The Intestinal Immune Defense System in Insects

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(23), P. 15132 - 15132

Published: Dec. 1, 2022

Over a long period of evolution, insects have developed unique intestinal defenses against invasion by foreign microorganisms, including physical and immune responses. The the insect gut consist mainly peritrophic matrix (PM) mucus layer, which are first barriers to pathogens. Gut microbes also prevent colonization Importantly, immune-deficiency (Imd) pathways produce antimicrobial peptides eliminate pathogens; mechanisms related reactive oxygen species another important pathway for immunity. janus kinase/STAT signaling is involved in immunity producing bactericidal substances regulating tissue repair. Melanization can many active into intestine; meanwhile, there multiple responses intestine fight viral parasitic infections. Furthermore, stem cells (ISCs) indispensable Only coordinated combination defense system renewal effectively defend pathogenic microorganisms.

Language: Английский

---

Research progress of aphid immunity system: Potential effective target for green pest management

Insect Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Abstract Due to the absence of acquired immunity, insects primarily rely on their innate immune system resist pathogenic microorganisms and parasitoids in natural habitats. This can be classified into cellular immunity humoral immunity. Cellular is mediated by hemocytes, which perform phagocytosis, aggregation, encapsulation fight against invaders, whereas activates signaling pathways induces generation effectors. Existing studies have revealed that hemipteran aphids lack some crucial genes compared other insect species, indicating different mechanisms aphids. The current review summarizes adverse impacts aphids, introduces systems insects, analyzes differences between species. Furthermore, our also discussed existing prospects challenges aphid research, proposed potential application green pest management.

Language: Английский

---

Dinotefuran exposure induces autophagy and apoptosis through oxidative stress in Bombyx mori

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 458, P. 131997 - 131997

Published: July 4, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Systematic analysis of innate immune‐related genes in the silkworm: Application to antiviral research

Insect Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 3, 2024

Abstract The silkworm, a crucial model organism of the Lepidoptera, offers an excellent platform for investigating molecular mechanisms underlying innate immune response insects toward pathogens. Over years, researchers worldwide have identified numerous immune‐related genes in silkworms. However, these silkworm are not well classified and known to scientific community. With availability latest genome data silkworms extensive research on immunity, it has become imperative systematically categorize with different database IDs. In this study, we present meticulous organization prevalent domestic using SilkDB 3.0 as reliable source updated gene information. Furthermore, utilizing available data, classify collected into distinct categories: pattern recognition receptors, classical pathways, effector others. In‐depth analysis enabled us predict some potential antiviral genes. Subsequently, performed experiments selected genes, exploring their impact Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus replication. outcomes furnish novel insights consequently fostering advancements field immunity by establishing comprehensive classification functional understanding silkworm. This study contributes broader insect responses opens up new avenues future investigations domain host–pathogen interactions.

Language: Английский

---

Single-nucleus sequencing of silkworm larval brain reveals the key role of lysozyme in the antiviral immune response in brain hemocytes

Journal of Innate Immunity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

The brain is considered as an immune-privileged organ, yet innate immune reactions can occur in the central nervous system of vertebrates and invertebrates. Silkworm (Bombyx mori) economically important insect a lepidopteran model species. diversity cell types silkworm brain, how these subsets produce response to virus infection, remains largely unknown. We used single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) identify 19 distinct clusters representing Kenyon cell, glial olfactory projection neuron, optic lobes hemocyte-like muscle B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) infected uninfected larvae at late stage infection. Further, we found that subset exerts antiviral function corresponds hemocytes. Specifically, antimicrobial peptides were significantly induced by BmNPV infection hemocytes, especially lysozyme, exerting effects. Our single-cell dataset reveals cells, transcriptome analysis provides insights into following level.

Language: Английский

---

Common strategies in silkworm disease resistance breeding research

Pest Management Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 79(7), P. 2287 - 2298

Published: March 20, 2023

Abstract The silkworm, which is considered a model invertebrate organism, was the first insect used for silk production in human history and has been utilized extensively throughout its domestication. However, sericulture plagued by various pathogens that have caused significant economic losses. To enhance resistance of host to pathogens,numerous strategies developed. For instance, gene‐editing techniques applied wide range organisms, effectively solving variety experimental problems. This review focuses on several common silkworm pests their pathogenic mechanisms, with particular emphasis breeding disease control multiple types diseases. also compares advantages disadvantages transgenic technology systems. Finally, paper provides brief summary current resistance, along discussion establishment existing technologies future application prospects. © 2023 Society Chemical Industry.

Language: Английский

---

Molecular diagnostics in sericulture: A paradigm shift towards disease diagnosis in silkworms

Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 172(5), P. 372 - 382

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Abstract Sericulture, the practice of rearing silkworms for production silk, is an essential agro‐based industry in several countries. However, are susceptible to a variety diseases caused by viruses, bacteria and parasites, which may have significant negative impact on global silk production. Traditional methods pathogen identification, such as microscopy laboratory culturing, limitations terms accuracy efficiency. The development molecular techniques identification has revolutionised field sericulture over last decade. Genomic DNA RNA‐based allow rapid accurate detection disease‐causing pathogens silkworms. Molecular diagnosis advantages traditional methods, including increased sensitivity specificity, shorter turnaround time ability detect that difficult culture or visualise under microscope. been applied important silkworms, Nosema sp., nucleopolyhedrovirus, cypovirus, iflavirus bidensovirus. use diagnostics immensely demand high‐quality increases globally assessment emerging associated with crop loss essential. Major advancements improvement application diagnosing widespread silkworm discussed.

Language: Английский

---

The humoral immune response of the lepidopteran model insect, silkworm Bombyx mori L., to microbial pathogens

Current Research in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6, P. 100097 - 100097

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Stimulation of IRES‐Dependent Translation by Rocaglamide A Increases the Replication and Virulence of Cricket Paralysis Virus in Lepidopteran Insect Cells

Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 118(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT The discovery that infections of viruses are pervasive among insects has considerable potential for future applications, such as new strategies pest control through the manipulation virus‐host interactions. However, few studies can be found aim to minimize (for beneficial insects) or maximize pests) virus impact virulence. Viruses generally employ molecular mechanisms deviate from cells’ increase their replication efficiency and avoid immune response. In this research, a screening system is presented detection molecules interfere with internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) Cricket paralysis ( Dicistroviridae ) which been well characterized in previous research. Over‐expression RNAi experiments identified importance eIF4A, component cap‐dependent translation initiation complex, modify activity IRES‐mediated translation. Application Rocaglamide A (RocA), natural product Aglaia plants inhibitor resulted strong stimulation reporter assays increased CrPV genome virion production lepidopteran Hi5 cells. At 100 nM RocA, dsRNA accumulated infected cells, corresponding full‐length (9.5 kb) smaller fragment (0.8 unknown function. Treatment silkworm larvae RocA by injection topically was highly toxic while no infection could observed. prospect use rocaglamates insecticides enhancers discussed together its on mammalian

Language: Английский

---

Histone acetyltransferase BmMOF inhibits the proliferation of the Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus by targeting Bmp53

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 305, P. 141186 - 141186

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

Language: Английский

---