Environmentally relevant concentrations of triclocarban affect behaviour, learning, and brain gene expression in fish

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 903, P. 166717 - 166717

Published: Aug. 30, 2023

Language: Английский

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Identifying impactful sea turtle conservation strategies: a mismatch between most influential and most readily manageable life-stages

Endangered Species Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 54, P. 15 - 27

Published: March 11, 2024

Sea turtles worldwide face a range of threats including sea level rise and warming associated with climate change, predation by invasive species, plastic light pollution, coastal development, human interference. Conservation managers have long history aiding turtle populations, from protecting nests to head-starting hatchlings. Due these challenges faced turtles, there is constant focus on assessing the likely success proposed conservation interventions help inform decision-making processes. We develop an age-based, spatially implicit population model for north-west shelf stock Australia’s endemic flatback Natator depressus that estimates long-term outcomes onshore offshore interventions. Analysis shows young adults contribute most growth (i.e. highest expected future reproductive success); however, this often difficult life stage manipulate in field. Observable are delayed many years, especially shore activities (e.g. eggs hatchlings), due late age maturity. The potential impact warming-induced female bias dynamics was also investigated. Although such increases rates short term, negative effects reduced mating success) environmental survival rates, habitat loss) can lead sustained declines. Population models rapidly assess change impacts guide monitoring efforts real-world application.

Language: Английский

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Boldness predicts foraging behaviour, habitat use and chick growth in a central place marine predator

Oecologia, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 205(1), P. 135 - 147

Published: May 1, 2024

Abstract Animal personality can shape individual’s fitness. Yet, the mechanistic relationship by which traits lead to variations in fitness remains largely underexplored. Here, we used novel object tests measure boldness of chick-provisioning Cory’s shearwaters ( Calonectris borealis ) from a coastal colony off west Portugal, and deployed GPS loggers study their at-sea behaviour distribution. We then tested whether predicts individual differences adult’s trophic ecology chick growth, assess potential implications personality-specific foraging behaviours. Foraging effort was higher for shyer than bolder individuals, which, during short forays, exhibited larger ranges, foraged regions more variable bathymetry. This suggests that nearby individuals expanded area maximize resource acquisition increase probability success. When endeavouring longer distances, comparably shorter ranges targeted low bathymetry regions, likely with enhanced prey availability, while much indicating greater flexibility when oceanic realms. Despite such between isotopic niches were similar. chicks raised parents grew at faster rate those parents. Together, our results suggest strategies could play key role through may influence breeding performance, even have similar preferences.

Language: Английский

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Adrenal response to competitive singing: glucocorticoid metabolites in male Saltator similis (Aves, Thraupidae)

Conservation Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Song competitions involving passerines, such as the Green-winged Saltator (Saltator similis), are legally permitted in Brazil and attract widespread participation. This study aimed to assess adrenal response male S. similis by comparing glucocorticoid metabolite (GCM) levels uro-faecal extract samples collected during three with those from a rest day (3 days before competition, D-3), competition (D-1), of (D0) after (D1). Simultaneously, we examined potential variation GCM among other males not engaged song but subjected ex situ conditions much like participating males. were measured using direct enzyme immunoassay (EIA, CJM006), which was physiologically (ACTH challenge) analytically validated (parallelism, accuracy precision tests) for species under study. The results indicated that average concentration lower group (33.43 ± 22.09 ng/g) compared control (70.09 29.45 ng/g; P = 0.01). However, concentrations spiked significantly on (D0: 38.29 26.12 (D-3: 28.64 17.86 0.02), suggesting acute stress response. Given elevated observed competitions, further research is necessary confirm welfare these birds explore long-term effects stressors.

Language: Английский

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Innovation, Inhibition and Flexibility in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)

American Journal of Primatology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 87(4)

Published: March 30, 2025

ABSTRACT Innovation is a key component of behavioral flexibility. When individuals are presented with novel problems, their ability to behave flexibly often relies upon exploratory tendencies, motivational states and intrinsic traits. Studies repeated innovation pose additional benefits understand mechanisms flexibility, including measuring persistence, exploration inhibitory control when learned solutions blocked. The multi‐access box (MAB) paradigm tests without prior training minimal habituation. We tested fifty adult captive female rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta ) MAB evaluate the role individual traits on explore relationship between responses innovation. found that diversity positively predicted innovation, as has been reported for previous studies. also such age personality influenced where younger those scored high nervousness had higher scores. However, we did not find any Our study provides first assessment in using design highlights importance this species.

Language: Английский

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Personality predicts song complexity in superb fairy-wrens

Royal Society Open Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

In birds, singing behaviours play a critical role in mating and territory defence. Although birdsong can signal individual quality personality, very few studies have explored the relationship between personality song characteristics, none has investigated this females. Here, we examined relationships complexity two ecologically relevant traits (exploration aggressiveness) wild superb fairy-wrens ( Malurus cyaneus ), species which both sexes learn to produce complex songs. First, assessed males females (including juveniles) by quantifying their exploration behaviour (novel environment test) aggressiveness (mirror stimulation during short-term captivity. After birds were released, recorded songs over several months assess variation (i.e. element types per syllables song) relation personality. Regardless of sex or life stage, individuals that more exploratory had song. Additionally, aggressive produced with fewer syllables, fledglings, but not adults, Our study supports idea male female advertise when singing, may be important for mate choice.

Language: Английский

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Integrating Personality and Thermal Physiology Traits in a Specialist Liolaemus Lizard: Is There a Syndrome?

Ethology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 24, 2025

ABSTRACT Physiological mechanisms underlie behavioural responses that have important implications for individual fitness. While personality variation is well established in reptiles, the underlying physiological are less understood. Studies on lizards yielded mixed results regarding relationships between traits and parameters, with syndromes, particularly connection physiology, remaining largely unexplored. We assessed relationship thermal Liolaemus multimaculatus , considering sex as an intervening factor. Exploration boldness were compared familiar novel substrates, we correlations preference locomotor performance. found no repeatability any of studied, contrast to performance which exhibited high repeatability. Our do not support occurrence a syndrome, correlation was exploration. Exploratory behaviour differed substrates sexes, females being more exploratory than males. More explorative individuals, females, enhanced at lower temperatures, revealing inverse within observed thermal‐behavioural type. Intersexual differences lizard can be attributed both ecological pressures mechanisms. Intraspecific syndromes increase species' niche, potentially favouring its adaptability environmental change. Previous studies independently explored pressures. However, comprehensive understanding how these interact influence outcomes remains elusive.

Language: Английский

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Stress-coping styles are associated with energy budgets and variability in energy management strategies in a capital breeder

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 292(2046)

Published: May 1, 2025

Individuals vary in their stress-coping styles, characterized by specific behavioural and physiological traits that influence response to stressors. Theory suggests these are linked underlying metabolic mechanisms affect energy management strategies. Despite the potential of this powerful comparative approach, few studies have explored how styles relate Using heart rate telemetry data from a large, capital-breeding pinniped, grey seal ( Halichoerus grypus ), we sought investigate relationship (via individual resting variability, rHRV) may on Background expenditures, proxy for other background processes, daily expenditures were found be individually repeatable mothers across successive breeding seasons. Proactive individuals (low exhibited consistently higher than reactive females (high rHRV). However, phenotypes more variable overall strategy, highlighting greater flexibility strategy. Our results highlight key energetic trade-offs associated with during short but critical life-history stage; proactive tended exhibit single pattern management, expending while incurring risk over-spending, those phenotype.

Language: Английский

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The Function of Melanin‐Based Colour Polymorphism in Cattle, Sheep and Goats

Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 38(3)

Published: May 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Natural selection has rarely promoted the evolution of colour polymorphism in wild mammals. However, it is more common domestic mammals due to artificial selection. For this reason, domestication could provide valuable insights into mechanisms underlying diversity. This raises question whether associations between coat and other phenotypes animals are similar those free‐living animals. Our literature review cows, goats sheep suggests that these can differ not only species but also within breeds. pattern holds for all traits we considered: morphology, behaviour, physiology, reproduction, milk production parasitism. The consistent association found was attraction flies towards dark‐coloured cows. relationships same morph, cortisol thermoregulation varied across environments, suggesting a possible condition‐dependent expression multiple traits. We conclude may lead different integration compared living wild. Therefore, variation always serve functional roles as does ones.

Language: Английский

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Glucocorticoid metabolites in an ex situ nocturnal bird, the tropical screech owl Megascops choliba: effects of sex, activity period and inter-individual variation

Conservation Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Glucocorticoids mediate physiological processes to obtain energy, presenting daily variation in basal levels that may be related behavioural activity pattern. Identification of plasticity the secretion these hormones is essential understand their effects on physiology and behaviour wild birds and, therefore, success natural or artificial environment. Serial endocrine evaluations are facilitated by implementing non-invasive methodologies minimize possible manipulation animal's variables. However, endocrine-behavioural studies nocturnal birds, such as owls, immature. The present work aimed validate an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) quantify glucocorticoid metabolites (MGC) Megascops choliba well evaluate differences production at individual, sexual level. We recorded nine owls during three continuous days establish budget under captive conditions aiming correlate with MGC variation. EIA proved effective analytical assays pharmacological testing synthetic ACTH, validating this for species. Additionally, individual were confirmed relation time day, especially 1700 2100, but not sex. During night hours, showed greater activity, positively values. Higher concentrations significantly expressions active behaviours, maintenance, while lower moments higher alertness resting. results presented show inversed Our findings can aid future theoretical rhythm challenging and/or disturbing situations result changes hormonal cascades ex situ populations owls.

Language: Английский

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