Wicked Problems in Public Policy

Springer eBooks, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Trophic rewilding can expand natural climate solutions

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 324 - 333

Published: March 27, 2023

Language: Английский

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The last continuous grasslands on Earth: Identification and conservation importance

Conservation Science and Practice, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4(3)

Published: Jan. 20, 2022

Abstract Grasslands are the most threatened and least protected biome. Yet, no study has been conducted to identify last remaining continuous grasslands on Earth. Here, we used World Wildlife Fund (WWF) International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classifications measure degree intactness world's grassland ecoregions. This analysis revealed three findings critical conservation importance. First, only a few large, intact remain. Second, every continent with ecoregion considered in this contains at one relatively ecoregion. Third, largest identified have persisted despite centuries anthropogenic pressures best chance withstand 21st century global change. We discuss how these regions importance efforts under anthropogenically driven They provide essential ecosystem services, play an important role mitigating effects climate change, serve as repositories biodiversity, foundational continental migration pathways, hold unique cultural heritage, people's livelihoods depend upon their persistence.

Language: Английский

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Earth at risk: An urgent call to end the age of destruction and forge a just and sustainable future

PNAS Nexus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(4)

Published: March 28, 2024

Human development has ushered in an era of converging crises: climate change, ecological destruction, disease, pollution, and socioeconomic inequality. This review synthesizes the breadth these interwoven emergencies underscores urgent need for comprehensive, integrated action. Propelled by imperialism, extractive capitalism, a surging population, we are speeding past Earth's material limits, destroying critical ecosystems, triggering irreversible changes biophysical systems that underpin Holocene climatic stability which fostered human civilization. The consequences actions disproportionately borne vulnerable populations, further entrenching global inequities. Marine terrestrial biomes face tipping points, while escalating challenges to food water access foreshadow bleak outlook security. Against this backdrop Earth at risk, call response centered on decarbonization, fostering reciprocity with nature, implementing regenerative practices natural resource management. We elimination detrimental subsidies, promotion equitable development, transformative financial support lower income nations. A paradigm shift must occur replaces exploitative, wealth-oriented capitalism economic model prioritizes sustainability, resilience, justice. advocate cultural elevates kinship nature communal well-being, underpinned recognition finite resources interconnectedness its inhabitants. imperative is clear: navigate away from precipice, collectively harness political will, resources, societal values steer toward future where progress does not come cost integrity social equity.

Language: Английский

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Accounting for functionality in the identification of global conservation priorities: promises and pitfalls

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 380(1917)

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Whereas preventing species extinctions remains a central objective of conservation efforts, it must be complemented by the long-term preservation functional ecosystems and benefits humans derive from them. Here, I review recent approaches that explicitly account for functionality in setting large-scale priorities, discussing their promise while highlighting challenges pitfalls. Crossing data on species' distributions ecological traits has enabled mapping global patterns diversity rarity identification stand out distinctiveness. However, priorities identified through these general indices do not directly address ecosystem functionality, instead, they are methods ensuring representation individual as intrinsically valuable biodiversity elements. Three other integrate into taking specific context each ecosystem, site or species: International Union Conservation Nature's Red List Ecosystems, Key Biodiversity Areas Green Status Species. Currently at various stages development, testing implementation, playing an increasingly important role definition, implementation monitoring global- national-scale strategies to ensure persistence functions associated services.This article is part discussion meeting issue 'Bending curve towards nature recovery: building Georgina Mace's legacy biodiverse future'.

Language: Английский

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Indigenous lands in protected areas have high forest integrity across the tropics

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(22), P. 4949 - 4956.e3

Published: Oct. 26, 2022

Intact tropical forests have a high conservation value.1Watson J.E.M. Evans T. Venter O. Williams B. Tulloch A. Stewart C. Thompson I. Ray J.C. Murray K. Salazar et al.The exceptional value of intact forest ecosystems.Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2018; 2: 599-610https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0490-xCrossref PubMed Scopus (568) Google Scholar Although perceived as wild,2Fletcher M.-S. Hamilton R. Dressler W. Palmer L. Indigenous knowledge and the shackles wilderness.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2021; 118 (e2022218118)https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022218118Crossref (87) they been under long-term human influence.3Roberts P. Hunt Arroyo-Kalin M. D. Boivin N. The deep prehistory global its relevance for modern conservation.Nat. Plants. 2017; 3: 17093https://doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2017.93Crossref (90) As area-based targets increase, ecological contributions peoples through their governance institutions practices4Dawson N.M. Coolsaet Sterling E.J. Loveridge Gross-Camp N.D. Wongbusarakum S. Sangha K.K. Scherl L.M. Phan H.P. Zafra-Calvo role local communities in effective equitable conservation.Ecol. Soc. 26: 19https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-12625-260319Crossref (111) are gaining mainstream interest. lands—covering quarter Earth's surface5Garnett S.T. Burgess Fa J.E. Fernández-Llamazares Á. Molnár Z. Robinson C.J. Watson Zander Austin Brondizio E.S. al.A spatial overview importance lands Sustain. 1: 369-374https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0100-6Crossref (536) overlapping with third forests6Fa Leiper Potapov T.D. Duncan Wang al.Importance Peoples' Forest Landscapes.Front. Environ. 2020; 18: 135-140https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2148Crossref (112) Scholar—often reduced deforestation, degradation, carbon emissions, compared non-protected areas protected areas.7Walker W.S. Gorelik S.R. Baccini Aragon-Osejo J.L. Josse Meyer Macedo M.N. Augusto Rios Katan conversion, disturbance dynamics Amazon indigenous territories areas.Proc. 117: 3015-3025https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1913321117Crossref (120) Scholar,8Sze J.S. Carrasco L.R. Childs Edwards D.P. Reduced deforestation degradation Lands pan-tropically.Nat. 2022; 5: 123-130https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-021-00815-2Crossref (34) A key question implications design more policies is to understand impacts on integrity use, critical measures ecosystem health included within post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework.9Convention Biological DiversityZero draft biodiversity framework.2020Google Using landscape index10Grantham H.S. Jones K.R. Beyer H.L. Schuster Walston J. J.G. Callow al.Anthropogenic modification means only 40% remaining integrity.Nat. Commun. 11: 5978https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3Crossref (135) Anthromes11Ellis E.C. Gauthier Klein Goldewijk Bliege Bird Díaz Fuller D.Q. Gill Kaplan J.O. Kingston al.People shaped most terrestrial nature at least 12,000 years.Proc. (e2023483118)https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2023483118Crossref (277) datasets, we find that high-integrity tend be located overlap (protected-Indigenous areas). After accounting location biases statistical matching regression, protected-Indigenous had highest protective effect lowest land-use intensity relative lands, areas, controls pan-tropically. was lower than Americas Asia. combined positive effects state legislation presence may contribute maintaining integrity. Understanding management can help states appropriately support community-governed lands.

Language: Английский

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Climate- and fire-smart landscape scenarios call for redesigning protection regimes to achieve multiple management goals

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 322, P. 116045 - 116045

Published: Sept. 5, 2022

Integrated management of biodiversity and ecosystem services (ES) in heterogeneous landscapes requires considering the potential trade-offs between conflicting objectives. The UNESCO's Biosphere Reserve zoning scheme is a suitable context to address these by multiple zones that aim minimise conflicts Moreover, Mediterranean ecosystems, planning also needs consider drivers landscape dynamics such as wildfires traditional farming forestry practices have historically shaped they host. In this study, we applied conservation approach prioritise allocation under future climate scenarios. We tested different scenarios reflecting outcomes climate-smart fire-smart policies. projected expected associated changes on distribution 207 vertebrate species, 4 ES fire hazard each scenario. used Marxan with Zones allocate three zones, replicating Reserves ("Core area", "Buffer zone" "Transition area") various objectives within Reserve. Our results show promote supply conservation, while minimising hazard, reserve will need to: i) Redefine its zoning, especially regarding Core Areas, which considerable expansion help mitigate accommodate species distribution. ii) Revisit current policies result encroached prone high intensity, uncontrollable heavily damage ecosystems compromise ES. support both climate- Meseta Ibérica can develop multifunctional adapt change ensure best possible maintenance uncertain conditions.

Language: Английский

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Ecosystem natural capital accounting: The landscape approach at a territorial watershed scale

Quantitative Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Most approaches to estimate ecological value use monetary valuation. Here, we propose a different framework accounting in biophysical terms. More specifically, are implementing the ecosystem natural capital as an operational adaptation and extension of UN System Economic Environmental Accounting/Ecosystem Accounting. The proof-of-concept study was carried out at Rhône river watershed scale (France). Four core accounts evaluate land use, water condition, bio-carbon content various stocks biomass its uses, state infrastructure. Integration indicators allows measuring ecosystems overall capability their degradation. 12-year results based on spatial-temporal geographic information local statistics. Increasing levels intensity registered over time, that is, extraction resources surpasses renewal. We find agriculture artificialisation main drivers

Language: Английский

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Priorities for embedding ecological integrity in climate adaptation policy and practice

One Earth, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(6), P. 632 - 644

Published: June 1, 2023

Humanity must adapt rapidly to climate change as the impacts accelerate. Growing scientific evidence underscores role of ecological integrity in improving adaptation outcomes for nature and people by providing refugia biodiversity, buffering natural hazards, protecting freshwater resources, benefiting human health. However, initiatives have largely neglected prioritize integrity, even though it is critical effective achieving global conservation goals. Here, we highlight how biodiversity policy practice can help manage ecosystems social outcomes. We discuss challenges associated with operationalizing describe seven priorities scientists, policymakers, practitioners improve through supporting retention high-integrity restoration low-integrity ecosystems. Finally, show linking these UN frameworks on climate, sustainable development would attain best a changing climate.

Language: Английский

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Metrics in biodiversity conservation and the value-free ideal

Synthese, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 203(5)

Published: April 27, 2024

Abstract This paper examines one aspect of the legacy Value-Free Ideal in conservation science: view that measurements and metrics are value-free epistemic tools detached from ideological, ethical, social, and, generally, non-epistemic considerations. Contrary to this view, I will argue traditional measurement practices entrenched fact permeated with values. challenge received by revealing three assumptions underlying metrics: (1) a human-environment demarcation, (2) desirability people-free landscape, (3) exclusion cultural diversity biodiversity. also draw connection between arguments for retaining “scientific colonialism,” exemplified fortress model. conclude advocating abandoning myth intrinsic value-freedom embracing aligned societal scientific goals.

Language: Английский

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