Revolutionizing snakebite care with novel antivenoms: Breakthroughs and barriers

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. e25531 - e25531

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Snakebite envenoming (SBE) is a global public health concern, primarily due to the lack of effective antivenom for treating snakebites inflicted by medically significant venomous snakes prevalent across various geographic locations. The rising demand safe, cost-effective, and potent snakebite treatments highlights urgent need develop alternative therapeutics targeting relevant toxins. This development could provide promising discoveries create novel recombinant solutions, leveraging human monoclonal antibodies, synthetic peptides nanobodies. Such technologies as DNA, peptide epitope mapping phage display etc) have potential exceed traditional use equine polyclonal which long been used in production. Recombinant can be engineered target certain toxins that play critical role pathology. approach has produce with improved efficacy safety profiles. However, there are limitations challenges associated these emerging technologies. Therefore, identifying overcoming optimizing antivenoms. review aimed at presenting thorough overview diverse antivenom, emphasizing their offering insights into prospects advancing

Language: Английский

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Prospect of using ethnobotanicals to manage snakebites in a cost-effective manner: validating Senegalia mellifera extract's inhibitory potential on Naja nigricincta nigricincta (zebra cobra) venom

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Abstract Background Despite Naja nigricincta being responsible for most snake envenomation in remote Namibian regions, an effective intervention against its venom remains undiscovered. This study aimed to scientifically validate folklore claims about Senegalia mellifera extract's efficacy envenomation. Methods In vitro assays were conducted assess the inhibitory potential of S. stem bark extract on phospholipase A2 (svPLA2) activity from N. n. venom. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and molecular docking predicted phytochemicals effects proteins. Results The svPLA2 assay demonstrated significant extract, reducing enzyme 100% as low 66.99%. GC-MS analysis indicated abundant presence terpenes having antisnake activity. Molecular identified capable neutralizing prevalent cobra toxins, that is, stigmasterol acetate, beta-Sitosterol vitamin E, kaur-15-ene, squalene 4,6-Cholestadien-3beta-ol. Conclusions plant cannot be considered a discrete treatment It may serve transient remedy impede toxic or supplement action antivenoms. Future research should at finding other plants with greater antivenom increase prospect using ethnobotanicals manage snakebites cost-effective manner.

Language: Английский

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Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Snakebite Envenomation: A Brief Descriptive Review and Clinical Implications

Toxins, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(11), P. 802 - 802

Published: Nov. 18, 2022

Snakebite envenoming is a pathological condition which may occur in response to the injection of venom. Snake venoms contain complex mixture biologically active molecules are responsible for broad spectrum clinical manifestations, ranging from local tissue injuries fatal complications. venom administration commonly provokes injury often associated with systemic effects, including neurotoxic and cardiotoxic bleeding, acute kidney injury, rhabdomyolysis. An important pathogenesis snake envenomation generation reactive oxygen species (ROS), can directly provoke damage also potentiate deleterious consequences inflammation at bite site. components known induce oxidative stress include phospholipases A2, metalloproteinases, three-finger toxins, L-amino acid oxidase. Clear evidence mounting suggesting that participate destructive effects envenoming, renal failure, necrosis, unusual susceptibility bleed (hemorrhage), mostly due hypocoagulability, neuro/cardio toxicity, myonecrosis. Impaired regulation set stage secondary/long-term complications snakebite such as musculoskeletal disabilities. Some aspects natural antioxidant therapeutic options discussed this review.

Language: Английский

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Recent advancements in snake antivenom production

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 240, P. 124478 - 124478

Published: April 25, 2023

Language: Английский

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Building an explanatory model for snakebite envenoming care in the Brazilian Amazon from the indigenous caregivers’ perspective

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. e0011172 - e0011172

Published: March 10, 2023

Background In the Brazilian Amazon, snakebite envenomings (SBE) disproportionately affect indigenous peoples. Communication between and biomedical health sectors in regards to SBEs has never been explored this region. This study aims build an explanatory model (EM) of healthcare domain for SBE patients from perspective caregivers. Methodology/Principal findings is a qualitative involving in-depth interviews eight caregivers who are representatives Tikuna, Kokama Kambeba ethnic groups, Alto Solimões River, western Amazon. Data analysis was carried out via deductive thematic analysis. A framework built containing explanations based on three components: etiology, course sickness, treatment. To caregivers, snakes enemies present conscience intention. Snakebites have natural or supernatural cause, last being more difficult prevent treat. Use ayahuasca tea strategy used by some identify underlying cause SBE. Severe lethal understood as having triggered sorcery. Treatment characterized four i) immediate self-care; ii) first care village, mostly including tobacco smoking, chants prayers, combined with intake animal bile emetic plants; iii) stay hospital, receive antivenom other treatments; iv) village after hospital discharge, which phase re-establishment well-being reintroduction into social life, using massages compresses affected limb, teas bitter plants. Dietary taboos behavioral interdictions (avoiding contact menstruating pregnant women) complications, relapses, death, must be performed up months snakebite. Caregivers favor treatment areas. Conclusions/Significance There potential articulation different improve management Amazon region, aim decentralize so that it occurs centers active participation

Language: Английский

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An Update on the Chemical Constituents and Biological Properties of Selected Species of an Underpinned Genus of Red Algae: Chondrus

Marine Drugs, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 47 - 47

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

Macroalgae, particularly red seaweeds, have attracted significant attention due to their economic and health benefits. Chondrus, a algae genus, despite its importance, seems be undervalued. Among all species, Chondrus crispus has been meticulously documented for biological properties, little is known about other species. No comprehensive review of the properties this genus acknowledged. Thus, aimed summarize available information on chemical constituents few selected including crispus, ocellatus, Mazzaella canaliculata, armatus. We compiled discovered that offering most important health-promoting benefits evidenced from in vitro vivo studies focused antimicrobial, immunomodulation, neuroprotection, anti-atopic, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-diabetic, cytoprotective, antioxidant, anti-coagulation, nephroprotective, anti-tumor, anti-venom activity, which speaks potential genus. Data clinical are limited. Further, around 105 reported spp. Given significance, further investigation warranted, form planned cell, animal, concentrate novel health-enhancing endeavors, order unveil full The also outlines challenges future directions.

Language: Английский

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Effect of Seaweed-Derived Fucoidans from Undaria pinnatifida and Fucus vesiculosus on Coagulant, Proteolytic, and Phospholipase A2 Activities of Snake Bothrops jararaca, B. jararacussu, and B. neuwiedi Venom

Toxins, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 188 - 188

Published: April 12, 2024

Background: Snakebite envenomation (SBE) causes diverse toxic effects in humans, including disability and death. Current antivenom therapies effectively prevent death but fail to block local tissue damage, leading an increase the severity of envenomation; thus, seeking alternative treatments is crucial. Methods: This study analyzed potential two fucoidan sulfated polysaccharides extracted from brown seaweeds Fucus vesiculosus (FVF) Undaria pinnatifida (UPF) against fibrinogen or plasma coagulation, proteolytic, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activities Bothrops jararaca, B. jararacussu, neuwiedi venom. The toxicity FVF UPF was assessed by hemocompatibility test. Results: did not lyse human red blood cells. inhibited proteolytic activity venom approximately 25%, 50%, 75%, respectively, while all venoms led a 20% inhibition PLA2 activity. delayed coagulation caused jararaca affect jararacussu blocked induced these Bothropic venoms. Conclusion: may be importance as adjuvants for SBE species Bothrops, which are most medically relevant snakebite incidents South America, especially Brazil.

Language: Английский

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Metabolomics and proteomics: synergistic tools for understanding snake venom inhibition

Archives of Toxicology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Language: Английский

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Datura alba seed proteins effect on snake venom enzymes with antioxidant and antibacterial activities

Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. 81 - 88

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

This study assessed the inhibitory potential of proteins extracted from Datura alba seeds on snake venom toxic enzymes along with their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Crude were using common biological buffers (20 mM acetate, 20 phosphate Tris) at a ratio 1:5 followed by 80 % ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, lyophilization. Then lyophilized extracts resolved 15 sodium dodecyl polyacrylamide electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gels. The Tris extract showing maximum number protein bands SDS gel was further for bioactivities. Specifically, agar well diffusion method performed to assess activities phospholipase A2 (PLA2), protease, α-amylase 2 egg yolk, 5 skim milk 1 starch as substrates, respectively. Naja naja, Echis carinatus venom, human saliva used sources PLA2, amylase, respectively, test activity these enzymes. Antioxidant determined 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay ascorbic acid standard. Antibacterial Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus bacterial sources. seed exhibited 19 inhibition PLA2 concentration 125 μg/μL concentration, whereas no protease or observed highest concentrations analyzed. Significant (44.9 %) 600 μg/μL, while α-amylase-enhancing in concentration-dependent manner noted. results this demonstrated neutralization, which is major enzyme present significant properties. highlights an antiophidic other therapeutically important applications.

Language: Английский

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A comprehensive review on recent advances in the use of ethnomedicinal plants and their metabolites in snake bite treatment

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 12, 2025

Snakebites are a severe medical and social issue, particularly in tropical subtropical countries with minimal facilities, where the most dangerous snakes found. Worldwide, rural areas use medicinal plants alone or combination as antidotes for snakebite treatment. Local knowledge of treatment plays more critical role primary healthcare services areas. As result this review, it is revealed that 39% herbs, 38% shrubs, 18% trees, 2% climbers, bulbs, 1% ferns have snake antivenom potential, which indicative presence numerous phytochemicals such alkaloids, coumarins, curcuminoids, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, cinnamic acid particular plants. According to availability information, data focus on plants, their families, parts from various literature sources. In future, valuable reported here phytoconstituents may be potential sources developing effective natural drugs bite treatments. Therefore, review comprehensive study bioactive compounds.

Language: Английский

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