Clinical and Virological Features of Patients Hospitalized with Different Types of COVID-19 Vaccination in Mexico City DOI Creative Commons
Alejandra Hernández‐Terán,

Pamela Garcíadiego-Fossas,

Marco Villanueva-Reza

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 1181 - 1181

Published: July 26, 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines effectively protect against severe and death. However, the impact of vaccine used, viral variants, host factors on severity remain poorly understood. This work aimed to compare COVID-19 clinical presentations outcomes in vaccinated unvaccinated patients Mexico City. From March September 2021, clinical, demographic characteristics, variants were obtained from 1014 individuals with a documented SARS-CoV-2 infection. We compared unvaccinated, partially vaccinated, fully patients, stratifying by age groups. also fitted multivariate statistical models evaluate vaccination status, lineages, types, parameters. Most hospitalized unvaccinated. In over 61 years old, mortality was significantly higher individuals. aged 31 60 years, more likely be outpatients (46%) than (6.1%). found immune above old risk factors, while full most protective factor in-hospital study suggests that is essential reduce comorbid population such as Mexico.

Language: Английский

The Delta and Omicron Variants of SARS-CoV-2: What We Know So Far DOI Creative Commons
Vivek P. Chavda, Rajashri Bezbaruah,

Kangkan Deka

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(11), P. 1926 - 1926

Published: Nov. 14, 2022

The world has not yet completely overcome the fear of havoc brought by SARS-CoV-2. virus undergone several mutations since its initial appearance in China December 2019. Several variations (i.e., B.1.616.1 (Kappa variant), B.1.617.2 (Delta B.1.617.3, and BA.2.75 (Omicron variant)) have emerged throughout pandemic, altering virus's capacity to spread, risk profile, even symptoms. Humanity faces a serious threat as long keeps adapting changing fundamental function evade immune system. Delta variant two escape alterations, E484Q L452R, well other mutations; most notable these is P681R, which expected boost infectivity, whereas Omicron about 60 with certain deletions insertions. 40-60% more contagious comparison Alpha variant. Additionally, AY.1 lineage, also known "Delta plus" variant, surfaced result mutation was one causes life-threatening second wave coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nevertheless, recent variants represent reminder that COVID-19 epidemic far from ending. sparked fervor investigation on why initially appeared propagate so much rapidly than three concerns (VOCs), whether it threatening those ways, how type mutations, induce minor changes proteins, can wreck trouble. This review sheds light pathogenicity, treatments, impact vaccine efficacy

Language: Английский

Citations

75
SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Genetic Insights, Epidemiological Tracking, and Implications for Vaccine Strategies DOI Open Access
Fatimah S. Alhamlan, Ahmed A. Al‐Qahtani

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 1263 - 1263

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has significantly impacted the global response to COVID-19 pandemic. This review examines genetic diversity variants, their roles in epidemiological tracking, and influence on viral fitness. Variants concern (VOCs) such as Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron have demonstrated increased transmissibility, altered pathogenicity, potential resistance neutralizing antibodies. Epidemiological tracking these is crucial for understanding spread, informing public health interventions, guiding vaccine development. also explores how specific mutations spike protein other genomic regions contribute fitness, affecting replication efficiency, immune escape, transmission dynamics. By integrating surveillance data with clinical findings, this provides a comprehensive overview ongoing evolution its implications strategies new

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Variant Spike Protein Shows an Increased Affinity to the Human ACE2 Receptor: An In Silico Analysis DOI Creative Commons
Joseph T. Ortega, Beata Jastrzȩbska, Héctor R. Rangel

et al.

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 45 - 45

Published: Dec. 31, 2021

The rise of SARS-CoV-2 variants, with changes that could be related to an increased virus pathogenicity, have received the interest scientific and medical community. In this study, we evaluated occurred in viral spike Omicron variant whether these modulate interactions angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) host receptor. mutations associated were retrieved from GISAID covariants.org databases, a structural model was built using SWISS-Model server. interaction between human ACE2 two different docking software, Zdock Haddock. We found binding free energy lower for as compared WT spike. addition, protein showed number electrostatic than spike, especially charged residues. This study contributes better understanding

Language: Английский

Citations

60
SARS-CoV-2: A Master of Immune Evasion DOI Creative Commons
Alberto Rubio‐Casillas, Elrashdy M. Redwan, Vladimir N. Uversky

et al.

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 1339 - 1339

Published: June 7, 2022

Viruses and their hosts have coevolved for a long time. This coevolution places both the pathogen human immune system under selective pressure; on one hand, has evolved to combat viruses virally infected cells, while developed sophisticated mechanisms escape recognition destruction by system. SARS-CoV-2, that is causing current COVID-19 pandemic, shown remarkable ability antibody neutralization, putting vaccine efficacy at risk. One of virus’s evasion strategies mitochondrial sabotage: reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, physiology impaired, interferon antiviral response suppressed. Seminal studies identified an intra-cytoplasmatic pathway viral infection, which occurs through construction tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), hence enhancing infection avoiding surveillance. Another method evading monitoring disruption antigen presentation. In this scenario, SARS-CoV-2 reduces MHC-I molecule expression: SARS-CoV-2’s open reading frames (ORF 6 ORF 8) produce proteins specifically downregulate molecules. All these are also exploited other elude detection should be studied in depth improve effectiveness future treatments. Compared Wuhan strain or Delta variant, Omicron mutations impaired its generate syncytia, thus reducing pathogenicity. Conversely, allowed it neutralization preventing cellular recognition, making most contagious evasive variant date.

Language: Английский

Citations

53
A Comprehensive Review of Drug Repurposing Strategies against Known Drug Targets of COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons
Ankita Khataniar, Upasana Pathak, Sanchaita Rajkhowa

et al.

COVID, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(2), P. 148 - 167

Published: Jan. 26, 2022

Drug repurposing is a more inexpensive and shorter approach than the traditional drug discovery development process. The concept of identifying potent molecule from library pre-existing molecules or an already approved has become go-to tactic to accelerate identification drugs that can prevent COVID-19. This seemingly uncontrollable disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. It novel virus Betacoronavirus genus, exhibiting similarities previously reported SAR-CoV genome structure viral pathogenesis. emergence SARS-CoV-2 rapid outbreak COVID-19 have resulted in global pandemic. Researchers are hard-pressed develop new for total containment disease, thus making cost-effective much feasible approach. Therefore, current review attempts collate both experimental computational strategies been utilized against significant targets Along with strategies, available druggable shall also be discussed. However, occurrence frequent recombination time-bound primary analysis, resulting insignificant data, two major challenges still faces.

Language: Английский

Citations

48
Molecular characterisation and tracking of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in Thailand, 2020–2022 DOI Open Access
Jiratchaya Puenpa, Patthaya Rattanakomol,

Nutsada Saengdao

et al.

Archives of Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 168(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

33
High frequencies of alpha common cold coronavirus/SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive functional CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells are associated with protection from symptomatic and fatal SARS-CoV-2 infections in unvaccinated COVID-19 patients DOI Creative Commons
Pierre-Grégoire Coulon, Swayam Prakash, Nisha R. Dhanushkodi

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 28, 2024

Background Cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2-specific memory CD4 + and CD8 T cells are present in up to 50% of unexposed, pre-pandemic, healthy individuals (UPPHIs). However, the characteristics cross-reactive associated with subsequent protection asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients (i.e., unvaccinated who never develop any COVID-19 symptoms despite being infected SARS-CoV-2) remains be fully elucidated. Methods This study compares antigen specificity, frequency, phenotype, function between common cold coronaviruses (CCCs) SARS-CoV-2. T-cell responses against genome-wide conserved epitopes were studied early course a cohort 147 divided into six groups based on severity their symptoms. Results Compared severely ill fatal outcomes, displayed significantly: (i) higher rates co-infection 229E alpha species CCCs (α-CCC-229E); (ii) frequencies functional CD134 CD137 that cross-recognized from α-CCCs SARS-CoV-2 structural, non-structural, accessory proteins; (iii) lower CCCs/SARS-CoV-2 exhausted PD-1 TIM3 TIGIT CTLA4 cells, detected both ex vivo vitro . Conclusions These findings support crucial role functional, poly-antigenic α-CCCs/SARS-CoV-2 induced following previous seasonal exposures, severe provide critical insights developing broadly protective, multi-antigen, , T-cell-based, universal pan-Coronavirus vaccines capable conferring cross-species protection.

Language: Английский

Citations

11
Intrinsic D614G and P681R/H mutations in SARS-CoV-2 VoCs Alpha, Delta, Omicron and viruses with D614G plus key signature mutations in spike protein alters fusogenicity and infectivity DOI Creative Commons
Ritika Khatri,

Gazala Siddqui,

Srikanth Sadhu

et al.

Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 212(1), P. 103 - 122

Published: Dec. 30, 2022

Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 virus has been rapidly evolving over the time and genetic variation led to generation of Variants Concerns (VoC), which have shown increased fitness. These VoC viruses contain key mutations in spike protein allowed better survival evasion host defense mechanisms. D614G mutation domain is found majority VoC; additionally, P681R/H at S1/S2 furin cleavage site junction also be highly conserved major VoCs; Alpha, Delta, Omicron, its’ current variants. impact these alterations VoCs on cell entry, transmissibility, infectivity not clearly identified. In our study, Delta + P681R synthetic double mutant pseudoviruses showed a significant increase cell-to-cell fusion infectivity. contrast, Omicron P681H single TMPRSS2 independent less as compared mutants. Addition exogenous trypsin further enhanced Omicron. Furthermore, susceptibility both E64d Camostat mesylate inhibitors suggesting, that could exploit endosomal dependent entry pathways virus. Taken together, results indicate are pivotal might favoring replication different compartments, thus allowing balance vs selection for long-term adaptation.

Language: Английский

Citations

36
Liquid-liquid phase separation of nucleocapsid proteins during SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1 replication DOI Creative Commons

Bao-An Chau,

Venessa Chen,

Alan Cochrane

et al.

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 42(1), P. 111968 - 111968

Published: Dec. 26, 2022

The leap of retroviruses and coronaviruses from animal hosts to humans has led two ongoing pandemics tens millions deaths worldwide. Retrovirus coronavirus nucleocapsid proteins have been studied extensively as potential drug targets due their central roles in virus replication, among which is capacity bind respective genomic RNAs for packaging into nascent virions. This review focuses on fundamental studies these how intrinsic abilities condense through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) contribute viral replication. Therapeutic targeting condensates methodological advances are also described address future questions contributes

Language: Английский

Citations

34
A Bacteriophage-Based, Highly Efficacious, Needle- and Adjuvant-Free, Mucosal COVID-19 Vaccine DOI
Jingen Zhu, Swati Jain,

Jian Sha

et al.

mBio, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(4)

Published: July 28, 2022

According to the World Health Organization, COVID-19 may have caused ~15-million deaths across globe and is still ravaging world. Another wave of ~100 million infections predicted in United States due emergence highly transmissible immune-escaped Omicron variants.

Language: Английский

Citations

26