The Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on the Cognitive Functioning of Patients with Pre-Existing Dementia

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 119 - 128

Published: Feb. 2, 2023

Background: Cognitive postscripts of COVID-19, codenamed as ‘cognitive COVID’ or ‘brain fog,’ characterized by multidomain cognitive impairments, are now being reckoned the most devastating sequelae COVID-19. However, impact on already demented brain has not been studied. Objective: We aimed to assess functioning and neuroimaging following SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with pre-existing dementia. Methods: Fourteen COVID-19 survivors dementia (four Alzheimer’s disease, five vascular dementia, three Parkinson’s disease two behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia) were recruited. All these had detailed evaluations within months before suffering from one year later. Results: Of 14 patients, ten required hospitalization. developed increased white matter hyperintensities that mimicked multiple sclerosis small vessel disease. There was a significant increase fatigue ( p = 0.001) depression 0.016) scores The mean Frontal Assessment Battery (p < Addenbrooke’s Examination also significantly worsened. Conclusion: rapid progression addition further impairments/deterioration abilities, new appearance lesion burden suggest previously compromised brains have little defense withstand insult (i.e., ‘second hit’ like infection/dysregulated immune response, inflammation). ‘Brain fog’ is an ambiguous terminology without specific attribution spectrum post-COVID-19 sequelae. propose codename, i.e. ‘FADE-IN MEMORY’ Fatigue, decreased Fluency, Attention deficit, Depression, Executive dysfunction, slowed INformation processing speed, subcortical MEMORY impairment).

Language: Английский

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Autonomic dysregulation in long-term patients suffering from Post-COVID-19 Syndrome assessed by heart rate variability

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Sept. 22, 2023

Abstract Post-COVID-19 Syndrome (PCS) is a condition with multiple symptoms partly related to dysregulation of the autonomic nerve system. Assessment heart rate variability (HRV) using 24 h Holter-ECG may serve as surrogate characterize cardiac activity. A prospective study including 103 PCS patients (time after infection = 252 days, age 49.0 ± 11.3 years, 45.7% women) was performed and underwent detailed clinical screening, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, Holter monitoring. Data compared CAD healthy control group (n 90). After correction for sex, frequency-related variables differed in controls LF/HFpower, LF/HFnu, LF/HF ratio (24 h; p ≤ 0.001). By contrast, these were largely comparable between patients, while sympathetic activation highest during period. Overall, showed disturbed diurnal adjustment HRV, impaired parasympathetic activity at night. Patients hospitalized acute an even more pronounced overactivation who ambulant care. Our data demonstrate persistent HRV alterations long-term symptom duration, suggesting sustained impairment sympathovagal balance. Moreover, overstimulation diminished response are findings patients. Whether have prognostic value and/or might biomarkers indicating successful interventional approach warrants further longitudinal studies.

Language: Английский

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Long COVID and its association with neurodegenerative diseases: pathogenesis, neuroimaging, and treatment

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 4, 2024

Corona Virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has presented unprecedented challenges to world. Changes after COVID-19 have had a significant impact on patients with neurodegenerative diseases. This study aims explore mechanism of diseases examining main pathways central nervous system infection SARS-CoV-2. Research indicated that chronic inflammation and abnormal immune response are primary factors leading neuronal damage long-term consequences COVID-19. In some patients, concurrent inflammatory leads increased release pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may significantly prognosis. Molecular imaging can accurately assess severity in phase. Furthermore, use FDG-PET is advocated quantify relationship between neuroinflammation psychiatric cognitive symptoms who recovered from Future development should focus aggressive post-infection control targeted therapies target ACE2 receptors, ERK1/2, Ca 2+ .

Language: Английский

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SARS-Cov-2 infection and neuropathological findings: a report of 18 cases and review of the literature

Acta Neuropathologica Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: May 10, 2023

Abstract Introduction COVID-19-infected patients harbour neurological symptoms such as stroke and anosmia, leading to the hypothesis that there is direct invasion of central nervous system (CNS) by SARS-CoV-2. Several studies have reported neuropathological examination brain samples from who died COVID-19. However, still sparse evidence virus replication in human brain, suggesting neurologic could be related mechanisms other than CNS infection virus. Our objective was provide an extensive review literature on findings postmortem COVID-19 report our own experience with 18 samples. Material methods We used microscopic examination, immunohistochemistry (using two different antibodies) PCR-based techniques describe presence SARS-CoV-2 For comparison, similar (IHC PCR) were applied lung tissue for each patient cohort. The systematic conducted beginning pandemic 2019 until June 1st, 2022. Results In cohort, most common perivascular haemosiderin-laden macrophages hypoxic-ischaemic changes neurons, which found all cases (n = 18). Only one sample harboured viral spike nucleocapsid protein expression, while RNA positivity PCR. A colocalization study revealed antigens located macrophages. highlighted frequent ischaemic haemorrhagic lesions, including hypoxic/ischaemic alterations. few confirmed Conclusion This lack specific alterations patients. There no neurotropism cohort or literature.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms by Which SARS-CoV-2 Invades and Damages the Central Nervous System: Apart from the Immune Response and Inflammatory Storm, What Else Do We Know?

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 663 - 663

Published: April 24, 2024

Initially reported as pneumonia of unknown origin, COVID-19 is increasingly being recognized for its impact on the nervous system, despite system invasions extremely rare. As a result, numerous studies have been conducted to elucidate mechanisms damage and propose appropriate coping strategies. This review summarizes by which SARS-CoV-2 invades damages central with specific focus aspects apart from immune response inflammatory storm. The latest research findings these are presented, providing new insights further in-depth research.

Language: Английский

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The Potential Role of Hypothalamic Phospholipid Liposomes in the Supportive Therapy of Some Manifestations of Post-COVID-19 Condition: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) and Brain Fog

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(17), P. 5478 - 5478

Published: Aug. 23, 2023

Post-COVID-19 condition (commonly known as Long COVID) is a heterogeneous clinical in which Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) and brain fog stand out among the different symptoms syndromes. Cerebral metabolic alterations neuroendocrine disorders seem to constitute an important part of pathophysiology (PCC). Given substantial lack specific drugs effective therapeutic strategies, hypothalamic phospholipid liposomes, have been on market for several years adjuvant therapy cerebral resulting from disorders, might represent potential option overall strategy that aims control PCC-associated Their pharmacological mechanisms effects strongly support their effectiveness PCC. Our initial experience seems corroborate this rationale. Further controlled research warranted order verify hypothesis.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 and Neurological Manifestations

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 1137 - 1137

Published: July 29, 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a newly emerged coronavirus, has sparked global pandemic with its airborne transmission and ability to infect asymptomatic patients. The pathophysiology is thought relate the binding of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2) receptors in body. These are widely expressed various body organs such as lungs, heart, gastrointestinal tract (GIT), brain. This article reviews current knowledge on symptoms disease 2019 (COVID-19), highlighting neurological that associated COVID-19, discussing possible mechanisms for SARS-CoV-2 virus infection

Language: Английский

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Demyelinating Diseases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(5), P. 4596 - 4596

Published: Feb. 27, 2023

Demyelinating diseases are a group of pathologies characterized by the alteration myelin-that is, coating that wraps around most nerve fibres central and peripheral nervous system, whose goal is improvement conduction preservation energy spent during action potential propagation [...].

Language: Английский

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Catalytic Antibodies May Contribute to Demyelination in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 63(1), P. 9 - 18

Published: Nov. 27, 2023

Here we report preliminary data demonstrating that some patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatiguesyndrome (ME/CFS) may have catalytic autoantibodies cause the breakdown of myelin basic protein (MBP). We propose these MBP-degradative antibodies are important to pathophysiology ME/CFS, particularly in occurrence white matter disease/demyelination. This is supported by magnetic resonance imagining studies show findings ME/CFS and could explain symptoms nerve pain muscle weakness. In this work, performed a series experiments on patient plasma samples where isolated characterized substrate-specific digest MBP. also tested glatiramer acetate (copaxone), an FDA approved immunomodulator treat multiple sclerosis, found it inhibits antibody digestion Furthermore, aprotinin, which specific serine protease inhibitor, specifically prevents MBP while other classes inhibitors had no effect. coincides published literature describing as having protease-like activity. Postpandemic research has provided several reports demyelination COVID-19. Because COVID-19 been described trigger for play bigger role those recently diagnosed ME/CFS. Therefore, studying proteolytic their target substrates, inhibitors, new mechanism action lead better treatment possible cure disease.

Language: Английский

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Neuroinflammation following SARS-CoV-2 infection

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 361 - 371

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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