Long-Term Safety and Immunogenicity of AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19): 2-Year Follow-Up from a Phase 3 Study DOI Creative Commons

Kathryn Shoemaker,

Karina Soboleva,

Angela R. Branche

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 883 - 883

Published: Aug. 3, 2024

A better understanding of the long-term safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity COVID-19 vaccines is needed. This phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled study for AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) primary-series vaccination enrolled 32,450 participants in USA, Chile, Peru between August 2020 January 2021 (NCT04516746). Endpoints included 2-year follow-up assessment immunogenicity. After 2 years, no emergent safety signals were observed AZD1222, cases thrombotic thrombocytopenia syndrome reported. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody titers confirmed durability efficacy up to 6 months, after which infection rates group increased over time. Despite this, all-cause COVID-19-related mortality remained low through end, potentially reflecting post-Omicron decoupling SARS-CoV-2 severe outcomes. Geometric mean elevated neutralizing antibodies at 1-year visit anti-spike year 2, providing further evidence increasing infections follow-up. Overall, this 3 confirms that profile remains consistent with previous findings supports continued need booster vaccinations due waning humoral immunity.

Language: Английский

Construction and application of adenoviral vectors DOI Creative Commons
Hongbo Zhang, Hongdan Wang,

Youcai An

et al.

Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34, P. 102027 - 102027

Published: Sept. 9, 2023

Adenoviral vectors have been widely used as vaccine candidates or potential against infectious diseases due to the convenience of genome manipulation, their ability accommodate large exogenous gene fragments, easy access obtaining high-titer virus, and high efficiency transduction. At same time, adenoviral also extensively in clinical research for cancer therapy treatment caused by a single defect. However, application adenovirus faces series challenges such poor targeting, strong immune response vector itself, they cannot be repeatedly. It is believed that these problems will solved gradually with further technological development related fields. Here, we review construction methods vectors, including "gutless" discuss prophylactic vaccines pathogens prospects therapeutic other kinds chronic disease human papillomavirus, hepatitis B C virus.

Language: Английский

Citations

34
Multi-omics analysis reveals COVID-19 vaccine induced attenuation of inflammatory responses during breakthrough disease DOI Creative Commons
Ruth Drury, Susana Camara, Irina Chelysheva

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 22, 2024

Abstract The immune mechanisms mediating COVID-19 vaccine attenuation of remain undescribed. We conducted comprehensive analyses detailing responses to SARS-CoV-2 virus in blood post-vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or a placebo. Samples from randomised placebo-controlled trials (NCT04324606 and NCT04400838) were taken at baseline, onset COVID-19-like symptoms, 7 days later, confirming using nucleic amplification test (NAAT test) via real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Serum cytokines measured multiplexed immunoassays. transcriptome was analysed long, short small RNA sequencing. found inflammatory signatures compared placebo vaccinees reduced levels serum proteins associated severity. KREMEN1 , putative alternative receptor, downregulated vaccinees. Vaccination ameliorates reductions cell counts across leukocyte populations platelets noted onset, without inducing potentially deleterious Th2-skewed responses. Multi-omics integration links global reduction miRNA expression increased pro-inflammatory the mRNA level. This study reveals insights into role vaccines mitigating disease severity by abrogating severe COVID-19, affirming vaccine-mediated benefit breakthrough infection, highlighting importance clinically relevant endpoints evaluation.

Language: Английский

Citations

12
Unveiling the key mechanisms of FOLR2+ macrophage-mediated antitumor immunity in breast cancer using integrated single-cell RNA sequencing and bulk RNA sequencing DOI Creative Commons
Sixuan Wu,

Jiang Baohong,

Zhimin Li

et al.

Breast Cancer Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 27(1)

Published: March 5, 2025

Breast cancer (BRCA) is a common malignant tumor, and its immune microenvironment plays crucial role in disease progression. In this research, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing bulk technologies, combined with vivo vitro experiments, to thoroughly investigate the immunological functions mechanisms of FOLR2+ macrophages BRCA. Our findings demonstrate significant enhancement interaction between CD8+ T cells within tumor tissues BRCA patients. FOLR2 closely associated cell infiltration patients, particularly cells. By secreting CXCL9 engaging CXCR3, can activate functionality cells, thereby promoting apoptosis. Further animal experiments confirm that through CXCL9-CXCR3 axis, exhibiting an antitumor immunity effect play axis.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Gene delivery using viral vectors DOI
Deepa Patel, Dipali Talele, Chitrali Talele

et al.

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 137 - 188

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The characterization of CD8 + T-cell responses in COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons
Yuanting Yang,

H. I. Miller,

Maria G. Byazrova

et al.

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Nov. 22, 2023

This review gives an overview of the protective role CD8+ T cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The cross-reactive responses intermediated by unexposed cohorts are described. Additionally, relevance resident upper and lower airway during infection is discussed, T-cell following vaccination, including recent worrisome breakthrough infections variants concerns (VOCs). Lastly, we explained correlation between COVID-19 severity. aids a deeper comprehension association broadens vision for future exploration.

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 anti-Spike antibody levels and breakthrough infection risk among vaccinated adults in North Lebanon DOI Creative Commons

Dalal Nour,

Mohamad Bachar Ismail, Marwan Osman

et al.

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(5), P. e0302579 - e0302579

Published: May 9, 2024

Since March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has swiftly propagated, triggering a competitive race among medical firms to forge vaccines that thwart infection. Lebanon initiated its vaccination campaign on February 14, 2021. Despite numerous studies conducted elucidate characteristics of immune responses elicited by vaccination, topic remains unclear. Here, we aimed track progression anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers at two-time points (T1: shortly after second dose, T2: six months later) within cohort 201 adults who received Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2), AstraZeneca, or Sputnik V in North Lebanon. Blood specimens were obtained from participants, and against quantified through Elecsys-Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay (Roche Diagnostics, Switzerland). We used univariate analysis multivariable logistic regression models predict determinants influencing decline response occurrence breakthrough infections vaccinated patients. Among 141 exhibited unchanging levels between two sample collections, 55 displayed waning titers, only five participants demonstrated heightened levels. Notably, age emerged as sole variable significantly linked response. Moreover, BNT162b2 vaccine higher efficacy concerning when compared with AstraZeneca vaccine. Overall, our study reflected status Further larger scale are needed national level follow especially addition third dose.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Seasonal human coronavirus humoral responses in AZD1222 (ChaAdOx1 nCoV-19) COVID-19 vaccinated adults reveal limited cross-immunity DOI Creative Commons
Ann Marie Stanley, Anastasia A. Aksyuk, Deidre Wilkins

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 17, 2024

Background Immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is now widespread; however, the degree of cross-immunity between SARS-CoV-2 and endemic, seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs) remains unclear. Methods HCoV was evaluated in adult participants enrolled a US sub-study phase III, randomized controlled trial (NCT04516746) AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) primary-series vaccination for one-year. Anti-HCoV spike-binding antibodies against HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63 were following study dosing and, group, after non-study third-dose booster. Timing seroconversion (assessed via anti-nucleocapsid antibody levels) incidence COVID-19 those who received by baseline anti-HCoV titers. Results We 2,020/21,634 group 1,007/10,816 placebo group. At one-year data cutoff (March 11, 2022) mean duration follow up 230.9 (SD: 106.36, range: 1–325) 94.3 (74.12, 1–321) days (n = 1,940) 962) groups, respectively. observed little elevation humoral titers post study-dosing or post-boosting, nor evidence waning over time. The occurrence timing not largely impacted Conclusion found limited HCoVs primary series booster vaccination. Susceptibility future emergence novel will likely persist despite high prevalence immunity global populations.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
One year safety and immunogenicity of AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19): Final analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 1/2 trial in Japan DOI Creative Commons

Kensuke Ishikawa,

Maria‐Claudia Nascimento,

Michiko Asano

et al.

Vaccine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 41(29), P. 4199 - 4205

Published: June 1, 2023

Long duration trial data for two-dose COVID-19 vaccines primary series' are uncommon due to unblinding and additional doses. We report one-year follow-up results from a phase 1/2 of AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) in Japan. Adults (n = 256) seronegative severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) were stratified by age, 18–55 128), 56–69 86) ≥70-year-old 42), randomized 3:1 or placebo. Safety, immunogenicity, exploratory efficacy collected until study Day 365. Safety was consistent with previous reports. In vaccinees, humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 steadily declined over time. By 365, anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike-binding (spike) receptor-binding domain (RBD) mean antibody titers remained above 15 levels pseudovirus neutralizing antibodies undetectable many participants. is immunogenic well tolerated Japanese adults. Expected waning observed; spike RBD elevated. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04568031).

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Protection against COVID-19 hospitalisation conferred by primary-series vaccination with AZD1222 in non-boosted individuals: first vaccine effectiveness results of the European COVIDRIVE study and meta-regression analysis DOI Creative Commons
Wilhelmine Meeraus, Leonie de Munter, Christen Gray

et al.

The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31, P. 100675 - 100675

Published: July 1, 2023

Vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies with long-term follow-up are needed to understand durability of protection against severe COVID-19 outcomes conferred by primary-series vaccination in individuals not receiving boosters. COVIDRIVE is a European public-private partnership evaluating brand-specific vaccine (VE). We report prespecified interim analysis AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) VE.Seven Study Contributors Europe collected data on aged ≥18 years who were hospitalised acute respiratory infection (June 1st, 2021-September 5th, 2022) and eligible for prior hospitalisation. In this test-negative case-control study, defined as test-positive cases or controls (SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR) either fully vaccinated (two doses, 4-12 weeks apart, completed ≥14 days symptom onset; no booster doses) unvaccinated (no hospitalisation). The primary objective was estimate VE A literature review meta-regression conducted contextualise findings protection.761 included during the 15-month period. Overall 72.8% (95% CI, 53.4-84.1). 93.8% (48.6-99.3) participants received second doses ≤8 hospitalisation, spline-based estimates demonstrating (VE ≥ 50%) 30 post-second dose. Meta-regression (data from seven publications) showed consistent results, ≥80% hospitalisation through ∼43 dose, some degree waning.Primary-series confers enduring levels ≥6 months.AstraZeneca.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
The BCG vaccine and SARS-CoV-2: Could there be a beneficial relationship? DOI Creative Commons

Carlos A. Peña-Bates,

Ricardo Lascuraín,

Vianney Ortiz-Navarrete

et al.

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(18), P. e38085 - e38085

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

0