To fully benefit from supporting SDG14 Targets, trans‐boundary collaborative efforts through networks required information sharing literacy. therefore propose relevant contributors promoted Nations.

Language: Английский

---

Connectivity between countries established by landbirds and raptors migrating along the African–Eurasian flyway

Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 37(1)

Published: Sept. 8, 2022

The conservation of long-distance migratory birds requires coordination between the multiple countries connected by movements these species. recent expansion tracking studies is shedding new light on movements, but much this information fragmented and inaccessible to practitioners policy makers. We synthesized current knowledge connectivity established landbirds raptors migrating along African-Eurasian flyway. reviewed compile migration records for 1229 individual birds, from which we derived 544 links, each link corresponding a species' connection breeding country in Europe nonbreeding sub-Saharan Africa. used links analyze trends over time spatial patterns per (across species), species countries), at flyway scale all species). number available increased steadily since 2010 (particularly landbirds), coverage existing data was highly incomplete. An average 7.5% landbird 14.6% raptor were tracked country. More existed central western European countries, it biased toward larger bodied provide species- country-level syntheses identified studies, involving 123 populations 43 species, 28 African countries. Several (e.g., Spain, Poland, Ethiopia, Democratic Republic Congo) are strategic priorities future complement data, particularly landbirds. Despite limitations our results can inform discussions under 2 key instruments scale: Migratory Landbirds Action Plan Memorandum Understanding Conservation Birds Prey Africa Eurasia.Conectividad entre países establecida por aves terrestres y rapaces que migran través del corredor aéreo africano-euroasiático Resumen La conservación de las grandes distancias requiere una coordinación los varios conectados movimientos estas especies. expansión reciente estudios rastreo está descubriendo novedades en estos movimientos, aunque gran parte esta información fragmentada es inaccesible para quienes practican elaboran políticas conservación. Sintetizamos el conocimiento actual sobre la conectividad africano-euroasiático. Revisamos compilar registros migratorios aves, cuales derivamos conexiones migratorias, con cada conexión correspondiendo tiene especie un país europeo donde se reproduce África subsahariana no reproduce. Usamos migratorias analizar tendencias informativas patrones espaciales temporales (en todas especies), todos países) escala especies países). El número disponibles incrementó gradualmente partir (particularmente terrestres), pero cobertura datos existentes estaba incompleta. Se rastreó promedio país. Existían más centro oeste Europa, estaban sesgados hacia mayor tamaño. Proporcionamos varias síntesis nivel identificamos revisión estudios, involucran poblaciones europeos africanos. Varios países, como España, Polonia, Etiopía República Democrática Congo son prioridades estratégicas complementar siguientes rastreo, especial terrestres. A pesar limitaciones tienen existentes, nuestros resultados pueden orientar discusiones dos instrumentos claves políticas: Acción Aves Terrestres Migratorias Africanas-Euroasiáticas Memorando Entendimiento Conservación Rapaces Eurasia.《世界自然保护联盟 (IUCN) 红色名录》设定的标准是评估物种灭绝风险以及在适当的情况下宣布生物灭绝的黄金标准。然而, 与所有其它濒危等级不同的是, “灭绝”等级缺乏一个确定该等级的量化框架。鉴于划分这个等级存在主观性, 我们访问调查了研究多种类群的专家评估员, 以探究他们宣布物种灭绝时考虑的因素。本研究利用选择实验的方法, 调查了来自世界自然保护联盟物种生存委员会专家组和工作组的 674 名专家。我们发现, 在推断物种灭绝时, 数据可获得性、距离最后一次发现的时间、可监测性、栖息地可获得性和种群下降情况都是评估者关注的重要属性。曾参与红色名录工作的受访者在分析物种灭绝时, 更重视数据可获得性、距离最后一次发现的时间和可监测性, 而那些研究人们认识较多的类群的受访者则更重视距离最后一次发现的时间。没有参与过红色名录工作的受访者和研究人们认识较多的类群 (即哺乳动物和鸟类) 的受访者总体上更少考虑物种灭绝的问题。以上关于评估者对宣布物种灭绝影响因素的重视程度的结果, 可以为制定更准确地评估物种灭绝的具体标准提供依据。 【翻译: 胡怡思; 审校: 聂永刚】.

---