Modern Strategies to Assess and Breed Forest Tree Adaptation to Changing Climate

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Oct. 21, 2020

Studying the genetics of adaptation to new environments in ecologically and industrially important tree species is currently a major research line fields plant science genetic improvement for tolerance abiotic stress. Exploring genomic basis local imperative assessing conditions under which trees will successfully adapt situ global climate change. However, this knowledge has scarcely been used conservation forest because woody perennials face limitations such as their outcrossing reproductive systems, long juvenile phase, huge genome sizes. Therefore, review we discuss predictive approaches that promise increasing selection accuracy shortening generation intervals. They may also assist detection novel allelic variants from germplasm, disclose potential different environments. For instance, natural populations allow using tools population genomics field study signatures adaptation. Conventional markers whole sequencing both help identifying genes diverge between more than expected neutrality, exhibit unique diversity indicative 'selective sweeps'. Ultimately, these efforts inform breeding status capable pivoting health, ecosystem services, sustainable production. Key long-term perspectives include understanding how trees' phylogeographic history affect adaptive relevant variation available environmental Encouraging 'big data' (machine learning –ML) comprehensively merging heterogeneous ecological datasets becomes imperative, too.

Language: Английский

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Harnessing Crop Wild Diversity for Climate Change Adaptation

Genes, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 783 - 783

Published: May 20, 2021

Warming and drought are reducing global crop production with a potential to substantially worsen malnutrition. As the green revolution in last century, plant genetics may offer concrete opportunities increase yield adaptability. However, rate at which threat is happening requires powering new strategies order meet food demand. In this review, we highlight major recent ‘big data’ developments from both empirical theoretical genomics that speed up identification, conservation, breeding of exotic elite varieties feed humans. We first emphasize bottlenecks capture utilize novel sources variation abiotic stress (i.e., heat drought) tolerance. argue adaptation wild relatives dry environments could be informative on how phenotypes react drier climate because natural selection has already tested more options than humans ever will. Because isolated pockets cryptic diversity still persist remote semi-arid regions, encourage habitat-based population-guided collections for genebanks. continue discussing systematically study tolerance these landraces using geo-referencing extensive environmental data. By uncovering genes underlie adaptive trait, introgressed into cultivars. unlocking genetic hidden related species early remains challenge complex traits that, as tolerance, polygenic regulated by many low-effect genes). Therefore, finish prospecting modern analytical approaches will serve overcome issue. Concretely, genomic prediction, machine learning, multi-trait gene editing, all innovative alternatives accurate pre- efforts toward adaptability yield, while matching future demands face increased drought. succeed, advocate trans-disciplinary approach open-source data long-term funding. The perspectives discussed throughout review ultimately aim contribute waves events.

Language: Английский

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Predicting Thermal Adaptation by Looking Into Populations’ Genomic Past

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Sept. 25, 2020

Molecular evolution offers an insightful theory to interpret the genomic consequences of thermal adaptation previous events climate change beyond range shifts. However, disentangling often mixed footprints selective and demographic processes from those due lineage sorting, recombination rate variation constrains is not trivial. Therefore, here we condense current historical population tools study adaptation, outline key developments (genomic-prediction, machine-learning) that might assist their utilization for improving forecasts populations' responses variation. We start by summarizing how recent thermal-driven can be inferred coalescent methods, in turn quantitative genetic suitable multi-trait predictions over a few generations via breeder's equation. later assume enough have passed as display signatures divergent selection variation, describe these reconstructed using genome-wide association scans, or alternatively, may used forward prediction multiple under infinitesimal model. Finally, move deeper time comprehend shifts at evolutionary scale relying on phylogeographic approaches allow reticulate ecological parapatric speciation, end envisioning potential modern machine learning techniques better inform long-term predictions. conclude foreseeing future adaptive requires bridging spatial scales predictive environmental research cohesive such frameworks.

Language: Английский

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Allelic Diversity at Abiotic Stress Responsive Genes in Relationship to Ecological Drought Indices for Cultivated Tepary Bean, Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray, and Its Wild Relatives

Genes, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 556 - 556

Published: April 12, 2021

Some of the major impacts climate change are expected in regions where drought stress is already an issue. Grain legumes generally susceptible. However, tepary bean and its wild relatives within Phaseolus acutifolius or P. parvifolius from arid areas between Mexico United States. Therefore, we hypothesize that these accessions have diversity signals indicative adaptation to at key candidate genes such as: Asr2, Dreb2B, ERECTA. By sequencing alleles comparing estimates tolerance indices data for collection site geo-referenced, accessions, determined genotype x environmental association (GEA) each gene. Diversity analysis found cultivated were intermingled with var. tenuifolius parvifolius, signifying allele was ample clade over a broad sense (sensu lato) evaluation. Genes Dreb2B ERECTA harbored signatures directional selection, represented by six SNPs correlated indices. This suggests reservoir novel tolerance, as species originated environments. Our study corroborated gene approach effective marker validation across genetic base accessions.

Language: Английский

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Has the IPCC’s revised vulnerability concept been well adopted?

AMBIO, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 52(2), P. 376 - 389

Published: Nov. 21, 2022

Abstract In the Third and Fourth Assessment Reports (TAR AR4, respectively) by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), vulnerability is conceived as a function of exposure, sensitivity, adaptive capacity. However, in its Special Report Managing Risks Extreme Events Disasters to Advance Adaptation (SREX) Fifth (AR5), IPCC redefined separated it reconceptualized be sensitivity capacity cope adapt. this review, we found that IPCC’s revised concept has not been well adopted researchers’ preference, possible misinterpretation, confusion, unawareness are among technical practical reasons. Among issues need further clarification from whether or such reconceptualization SREX/AR5 necessarily implies nullification TAR/AR4 far concerned.

Language: Английский

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Climate Change Responses of High-Elevation Polylepis Forests

Forests, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 811 - 811

Published: May 4, 2024

The high mountain forests on Earth are characterized by sharp environmental heterogeneity, species endemism, and unique phenotypic adaptations. Yet, global warming is jeopardizing this ecosystem as no other some may have nowhere to go beyond the mountain’s summits. One of most human-endangered high-elevation ecosystems Polylepis forest. Despite its vulnerability, forecasting climate reactions in distinctive forest type remains a formidable challenge. Therefore, study, we modeled change responses allopatric sericea P. quadrijuga (Rosaceae) northern Andes. analysis took into account VIF-prioritized bioclimatic variables for near-to-present future (2081–2100 MPI-ESM1-2-HR) conditions. Model selection was carried out following AUC scores 12 MaxEnt six machine learning algorithms. Predictive power reached 0.97 MaxEnt’s model fc.H_rm.1 (H-1). Results indicate moderate vulnerability sericea, with 29% loss area trailing edge, due period 2081–2100. On hand, likely experience even larger distribution losses, up 99%, same period. findings study suggest that quadrijuga, compared exhibits restricted ability maintain corresponding habitat requirements face climatic change. Higher niche specialization environmentally heterogeneous Eastern Cordillera contrasts more generalist nature topographically less complex Central Cordillera. In addition change, trend be exacerbated detrimental effects agriculture, mining, an expanding rural population, which represent significant human-driven pressures yet Andean highlands. based previous studies, historical population dynamics during past glacial cycles suggests range shifts could play role at deeper time scales than previously forecasted species’ reaction Additionally, able endure current locations via local adaptation plasticity, major drivers variation long-lived trees, counteracting scenario under conservatism hypothesis. Ultimately, modeling procedure employed provides insights potential 70 years from now. Oncoming studies consider alternative inherent gene pool interaction edaphic biotic agents. We advocate application comparable estimations tree communities found line.

Language: Английский

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A study of páramo plant-pollinator interactions on the sky islands of Colombia: specialization, modularity, and species roles

Alpine Botany, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Language: Английский

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Current hydroclimatic spaces will be breached in half of the world’s humid high-elevation tropical ecosystems

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: March 12, 2025

Abstract Humid high-elevation tropical ecosystems (HETEs), known as páramos, jalca, or moorlands, are essential for biodiversity conservation and water supply. Yet, a key question remains of how future climate change will affect their hydroclimatic spaces: the multidimensional conditions in which they currently thrive. We use CMIP6-downscaled data to assess potential breaching these spaces concerning long-term means, extremes, seasonality temperature precipitation. Our results show that HETEs Northern South America experience largest increase decrease precipitation, leading current space by up 100%. In Afrotropics Australasia, related means extremes. findings provide relevant information on vulnerability change, offering insights inform integration adaptation measures into policy development management strategies conserving services.

Language: Английский

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The ghost of past climate acting on present‐day plant diversity: Lessons from a climate‐based delimitation of the tropical alpine ecosystem

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 62(2), P. 275 - 290

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Abstract Habitat stability is important for maintaining biodiversity by preventing species extinction, but this being challenged climate change. The tropical alpine ecosystem currently one of the ecosystems most threatened global warming, and flora close to permanent snow line at high risk extinction. ecosystem, found in South Central America, Malesia Papuasia, Africa, Hawaii, relatively young evolutionary age, it has been exposed changing climates since its origin, particularly during Pleistocene. Estimating habitat loss gain between Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) present allows us relate current past changes stability. In order do so, (i) we developed a unifying climate‐based delimitation regions across continents, (ii) used assess degree stability, that is, overlap suitable areas LGM present, different regions. Finally, discuss link plant diversity. Our approach can be easily applied other using our code, facilitating macro‐comparative studies dynamics through time.

Language: Английский

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Inheritance of Rootstock Effects in Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cv. Hass

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Dec. 23, 2020

Grafting is typically utilized to merge adapted seedling rootstocks with highly productive clonal scions. This process implies the interaction of multiple genomes produce a unique tree phenotype. However, interconnection both genotypes obscures individual contributions phenotypic variation (rootstock-mediated heritability), hampering breeding. Therefore, our goal was quantify inheritance rootstock effects on scion traits using avocado ( Persea americana Mill.) cv. Hass as model fruit tree. We characterized 240 diverse from 8 orchards similar management in three regions province Antioquia, northwest Andes Colombia, 13 microsatellite markers simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Parallel this, we recorded 20 (including morphological, biomass/reproductive, and yield quality traits) scions for 3 years (2015–2017). Relatedness among inferred through genetic inputted “genetic prediction” calculate narrow-sense heritabilities h 2 ) traits. used different randomization tests highlight consistently significant heritability estimates. strategy allowed us capture five values that ranged 0.33 0.45 fits r oscillated between 0.58 0.73 across orchards. The results showed significance four complex harvest (i.e., total number fruits, fruits exportation quality, discarded because low weight or thrips damage), whereas only morphological trait had value overall trunk height (an emergent property rootstock–scion interaction). These findings suggest effects, beyond root phenotype, surprisingly wide spectrum “Hass” avocado. They also reinforce utility polymorphic SSRs relatedness reconstruction prediction research is, up date, most cohesive evidence tropical crop. Ultimately, work highlights importance considering broaden basis breeding programs while enhancing understanding consequences grafting.

Language: Английский

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