Frontiers in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Feb. 23, 2023
Background
Inflammatory
bowel
disease
(IBD)
is
a
chronic
relapsing-remitting
disease.
An
adverse
immune
reaction
toward
the
intestinal
microbiota
involved
in
pathophysiology
and
microbial
perturbations
are
associated
with
IBD
general
flares
specifically.
Although
medical
drugs
cornerstone
of
current
treatment,
responses
vary
widely
between
patients
drugs.
The
can
metabolize
drugs,
which
may
influence
drug
(non-)response
side
effects.
Conversely,
several
impact
thereby
host
This
review
provides
comprehensive
overview
evidence
on
bidirectional
interactions
relevant
(pharmacomicrobiomics).
Methods
Electronic
literature
searches
were
conducted
PubMed,
Web
Science
Cochrane
databases
to
identify
publications.
Studies
reporting
composition
and/or
metabolism
included.
Results
both
enzymatically
activate
pro-drugs
(e.g.,
case
thiopurines),
but
also
inactivate
certain
mesalazine
by
acetylation
via
N-acetyltransferase
1
infliximab
IgG-degrading
enzymes).
Aminosalicylates,
corticosteroids,
thiopurines,
calcineurin
inhibitors,
anti-tumor
necrosis
factor
biologicals
tofacitinib
all
reported
alter
composition,
including
changes
diversity
relative
abundances
various
taxa.
Conclusion
Various
lines
have
shown
ability
interfere
vice
versa.
These
treatment
response,
well-designed
clinical
studies
combined
vivo
ex
models
needed
achieve
consistent
findings
evaluate
relevance.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Oct. 28, 2024
Ulcerative
colitis
(UC)
is
a
debilitating
inflammatory
bowel
disease
characterized
by
intestinal
inflammation,
barrier
dysfunction,
and
dysbiosis,
with
limited
treatment
options
available.
This
study
systematically
investigates
the
therapeutic
potential
of
synbiotic
composed
galactooligosaccharides
(GOS)
Limosilactobacillus
reuteri
in
murine
model
colitis,
revealing
that
GOS
L.
synergistically
protect
against
inflammation
dysfunction
promoting
synthesis
pentadecanoic
acid,
an
odd-chain
fatty
from
Bacteroides
acidifaciens.
Notably,
synbiotic,
B.
acidifaciens,
acid
are
each
capable
suppressing
enhancing
tight
junction
inhibiting
NF-κB
activation.
Furthermore,
similar
reduction
acidifaciens
levels
also
observed
feces
both
human
UC
patients
lipopolysaccharide-induced
pigs.
Our
findings
elucidate
protective
mechanism
highlight
its
potential,
along
for
other
disorders.
Here,
Yujun
Wu
colleagues
report
alleviates
gut
animals
enriching
showing
treating
ulcerative
colitis.
Frontiers in Nutrition,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10
Published: July 20, 2023
Ulcerative
colitis
(UC)
is
presently
considered
a
multifactorial
pathology,
which
may
lead
to
persistent
inflammatory
action
of
the
gastrointestinal
tract
(GIT)
because
an
improperly
managed
immunological
reactivity
intestinal
microbiota
found
in
GIT.
The
immune
response
common
commensal
microbes
plays
essential
role
inflammation
related
UC
synbiotics,
and
it
important
element
optimal
therapy
UC.
Therefore,
i.e.,
mixture
prebiotics
probiotics,
help
control
diseased
state.
Synbiotics
alleviate
colon
by
lowering
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
improving
level
antioxidant
enzymes
such
as
catalase
(CAT),
glutathione
peroxidase
(GPX),
superoxide
dismutase
(SOD).
Prebiotic
supplementation
not
practice
at
moment,
despite
numerous
research
findings
proving
that
benefits
both
probiotics
encourage
their
continued
existence
positioning
GIT,
with
positive
effects
on
human
health
managing
response.
However,
fact
there
have
been
fewer
studies
treatment
different
coupled
selected
prebiotics,
outcomes
these
very
favorable.
This
evidence-based
study
explores
possible
ROS,
SOD,
synbiotics
proposed
review
also
focuses
alteration
gut
microbiota,
defense
tract,
management
Thus,
current
article
emphasizes
oxidative
stress
signaling
GI
stress-based
pathomechanisms
patients,
therapies
inhibiting
stress’
effects.
Physiological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
104(1), P. 473 - 532
Published: Sept. 21, 2023
The
normal
stress
response
in
humans
is
governed
by
the
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
(HPA)
axis
through
heightened
mechanisms
during
stress,
raising
blood
levels
of
glucocorticoid
hormone
cortisol.
Glucocorticoids
are
quintessential
compounds
that
balance
proper
functioning
numerous
systems
mammalian
body.
They
also
generated
synthetically
and
preeminent
therapy
for
inflammatory
diseases.
act
binding
to
nuclear
receptor
transcription
factor
(GR),
which
has
two
main
isoforms
(GRα
GRβ).
Our
classical
understanding
signaling
from
GRα
isoform,
binds
hormone,
whereas
GRβ
no
known
ligands.
With
glucocorticoids
being
involved
many
physiological
cellular
processes,
even
small
disruptions
their
release
via
HPA
axis,
or
changes
GR
isoform
expression,
can
have
dire
ramifications
on
health.
Long-term
chronic
lead
a
glucocorticoid-resistant
state,
we
deliberate
how
this
impacts
disease
treatment.
Chronic
treatment
noticeable
side
effects
such
as
weight
gain,
adiposity,
diabetes,
others
discuss
detail.
There
sexually
dimorphic
responses
glucocorticoids,
women
tend
more
hyperresponsive
than
men.
This
review
summarizes
our
critically
analyzes
beneficial
deleterious
sexual
differences
cause
dichotomy
responses.
We
future
propose
new
concept
dual
agonist
postulate
why
activating
both
may
prevent
resistance.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(13), P. 11004 - 11004
Published: July 2, 2023
Inflammatory
bowel
disease
(IBD)
is
a
complex
multifactorial
chronic
inflammatory
disease,
that
includes
Crohn's
(CD)
and
ulcerative
colitis
(UC),
having
progressively
increasing
global
incidence.
Disturbed
intestinal
flora
has
been
highlighted
as
an
important
feature
of
IBD
offers
promising
strategies
for
remedies.
A
brief
overview
the
variations
occurring
in
during
presented,
role
gut
microbiota
barrier
maintenance,
immune
metabolic
regulation,
absorption
supply
nutrients
reviewed.
More
importantly,
we
review
drug
research
on
past
ten
years,
including
clinical
natural
drugs,
well
adjuvant
therapies,
such
Fecal
Microbiota
Transplantation
probiotic
supplements.
We
also
summarize
interventions
mechanisms
these
drugs
microbiota.
Medicine,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
102(37), P. e35020 - e35020
Published: Sept. 15, 2023
Ulcerative
colitis
(UC)
is
a
chronic
inflammatory
disease
of
the
colon
with
abdominal
pain,
diarrhea,
and
mucopurulent
stools
as
main
symptoms.
Its
incidence
increasing
worldwide,
traditional
treatments
have
problems
such
immunosuppression
metabolic
disorders.
In
this
article,
etiology
pathogenesis
ulcerative
are
reviewed
to
clarify
targeted
drugs
UC
in
latest
research.
Our
aim
provide
more
ideas
for
clinical
treatment
new
drug
development
UC,
mainly
by
analyzing
sorting
out
relevant
literature
on
PubMed,
summarizing
finding
that
it
related
genetic,
environmental,
immune
other
factors,
explaining
its
from
NF-κB
pathway,
PI3K/Akt
signaling
JAK/STAT
obtaining
anti-TNF-α
monoclonal
antibodies,
integrin
antagonists,
IL-12/IL-23
novel
UC-targeted
JAK
inhibitors
SIP
receptor
agonists.
We
believe
rational
selection
formulation
best
dosing
strategy
under
comprehensive
consideration
evaluation
way
treat
UC.