Antibody longevity and waning following COVID-19 vaccination in a 1-year longitudinal cohort in Bangladesh

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 20, 2024

Abstract COVID-19 vaccines have been effective in preventing severe illness, hospitalization and death, however, the effectiveness diminishes with time. Here, we evaluated longevity of antibodies generated by COIVD-19 risk (re)infection Bangladeshi population. Adults receiving two doses AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Moderna or Sinopharm were enrolled at 2–4 weeks after second dosing followed-up 4-monthly interval for 1 year. Data on COVID-like symptoms, confirmed infection, co-morbidities, receipt booster dose collected; blood was collected measuring spike (S)- nucleocapsid (N)-specific antibodies. S-specific antibody titers reduced ~ 50% 1st follow-up visit continued to decline unless re-stimulated vaccine (re)infection. Individuals infected between visits showed significantly lower S-antibody preceding compared uninfected individuals. Pre-enrolment infection primary vaccination exhibited 60% protection against reinfection 5 9 months, respectively. mRNA provided highest odds from up months (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.08), persisted AstraZeneca recipients (OR 0.06). In conclusion, vaccine-mediated is partially linked elevated levels longest protection.

Language: Английский

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Emerging heterologous mRNA-based booster strategies within the COVID-19 vaccine landscape

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2023

Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccine platforms used for the development of mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 have provided a robust adaptable approach to offer protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, as variants concern (VoCs), such omicron associated sub-variants, emerge, boosting strategies must also adapt keep pace with changing landscape. Heterologous vaccination regimens involving administration booster vaccines different than primary series practical, effective, safe continue reduce global burden disease 2019 (COVID-19). To understand immunogenicity, effectiveness, safety heterologous mRNA-based strategies, relevant clinical real-world observational studies were identified summarized. Overall, that are currently available those in will play an important role protecting individuals from COVID-19 caused by emerging VoCs.

Language: Английский

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Alcohol consumption does not influence SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity: A stop the spread Ottawa cohort analysis

Vaccine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 55, P. 127034 - 127034

Published: March 22, 2025

Language: Английский

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Silicon or Calcium Doping Coordinates the Immunostimulatory Effects of Aluminum Oxyhydroxide Nanoadjuvants in Prophylactic Vaccines

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(26), P. 16878 - 16894

Published: June 20, 2024

Aluminum salts still remain as the most popular adjuvants in marketed human prophylactic vaccines due to their capability trigger humoral immune responses with a good safety record. However, insufficient induction of cellular limits further applications. In this study, we prepare library silicon (Si)- or calcium (Ca)-doped aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOOH) nanoadjuvants. They exhibit well-controlled physicochemical properties, and dopants are homogeneously distributed By using Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) model antigen, doped AlOOH nanoadjuvants mediate higher uptake promote lysosome escape HBsAg through lysosomal rupture induced by dissolution dopant lysosomes bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Additionally, accumulation cell activation draining lymph nodes. varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E (gE) vaccination models, induce high IgG titer, activations CD4+ CD8+ T cells, cytotoxic lymphocytes, generations effector memory cells. Doping salt-based biological profiles immunostimulating is potential strategy robust immunity. It potentiates applications engineered development coordinated responses.

Language: Английский

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Assessment of humoral and cellular immunity after bivalent BNT162b2 vaccination and potential association with reactogenicity

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 61(7), P. 1343 - 1348

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Abstract Objectives This study investigated the feasibility and clinical value of using a novel, automated high-throughput SARS-CoV-2 Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA), combined with total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies assessment, for evaluating immune response after bivalent BNT162b2 vaccination. Methods A cohort healthcare workers, who already underwent primary vaccination boosting monovalent vaccine, received booster dose new formulation. Blood samples were taken immediately before (T0) 1 month afterwards (T1). Humoral cellular immunity assayed Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IGRA SARS-CoV-2, respectively. Results The population consisted 51 subjects (median age: 43 years; 51% females). Total values increased at T1 from 9,050 to 25,000 BAU/mL (p<0.001), 0.44 0.78 IU/mL (p=0.385), accounting median increase 2.0 1.6 folds, Increased recorded in 100% 68.6% subjects, In those baseline below median, post-vaccine levels displayed larger increases 3.3 5.1 folds variation was inversely associated their T0 (r=−0.97; p<0.001), whilst that its (r=−0.58; p<0.001). No other signifcant associations found demographical or variables, including side effects. Conclusions vaccine enhances humoral against especially recipients lower biological protection.

Language: Английский

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Cellular immune response of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: July 26, 2023

Evidence has demonstrated inferior humoral immune responses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients compared to the general population. However, data on cellular this population have not been established. We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases included studies reporting response rates receiving vaccines. Studies that reported factors associated with responders or non-responders were also (PROSPERO: CRD42022375544). From a total of 1,494 articles searched, 53 meta-analysis. In all, 21 assessed by interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (IFN-γ ELISPOT), 22 used release assay (IGRA), 10 flow cytometric analysis. The pooled rate two doses (standard regimen) three was 47.5% (95%CI 38.4-56.7%) 69.1% 56.3-80.6%) from IFN-γ ELISPOT, 25.8% 19.7-32.4%) 14.7% 8.5-22.2%) IGRA, 73.7% 55.2-88.8%) 86.5% 75.3-94.9%) cytometry, respectively. Recipients seroconversion higher chance having (OR 2.58; 95%CI 1.89-3.54). Cellular lower than dialysis patients 0.24; 0.16-0.34) 0.10; 0.07-0.14). Age immunosuppressants containing tacrolimus corticosteroid response. Age, tacrolimus, poor should be prioritized studies. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022375544.

Language: Английский

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Humoral and cellular immune responses after COVID-19 vaccination of lung transplant recipients and patients on the waiting list: a 6-month follow-up

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Background Data on cellular response and the decay of antibodies T cells in time are scarce lung transplant recipients (LTRs). Additionally, development durability humoral immune responses have not been investigated patients waitlist for transplantation (WLs). Here, we report our 6-month follow-up LTRs WLs, compared with controls. Methods Humoral to two doses mRNA-1273 vaccination were assessed by determining spike (S)-specific IgG neutralizing antibodies. Cellular interferon gamma (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA) IFN-γ ELISpot at 28 days 6 months after second vaccination. Results In LTRs, level T-cell was significantly lower Also, WLs had antibody titers Six vaccination, all groups showed a decrease responses. rate decline higher than Conclusion Our results show that if they develop, rates comparable contrast, inferior rapid both WL imply may be protected adequately vaccinations repeat boostering necessary induce protection lasts beyond immediately post-transplantation.

Language: Английский

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Integrated antibody and cellular immunity monitoring are required for assessment of the long term protection that will be essential for effective next generation vaccine development

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Nov. 23, 2023

The COVID pandemic exposed the critical role T cells play in initial immunity, establishment and maintenance of long term protection, durable responsiveness against novel viral variants. A growing body evidence indicates that adding measures cellular immunity will fill an important knowledge gap vaccine clinical trials, likely leading to improvements effectiveness next generation vaccines current emerging In depth immune monitoring Phase II particularly for high risk populations such as elderly or compromised, should result better understanding dynamics requirements establishing effective protection. Such analyses can correlates then be deployed III studies using appropriate, scalable technologies. Measures are less established than antibodies some misconceptions persist about usefulness, cost, complexity, feasibility, scalability. We outline currently available assays, review their readiness use logistical requirements, type information each assay generates. objective is provide a reliable source could leveraged develop rational approach comprehensive during development.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 in kidney transplantation-implications for immunosuppression and vaccination

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Nov. 23, 2022

COVID-19 pandemic continues to challenge the transplant community, given increased morbidity and mortality associated with disease poor response prevention measures such as vaccination. Transplant recipients have a diminished both mRNA vector-based vaccines compared dialysis general population. The currently available assays measure vaccination includes commercially antibody for anti-Spike Ab, or anti- Receptor Binding Domain Ab. Positive testing on does not always correlate neutralizing antibodies unless levels are high. Vaccinations help boosting polyfunctional CD4+ T cell response, which improve subsequent booster doses. Ongoing efforts vaccine by using additional doses heterologous combinations underway. There is improved in moderate responders; however, ones initial doses, continue sequential boosters. Factors include diabetes, older age, specific immunosuppressants belatacept, high dose mycophenolate. In responders, decrease immunosuppression can increase COVID infection has been an risk of rejection. Pre- Post-exposure monoclonal provide further protection against infection, especially responders. However, efficacy challenged emergence new viral strains. A recently approved bivalent offers better Omicron variant.

Language: Английский

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Intranasal Immunization With Nanoparticles Containing an Orientia tsutsugamushi Protein Vaccine Candidate and a Polysorbitol Transporter Adjuvant Enhances Both Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses

Immune Network, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(6)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Scrub typhus, a mite-borne infectious disease, is caused by

Language: Английский

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