Results in Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24, P. 102790 - 102790
Published: Sept. 5, 2024
Language: Английский
Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 511 - 511
Published: March 14, 2024
Neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), traumatic brain injury (TBI) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are chronic major health disorders. The exact mechanism of the neuroimmune dysfunctions these pathogeneses is currently not clearly understood. These show dysregulated inflammatory responses, activation neurons, glial cells, neurovascular unit damage associated with excessive release proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, neurotoxic mediators, infiltration peripheral immune cells into brain, as well entry mediators through damaged endothelial blood–brain barrier tight junction proteins. Activation leads to many molecules that cause neuroinflammation neurodegeneration. Gulf War Illness (GWI) myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) also dysfunctions. Currently, there no effective disease-modifying therapeutic options available for diseases. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes, microglia, pericytes used models drug discovery. This review highlights certain recent trends in neuroinflammatory responses iPSC-derived applications
Language: Английский
Citations
29
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(10), P. 5168 - 5168
Published: May 9, 2024
Microglia are key players in the brain’s innate immune response, contributing to homeostatic and reparative functions but also inflammatory underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration. Targeting microglia modulating their function may have therapeutic potential for mitigating neuroinflammation The anti-inflammatory properties essential oils suggest that some components be useful regulating microglial microglial-associated neuroinflammation. This study, starting from ethnopharmacological premises benefits aromatic plants, assessed evidence oil modulation microglia, investigating pharmacological mechanisms. Current knowledge phytoconstituents, safety components, neuroprotective effects were reviewed. review encompasses Thymus spp., Artemisia Ziziphora clinopodioides, Valeriana jatamansi, Acorus others as well including 1,8-cineole, β-caryophyllene, β-patchoulene, carvacrol, β-ionone, eugenol, geraniol, menthol, linalool, thymol, α-asarone, α-thujone. Essential target PPAR/PI3K-Akt/MAPK signalling pathways could supplement other approaches modulate inflammation treat neurodegenerative diseases, particularly cases where reactive play a part pathophysiological
Language: Английский
Citations
17
Journal of Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(1)
Published: Nov. 17, 2022
Abstract Microglia represent the first line of immune feedback in brain. Beyond surveillance, they are essential for maintaining brain homeostasis. Recent research has revealed microglial cells' spatiotemporal heterogeneity based on their local and time-based functions trauma or disease when homeostasis is disrupted. Distinct "microglial signatures" have been recorded physiological states injuries, with discrete sometimes overlapping pro- anti-inflammatory functions. involved neurological repair processes, such as neurovascular unit restoration synaptic plasticity, manage extent damage due to phenotype switching. The versatility cellular phenotypes beyond classical M1/M2 classification, well double-edge actions microglia neurodegeneration, indicate need further exploration cell dynamics contribution neurodegenerative processes. This review discusses homeostatic different subsets focusing neuropathological conditions. Also, we address feasibility targeting a therapeutic strategy diseases.
Language: Английский
Citations
60
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(9), P. 7960 - 7960
Published: April 27, 2023
Autoimmune neuroinflammatory diseases are a group of disorders resulting from abnormal immune responses in the nervous system, causing inflammation and tissue damage. The interleukin (IL) family cytokines, especially IL-1, IL-6, IL-17, plays critical role pathogenesis these diseases. IL-1 is involved activation cells, production pro-inflammatory promotion blood-brain barrier breakdown. IL-6 essential for differentiation T cells into Th17 has been implicated initiation progression neuroinflammation. IL-17 potent cytokine produced by that crucial recruiting to sites inflammation. This review summarizes current understanding roles different interleukins autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral Alzheimer's disease, neuromyelitis optica, encephalitis, discusses potential targeting ILs as therapeutic strategy against We also highlight need further research better understand identify new targets treating debilitating
Language: Английский
Citations
34
Aging and Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 0 - 0
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Alzheimer’s disease, one of the most common forms dementia, is characterized by a slow progression cognitive impairment and neuronal loss. Currently, approved treatments for AD are hindered various side effects limited efficacy. Despite considerable research, practical have not been developed. Increasing evidence shows that glial cells, especially microglia astrocytes, essential in initiation AD. During progression, activated resident increases ability resting astrocytes to transform into reactive promoting neurodegeneration. Extensive clinical molecular studies show involvement astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation pathology, indicating may be potential therapeutic targets This review will summarize significant recent advances pathogenesis three parts. First, we typical pathological changes discuss terms function phenotypic changes. Second, describe astrocytes’ physiological role These roles include inflammatory response, “eat me” “don’t eat signals, Aβ seeding, propagation, clearance, synapse loss, synaptic pruning, remyelination, demyelination. Last, pharmacological non-pharmacological therapies targeting We conclude development Therefore, understanding new critical future trials. Moreover, pharmacological, with specific investigating damage repair, promising research direction regarding treatment prevention.
Language: Английский
Citations
29
Journal of Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)
Published: July 30, 2024
Abstract Background Recent trials of anti-amyloid-β (Aβ) monoclonal antibodies, including lecanemab and donanemab, in early Alzheimer disease (AD) showed that these drugs have limited clinical benefits their use comes with a significant risk serious adverse events. Thus, it seems crucial to explore complementary therapeutic approaches. Genome-wide association studies identified robust associations between AD several genes related immune response, but not restricted CD33 TREM2 . Here, we critically reviewed the current knowledge on candidate neuroinflammatory biomarkers role characterizing pathophysiology AD. Main body Neuroinflammation is recognized be contributing component pathogenesis. The fact neuroinflammation most likely present from earliest pre-stages co-occurs deposition Aβ reinforces need precisely define sequence nature Numerous involving anti-inflammatory previously yielded unfavorable outcomes mild-to-moderate Although reasons behind failures remain unclear, may include time target selected for intervention. Indeed, our review, observed stage-dependent process brain. While initial activation glial cells counteracts brain deposition, downregulation functional state microglia occurs at more advanced stages. To address this issue, personalized modulation therapy required. emergence reliable blood-based biomarkers, particularly fibrillary acidic protein, marker reactive astrocytes, facilitate classification patients based ATI(N) biomarker framework. This expands upon traditional (“A”), tau (“T”), neurodegeneration (“N”), by incorporating novel inflammatory (“I”). Conclusions review outlines potential and, importantly, emphasizes longitudinal analyses, which are needed accurately monitor dynamics cerebral inflammation. Such precise information place will required before interventions can considered evaluation. We propose an effective anti-neuroinflammatory should specifically while considering individual status patients.
Language: Английский
Citations
15
Molecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(7), P. 1478 - 1478
Published: March 26, 2024
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex degenerative of the central nervous system that clinically characterized by progressive decline in memory and cognitive function. The pathogenesis AD intricate not yet fully understood. Neuroinflammation, particularly microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation, believed to play crucial role increasing risk, triggering onset, hastening progression AD. Modulating activation regulating energy metabolic disorder are seen as promising strategies intervene application anti-inflammatory drugs targeting microglia for prevention treatment has emerged new area research interest. This article provides comprehensive review neuroinflammation regulation development AD, exploring connection between disorder, development. Additionally, advancements microglia-regulating therapies discussed.
Language: Английский
Citations
14
Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)
Published: May 7, 2024
Abstract Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent form of dementia leading to memory loss, reduced cognitive and linguistic abilities, decreased self-care. Current AD treatments aim relieve symptoms slow progression, but cure elusive due limited understanding the underlying mechanisms. Main content Stem cell technology has potential revolutionize research. With ability self-renew differentiate into various types, stem cells are valuable tools for modeling, drug screening, therapy. Recent advances have broadened our beyond deposition amyloidβ (Aβ) or tau proteins in encompass risk genes, immune system disorders, neuron–glia mis-communication, relying heavily on cell-derived models. These cell-based models (e.g., organoids microfluidic chips) simulate vivo pathological processes with extraordinary spatial temporal resolution. technologies alleviate pathology through pathways, including immunomodulation, replacement damaged neurons, neurotrophic support. In recent years, transplantation glial like oligodendrocytes infusion exosomes become hot research topics. Conclusion Although therapies face several challenges, such as extended culture time low differentiation efficiency, they still show considerable treatment likely preferred
Language: Английский
Citations
12
Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 71, P. 103105 - 103105
Published: March 4, 2024
Cognitive dysfunction can occur both in normal aging and age-related neurological disorders, such as mild cognitive impairment Alzheimer's disease (AD). These disorders have few treatment options due to side effects limited efficacy. New approaches slow decline are urgently needed. Dietary interventions (nutraceuticals) received considerable attention because they exhibit strong neuroprotective properties may help prevent or minimize AD symptoms. Biological is driven by a series of interrelated mechanisms, including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, autophagy, which function through various signaling pathways. Recent clinical preclinical studies shown that dietary small molecules derived from natural sources, flavonoids, carotenoids, polyphenolic acids, modulate damage, impairments, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy dysregulation, gut microbiota dysbiosis. This paper reviews research on different their bioactive constituents the AD. Additionally, chemical structure, effective dose, specific molecular mechanisms action comprehensively explored. also discusses advantages using nanotechnology-based drug delivery, significantly enhances oral bioavailability, safety, therapeutic effect, lowers risk adverse effects. agents potential novel safe combat
Language: Английский
Citations
11
The Neuroscientist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: May 20, 2024
Microglia are a specialized type of neuroimmune cells that undergo morphological and molecular changes through multiple signaling pathways in response to pathological protein aggregates, neuronal death, tissue injury, or infections. express Trem2, which serves as receptor for multitude ligands enhancing their phagocytic activity. Trem2 has emerged critical modulator microglial activity, especially many neurodegenerative disorders. Human TREM2 mutations associated with an increased risk developing Alzheimer disease (AD) other diseases. plays dual roles neuroinflammation more specifically disease-associated microglia. Most recent developments on the mechanisms emphasizing its role uptake clearance amyloid β (Aβ) aggregates debris help protect preserve brain, encouraging. Although normally stimulates defense mechanisms, dysregulation can intensify inflammation, poses major therapeutic challenges. Recent approaches targeting via agonistic antibodies gene therapy methodologies present possible avenues reducing burden This review highlights promise target, Aβ-associated AD, calls mechanistic investigations understand context-specific effective therapies against
Language: Английский
Citations
10