Comorbidities and covid-19

BMJ, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. o1431 - o1431

Published: June 15, 2022

Language: Английский

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Pathophysiological, immunological, and inflammatory features of long COVID

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to cause severe global disruption, resulting in significant excess mortality, overwhelming healthcare systems, and imposing substantial social economic burdens on nations. While most of the attention therapeutic efforts have concentrated acute phase disease, a notable proportion survivors experience persistent symptoms post-infection clearance. This diverse set symptoms, loosely categorized as long COVID, presents potential additional public health crisis. It is estimated that 1 5 exhibit clinical manifestations consistent with COVID. Despite this prevalence, mechanisms pathophysiology COVID remain poorly understood. Alarmingly, evidence suggests cases within condition develop debilitating or disabling symptoms. Hence, urgent priority should be given further studies equip systems for its management. review provides an overview available information emerging condition, focusing affected individuals’ epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, immunological inflammatory profiles.

Language: Английский

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The burden of COVID-19 in primary care of Almaty, Kazakhstan, 2021–2022

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Primary healthcare played a crucial role during the COVID-19 pandemic by preventing, timely diagnosing, and referring severe cases to hospitals, as well monitoring counseling patients via telemedicine. We used cross-sectional approach analyze severity outcomes of 174,540 treated in primary care Almaty between 2021 2022, age, sex, disease severity, comorbidities. Outpatients with were mainly aged 30–39 (20.3%) mild course (88.9%). Among adults, females predominated (≥ 60–25.5% vs. 19.2%, < 0.001), among children (0–17), boys − 21.2% 12.1% (p 0.001). A higher risk for moderate adverse was assessed older particularly those 60 compared younger groups (OR = 9.01, 95% CI: 7.72–10.51). Pregnant women had low 0.5, 0.38–0.65). Patients concomitant at likelihood 0.001, OR 2.51, 1.9–3.15 obesity, p 1.43, 1.27–1.6 diabetes mellitus, 1.16, 1.07–1.26 arterial hypertension, 2.5, 2.13–3.02 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). The study emphasizes an often-overlooked impact on care, which is essential improving outpatient care.

Language: Английский

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Treatment of COVID‐19 patients with a SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific siRNA‐peptide dendrimer formulation

Allergy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 78(6), P. 1639 - 1653

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) infection frequently causes severe and prolonged disease but only few specific treatments are available. We aimed to investigate safety efficacy of a SARS-CoV-2-specific siRNA-peptide dendrimer formulation MIR 19® (siR-7-EM/KK-46) targeting conserved sequence in known SARS-CoV-2 variants for treatment COVID-19.We conducted an open-label, randomized, controlled multicenter phase II trial (NCT05184127) evaluating inhaled siR-7-EM/KK-46 (3.7 mg 11.1 mg/day: low high dose, respectively) comparison with standard etiotropic drug (control group) patients hospitalized moderate COVID-19 (N = 52 each group). The primary endpoint was the time clinical improvement according predefined criteria within 14 days randomization.Patients from low-dose group achieved defined by simultaneous achievement relief fever, normalization rate, reduction coughing, oxygen saturation >95% 48 h significantly earlier (median 6 days; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5-7, HR 1.75, p .0005) than control (8 CI: 7-10). No significant observed high-dose group. Adverse events were reported 26 (50.00%), 25 (48.08%), 28 (53.85%) low-, group, respectively. None them associated siR-7-EM/KK-46.siR-7-EM/KK-46, is safe, well tolerated reduces compared therapy randomized trial.

Language: Английский

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The Significance of Low Magnesium Levels in COVID-19 Patients

Medicina, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 59(2), P. 279 - 279

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

Magnesium is the fourth most common mineral in human body and second richest intracellular cation. This element necessary for many physiological reactions, especially cardiovascular respiratory systems. COVID-19 an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. The majority of people who become ill as a result have mild-to-moderate symptoms recover without specific treatment. Moreover, there are develop severe forms COVID-19, which require highly specialized medical assistance. deficiency may play role pathophysiology infection with primary manifestation remains respiratory, but virus can spread to other organs tissues, complicating clinical picture culminating multiorgan failure. key mechanisms involved include direct viral cytotoxicity, endothelial dysfunction, exaggerated release inflammatory cytokines. aim this review was summarize available data regarding magnesium patients its particularities different settings.

Language: Английский

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Dexamethasone for Inpatients With COVID-19 in a National Cohort

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(4), P. e238516 - e238516

Published: April 17, 2023

Importance Limited effective therapeutics are available to hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Clinical trials and observational studies have shown varying effects of systemic corticosteroids, including dexamethasone, in COVID-19, limited descriptions important patient subgroups. Objective To examine the clinical use dexamethasone for COVID-19 respiratory illness explore heterogeneity treatment outcomes across different Design, Setting, Participants This is a retrospective, propensity score–weighted cohort study adult at least 48 hours between July 1, 2020, October 31, 2021, large health care network 156 hospitals US. Data analysis was performed from March 2022 February 2023. Exposures Systemic administered within either admission or escalation oxygen support. Main Outcomes Measures All-cause in-hospital mortality discharge hospice. Results A total 80 699 who met eligibility criteria were identified (median [IQR] age, 64 [52-76] years; 37 606 women [46.6%]); 13 230 (16.4%) as Black, 49 222 (60.9%) White, 18 247 (22.6%) other race, 20 340 (25.2%) Hispanic ethnicity. Of these patients, 040 (16.2%) did not require supplemental admission, 56 368 (69.8%) required oxygen, 7618 (9.4%) noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), 3673 (4.6%) mechanical (MV) and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). After adjustment by score overlap weighting, early associated reduction composite outcome hospice receiving (aOR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86-0.98) MV ECMO 0.82; 0.68-0.99). In contrast, all-cause inpatient lower received no group 0.90; 0.78-1.03) NIPPV 0.87; 0.73-1.04). Importantly, more comorbidities had greater benefit use. Conclusions Relevance this national multicenter inpatients administration significantly reduced odds those requiring but NIPPV. These results support continued

Language: Английский

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The immune response as a double‐edged sword: The lesson learnt during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 167(3), P. 287 - 302

Published: Aug. 16, 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has represented an unprecedented challenge for the humanity, and scientists around world provided a huge effort to elucidate critical aspects in fight against pathogen, useful designing public health strategies, vaccines therapeutic approaches. One of first pieces evidence characterizing SARS-CoV-2 infection been its breadth clinical presentation, ranging from asymptomatic severe/deadly disease, indication key role played by immune response influencing disease severity. This review is aimed at summarizing what taught us about response, highlighting features double-edged sword mediating both protective pathogenic processes. We will discuss soluble cellular innate immunity detrimental power hyper-inflammation-shaped resulting tissue injury immunothrombotic events. importance B- T-cell reducing severity their ability cross-recognize viral variants.

Language: Английский

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Role of Demyelination in the Persistence of Neurological and Mental Impairments after COVID-19

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(19), P. 11291 - 11291

Published: Sept. 25, 2022

Long-term neurological and mental complications of COVID-19, the so-called post-COVID syndrome or long COVID, affect quality life. The most persistent manifestations COVID include fatigue, anosmia/hyposmia, insomnia, depression/anxiety, memory/attention deficits. physiological basis psychiatric disorders is still poorly understood. This review summarizes current knowledge sequelae in patients discusses brain demyelination as a possible mechanism these with focus on neuroimaging findings. Numerous reviews, experimental theoretical studies consider one mechanisms central neural system impairment. Several factors might cause demyelination, such inflammation, direct effect virus oligodendrocytes, cerebrovascular disorders, inducing myelin damage. There contradiction between solid fundamental underlying injuries relatively little published clinical evidence related to COVID-19 patients. reason for this probably lies fact that used conventional MRI techniques, which can detect only large, clearly visible demyelinating lesions. A very limited number use specific methods quantification detected changes white matter tracts 3 10 months after acute phase COVID-19. Future research applying quantitative assessment combination psychological will help understanding associated demyelination.

Language: Английский

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Mechanistic insight into the protective and pathogenic immune-responses against SARS-CoV-2

Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 156, P. 111 - 126

Published: March 10, 2023

Language: Английский

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The determinants of COVID-induced brain dysfunctions after SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

The severity of the pandemic and its consequences on health social care systems were quite diverse devastating. COVID-19 was associated with an increased risk neurological neuropsychiatric disorders after SARS-CoV-2 infection. We did a cross-sectional study 3 months post-COVID 178 Cuban subjects. Our has unique CUBAN cohort hospitalized patients healthy constructed latent variable for pre-health conditions (PHC) through Item Response Theory (IRT) symptoms (Post-COVID-NPS) Factor Analysis (FA). There seems to be potential causal relationship between determinants CIBD post-COVID-NPS in patients. relationships accessed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) revealed that PHC (

Language: Английский

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