Longitudinal Analysis of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses and Breakthrough Infection following BNT162b2/BNT162b2/BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1/ChAdOx1/BNT162b2 Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort in Naive Healthcare Workers

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 1613 - 1613

Published: Oct. 19, 2023

Assessing immune responses post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is crucial for optimizing vaccine strategies. This prospective study aims to evaluate and breakthrough infection in 235 infection-naïve healthcare workers up 13-15 months after initial two groups (108 BNT/BNT/BNT 127 ChAd/ChAd/BNT). Immune were assessed using the interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay, total immunoglobulin, neutralizing activity through surrogate virus neutralization test at nine different time points. Both exhibited peak one second or third dose, followed by gradual declines over six months. Notably, ChAd group a increase ELISPOT results, but their antibody levels declined more rapidly reaching response compared BNT group. Six both had substantial cellular responses, with superior humoral (p < 0.05). As many as 55 participants displayed higher activities against Omicron variants, similar individuals, suggesting cross-immunity. Distinct classifications (<30%, >80% inhibition) correlated results. Our reveals diverse patterns based on strategies infections, emphasizing importance of understanding these dynamics optimized decisions.

Language: Английский

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Combined monitoring of IgG and IgA anti-Spike and anti-Receptor binding domain long term responses following BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in Greek healthcare workers

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(11), P. e0277827 - e0277827

Published: Nov. 21, 2022

Studies on the humoral response to homologous BNT162b2 mRNA-vaccination focus mainly IgG antibody dynamics, while long-term IgA kinetics are understudied. Herein, of and levels against trimeric-Spike (S) Receptor-Binding-Domain (RBD) were evaluated by in-house ELISAs in 146 two-dose vaccinated Greek healthcare workers (HCWs) a 9-month period at six time points (up 270 days after first dose). The effect booster third dose was also studied evaluated. peak immune observed 21 second dose; 100% seroconversion rate for anti-S anti-RBD IgG, 99.7% 96.3% respectively IgA. displayed higher increase compared Declining but persistent anti-SARS-CoV-2 detected 9 months vaccination; approached those dose, more rapid reduction antibodies led significantly lower both classes, supporting need dose. Indeed, resulted enhanced whereas didn’t exceed Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, flu vaccination, BMI<35 occurrence an adverse event upon associated with over time, which however negatively affected age presence chronic diseases. Overall, concurrently using S RBD target-antigens ELISAs, we report addition persistence antibodies. Regarding levels, mRNA vaccination gives rise effective anti-viral protection up correlated age. Considering that COVID-19 is still matter public concern, vaccine doses remain critical vulnerable individuals.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 and the COVID-19 Vaccine in Japan—A Review from a General Physician’s Perspective

Pharmacoepidemiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(3), P. 188 - 208

Published: June 21, 2023

More than 3 years have passed since the emergence of COVID-19. On 8 May 2023, COVID-19 in Japan was downgraded to Category 5 by Infectious Disease Control Law. In Japan, at beginning pandemic 2020, cases infection and deaths from severe disease were few compared with those Western countries. However, medical field, screening for given top priority, resulting confusion proving disadvantageous many patients. The overreaction as most important issue society can be attributed largely statements infectious experts. addition, mRNA vaccine emerged 2021, population vaccinated up two times within a short period less 1 year because experts strongly promoted vaccination. After 2022, when vaccination progressed Omicron strain, which is an attenuated became mainstay SARS-CoV-2, number decreased significantly; however, infected people increased dramatically instead. A significant portion thought hybrid immunity due plus natural maintains high antibody titer levels. Henceforth, additional should preferentially who will benefit it. Conversely, measures against caused serious damage economy society. Policies that not only address countermeasures infection, but also encompass whole, are necessary.

Language: Английский

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Antibody Persistence and Safety through 6 Months after Heterologous Orally Aerosolised Ad5-nCoV in individuals primed with two-dose CoronaVac previously

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 28, 2022

Abstract Background Heterologous orally administered adenovirus type-5 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) in individuals who were primed with two-dose CoronaVac (an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, by Sinovac) previously, has been reported to be safe and highly immunogenic within 28 days post-boosting. However, antibody persistence safety up 6 months of this regimen are not yet. Methods This is a randomized, open label, single-center trial on immunogenicity heterologous boost immunization an aerosolised Ad5-nCoV vs. homologous after priming Chinese adults aged 18 years older ( NCT05043259 ). We followed the participants trial, including 140 low-dose group, 139 high-dose group for months. Neutralising antibodies (NAbs) against live wild-type virus omicron variant, receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG detected serum samples collected at days, 3 months, booster dose. Serious adverse events (SAEs) documented till month 6. Results The immunisation groups had NAb GMTs 1937.3 [95% CI 1466.9, 2558.4] 1350.8 952.6, 1915.3], which 26.4 folds 18.4 higher than that did (73.5 52.3, 103.3]) days. 530.1 (95% 412.5, 681.1) 457.6 (95%CI 349.4, 599.2), 26.0 22.4 (20.4 [95%CI 14.3, 29.1]) respectively. At 312.9 237.7, 411.8) 251.1 178.2, 354.0), 30.1 24.1 (10.4 7.8, 14.0]), Additionally, variant 52.0 37.2, 72.6) 23.1 15.7, 33.9) 27.9 18.8, 41.3) 23.3 16.2, 33.3) 16.0 10.9, 23.5) 12.0 8.5, 16.8) nearly all no detectable NAbs either or No vaccine-related SAEs observed. Conclusions These data suggested following was persistently more three-dose CoronaVac, although immune responses waned over time.

Language: Английский

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Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in people with cystic fibrosis

Vaccine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 41(28), P. 4114 - 4120

Published: May 22, 2023

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA Response in Tears of Vaccinated COVID-19 Subjects

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 399 - 399

Published: Jan. 30, 2023

Secretory IgA (sIgA), which may play an important role in the early defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection, were detected eye of COVID-19 patients. However, evaluation sIgA response tears vaccinated or non-vaccinated subjects is still lacking. Aimed at characterizing mucosal immunity eye, this study analyzed tear samples from 77 patients, including 63 and 14 subjects. The groups showed similar epidemiological features, but as expected, differences observed percentage asymptomatic/pauci-symptomatic vs. cohort (46% 29% total, respectively). Consistent with this, ocular values, evaluated by a specific quantitative ELISA assay, remarkably different group for both frequency (69.8% 57.1%, respectively) titer (1372.3 U/mL 143.7 U/mL, respectively; p = 0.01), was significantly differently elevated depending on type administered vaccine. data show first time significant available vaccines to elicit suggest that tear-based tests potentially serve rapid easily accessible biomarker assessment development protective toward SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

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Trends in Antibody Titers after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination - Insights from a Self-Paid Tests at a General Internal Medicine Clinic

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 8, 2023

Abstract Background The rise in antibody titers against the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), and its duration is considered an important indicator for confirming efficacy of COVID-19 vaccine, self-paid tests titer are conducted at many facilities nationwide. Methods relationship between number days after second third dose vaccines, age, was determined from medical records general internal medicine clinics that testing SARS-CoV-2 using Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S (Roche Diagnostics), as well two or more vaccines titer. We also examined cases spontaneous infection with doses vaccine. Results Age were negatively correlated 86 subjects whose measured within 1 month vaccination In 31 one age showed a negative correlation (p<0.01). mean 20704.9±16820.7 U/mL, than 10 times vaccine 1601.9±1297.9 U/mL. There fourth tens thousands infection, but they still received further booster vaccinations infection. Discussion trend It people Japan even though already had U/mL by “hybrid immunity” following Conclusion After measuring titers, those low should be done on priority basis.

Language: Английский

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Longitudinal changes in IgG-type SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers after COVID-19 vaccination and, prominent increase in antibody titers when infected after vaccination

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

Abstract [Objective] Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody titers level and duration of elevated levels are considered important indicators for confirming the efficacy disease 2019 (COVID–19) vaccines. The objective this study was to demonstrate changes in after second third doses COVID–19 vaccine, determine cases spontaneous infection with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. [Materials Methods] From June 2021 February 2023, IgG-type were measured 127 participants, including 74 outpatients 53 staffs, at Osaka Dental University Hospital (65 males 62 females, mean age 52.3 ± 19.1 years). [Results] Consistent previous reports, titer decreased time, not only dose, but also dose vaccine if there is no infection. We confirmed that booster vaccination effective increasing titer. 21 natural infections observed administering two or more vaccine. 13 these patients had post-infection exceeding 40,000 AU/mL, some continued maintain tens thousands AU/mL even than 6 months passed since [Conclusion] rise against novel A longitudinal follow-up larger studies warranted.

Language: Английский

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Cross-reactive humoral and CD4+ T cell responses to Mu and Gamma SARS-CoV-2 variants in a Colombian population

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: July 27, 2023

The SARS CoV-2 antibody and CD4+ T cell responses induced by natural infection and/or vaccination decline over time cross-recognize other viral variants at different levels. However, there are few studies evaluating the levels durability of CoV-2-specific response against Mu, Gamma, Delta variants. Here, we examined, in two ambispective cohorts naturally-infected vaccinated individuals, titers anti-RBD antibodies frequency SARS-CoV-2-specific cells up to 6 months after last antigen exposure. In SARS-CoV-2 declined post-symptoms onset. kinetic observed depended on severity disease, since individuals who developed severe COVID-19 maintained binding titers. Also, was detectable cross-recognition for variants, but poorly neutralized Mu. vaccines an increase 15-30 days receiving second dose, these decreased months. as expected, a third dose vaccine caused rise dynamics upon previous Lower vaccine-induced were associated with development breakthrough infections. Vaccination resulted central memory spike-specific that cross-recognized peptides from Gamma Mu their duration also addition, found cross-reactive unexposed unvaccinated individuals. These results have important implications design new interest concern.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Antibody Levels among Various Vaccination Groups, One-Year Antibody Follow-Up in Two University Hospitals from Western and Central Turkey

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 59 - 59

Published: Jan. 7, 2024

Various clinical outcomes, reinfections, vaccination programs, and antibody responses resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated time-dependent changes in SARS-CoV-2 infected and/or vaccinated unvaccinated individuals to provide insights into spike nucleocapsid antibodies, which fluctuate during infectious non-infectious states. cohort was carried out at Ege University Faculty of Medicine hospital İzmir (western Turkey) Erciyes Kayseri (central between December 2021 January 2023, coincided with second half The included 100 PCR-positive patients 190 healthcare workers (HCWs). Antibody levels were followed up via quantitative anti-SARS-CoV-2 qualitative anti-nucleocapsid immunoassays (Elecsys™). declined after infection but persisted for least 6-8 months. Individuals who had received only CoronaVac higher early months than those mixed vaccination. However, anti-spike antibodies longer vaccinations. suggests that combining two different vaccine platforms may a synergistic effect, resulting more durable broad-spectrum immunity against SARS-CoV-2. provides information about status pandemic valuable dynamics

Language: Английский

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