Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Neuroinflammation Elicited by Occupational Injuries and Toxicants

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 2272 - 2272

Published: Jan. 23, 2023

Occupational injuries and toxicant exposures lead to the development of neuroinflammation by activating distinct mechanistic signaling cascades that ultimately culminate in disruption neuronal function leading neurological neurodegenerative disorders. The entry toxicants into brain causes subsequent activation glial cells, a response known as ‘reactive gliosis’. Reactive cells secrete wide variety molecules perturbations thus play crucial role progression regulation central nervous system (CNS) injury. In parallel, roles protein phosphorylation cell eliciting are evolving. However, there is limited understanding molecular underpinnings associated with toxicant- or occupational injury-mediated neuroinflammation, gliosis, outcomes. has biological significance, including promotion inhibition disease mechanisms. Nevertheless, regulatory mechanisms synergism antagonism among intracellular pathways remain elusive. This review highlights research focusing on direct interaction between immune injury-induced gliosis. Specifically, injuries, e.g., trips, slips, falls resulting traumatic injury, toxicants, volatile organic compounds, metals, nanoparticles/nanomaterials diseases highlighted. Further, this recapitulates recent advancement related characterization comprising signaling, culminating neuroinflammation.

Language: Английский

---

Concussion and the Autonomic, Immune, and Endocrine Systems: An Introduction to the Field and a Treatment Framework for Persisting Symptoms

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 33 - 33

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

A significant proportion of patients who sustain a concussion/mild traumatic brain injury endorse persisting, lingering symptoms. The symptoms associated with concussion are nonspecific, and many other medical conditions present similar Medical that overlap symptomatically include anxiety, depression, insomnia, chronic pain, fatigue, fibromyalgia, cervical strain injuries. One the factors may account for these similarities is all disturbances in optimal functioning autonomic nervous system its intricate interactions endocrine immune system—the three primary regulatory systems body. When clinicians working presenting persisting after concussion, evidence-based treatment options drawn from literature limited. We framework assessment following based on available evidence (treatment trials), neuroanatomical principles (research into physiology concussion), clinical judgment. review research supporting premise behavioral interventions designed to stabilize optimize body have potential reduce improve patients. Foundational rehabilitation strategies areas sleep stabilization, fatigue management, physical exercise, nutrition, relaxation protocols, activation outlined along practical implementing intervention modules

Language: Английский

---

Neuroimmune cleanup crews in brain injury

Trends in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 42(6), P. 480 - 494

Published: April 30, 2021

Language: Английский

---

Role of Inflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury–Associated Risk for Neuropsychiatric Disorders: State of the Evidence and Where Do We Go From Here

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 91(5), P. 438 - 448

Published: Nov. 24, 2021

Language: Английский

---

Inflammatory cytokines associated with mild traumatic brain injury and clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 12, 2023

Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) trigger a neuroinflammatory response, which leads to perturbations in the levels of inflammatory cytokines, resulting distinctive profile. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted synthesize data related cytokines patients with mTBI. The electronic databases EMBASE, MEDLINE, PUBMED searched from January 2014 December 12, 2021. total 5,138 articles screened using approach based on PRISMA R-AMSTAR guidelines. Of these articles, 174 selected for full-text 26 included final analysis. results this study demonstrate that within 24 hours, mTBI have significantly higher Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1RA), Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) blood, compared healthy controls majority studies. Similarly one week following injury, circulatory Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1/C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (MCP-1/CCL2), also confirmed findings by demonstrating elevated blood IL-6, MCP-1/CCL2, beta (IL-1β) population ( p < 0.0001), particularly acute stages (<7 days). Furthermore, it was found Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-1RA, IL-10, MCP-1/CCL2 associated poor clinical outcomes Finally, research highlights lack consensus methodology studies measure provides direction future research.

Language: Английский

---

Individual-level analysis of MRI T2 relaxometry in mild traumatic brain injury: Possible indications of brain inflammation

NeuroImage Clinical, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43, P. 103647 - 103647

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), often called concussion, is a prevalent condition that can have significant implications for people's health, functioning and well-being. Current clinical practice relies on self-reported symptoms to guide decision-making regarding return sport, employment, education. Unfortunately, reliance subjective evaluations may fail accurately reflect the resolution of neuropathology, exposing individuals with mTBI an increased risk further head trauma. No objective technique currently exists assess microstructural alterations tissue which characterise mTBI. MRI-based T2 relaxation quantitative imaging susceptible detecting fluid properties in hypothesised indicate neuroinflammation. This study aimed investigate potential individual-level relaxometry evaluate cellular damage from 20 male participants acute sports-related (within 14 days post-injury) 44 healthy controls were recruited this study. Each participant's voxel-wise map was analysed against control averages using z-test false discovery rate correction. Five re-scanned after recovery results compared their maps reduction times significantly 19/20 (95 %) controls, regions including hippocampus, frontal cortex, parietal insula, cingulate cortex cerebellum. Results suggest presence cerebral Longitudinal indicated all five participants, indicating possible over time. research highlights MRI as non-invasive method assessing subtle pathology Identifying monitoring changes content could aid predicting developing individualised treatment plans Future should validate measure other markers inflammation (e.g. blood biomarkers) test whether T2-relaxometry related In addition, future utilise larger groups establish normative ranges compute robust z-score analyses.

Language: Английский

---

Drosophila melanogaster as a model to study age and sex differences in brain injury and neurodegeneration after mild head trauma

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: April 3, 2023

Repetitive physical insults to the head, including those that elicit mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), are a known risk factor for variety of neurodegenerative conditions Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), and chronic encephalopathy (CTE). Although most individuals who sustain mTBI typically achieve seemingly full recovery within few weeks, subset experience delayed-onset symptoms later in life. As research has focused on acute phase injury, there is an incomplete understanding mechanisms related late-life emergence neurodegeneration after early exposure head trauma. The recent adoption Drosophila -based models provides several unique advantages over existing preclinical animal models, tractable framework amenable high-throughput assays short relative lifespan conducive lifelong mechanistic investigation. use flies also opportunity investigate important factors associated with conditions, specifically age sex. In this review, we survey current literature examines sex as contributing trauma-mediated humans mammalian models. We discuss similarities disparities between human fly aging, differences, pathophysiology. Finally, highlight effective tool investigating underlying trauma-induced identifying therapeutic targets treatment recovery.

Language: Английский

---

Adverse impact of female reproductive signaling on age-dependent neurodegeneration after mild head trauma in Drosophila

eLife, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: June 4, 2024

Environmental insults, including mild head trauma, significantly increase the risk of neurodegeneration. However, it remains challenging to establish a causative connection between early-life exposure trauma and late-life emergence neurodegenerative deficits, nor do we know how sex age compound outcome. Using Drosophila model, demonstrate that causes conditions emerge late in life disproportionately affect females. Increasing age-at-injury further exacerbates this effect sexually dimorphic manner. We identify peptide signaling as key factor female susceptibility post-injury brain deficits. RNA sequencing highlights reduction innate immune defense transcripts specifically mated females during life. Our findings causal relationship early neurodegeneration, emphasizing differences injury response impact age-at-injury. Finally, our reveal reproductive adversely impacts insults elevates vulnerability

Language: Английский

---

Diagnostic potential of IL6 and other blood-based inflammatory biomarkers in mild traumatic brain injury among children

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: July 11, 2024

Objectives Inflammatory biomarkers, as indicators of biological states, provide a valuable approach for accurate and reproducible measurements, crucial the effective management mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in pediatric patients. This study aims to assess diagnostic utility blood-based inflammatory markers IL6, IL8, IL10 children with mTBI, including those who did not undergo computed tomography (CT) scans. Methods A prospective multicentric cohort involving 285 mTBI patients was conducted, stratified into CT-scanned non-CT-scanned groups within 24 h post-trauma, alongside 74 control subjects. Biomarker levels were quantitatively analyzed using ELISA. Sensitivity specificity metrics calculated determine efficacy each biomarker. Results total 223 (78%) CT scan examination but kept observation symptoms monitoring at emergency department (ED) more than 6 (in-hospital-observation patients). Among ( n = 62), 14 (23%) positive (CT+). Elevated IL6 found compared controls. Within patients, significantly increased CT+ both CT– in-hospital-observation No significant differences observed IL8 among groups. yielded 48% identifying 100% sensitivity excluding all cases. These performances maintained whether measured or after trauma. Conclusion The marker emerges robust biomarker, showing promising stratification value undergoing scans staying ED.

Language: Английский

---

MRI‐T2 Relaxometry is Increased in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Indications of Acute Brain Abnormalities After Injury

Journal of Neuroscience Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 103(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common condition, particularly pervasive in contact sports environments. A range of symptoms can accompany this type and negatively impact people's lives. As mTBI diagnosis recovery largely rely on subjective reports, more objective markers are needed. The current study compared structural MRI-T2 relaxometry between group 40 male athletes with within 14 days age-matched controls. Voxel-averaged T2 the gray matter was increased for to controls (p < 0.001), statistically significant superior cortical regions. Our findings indicate subtle abnormalities be identified acute using relaxometry. These may reflect inflammation present could constitute an marker supplement methods that dominate clinical decisions regarding prognosis. Future research should validate potential other data types, such as blood biomarkers or histological samples.

Language: Английский

---