Insights for COVID-19 in 2023

Revista Española de Quimioterapia, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(2), P. 114 - 124

Published: Dec. 12, 2022

Predictions for a near end of the pandemic by World Health Organization should be interpreted with caution. Current evidence indicates that efficacy fourth dose classical mRNA vaccines (BT162b2 or mRNA-1273) is low and short-lived in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection its predominant variant (Omicron). However, high against severe symptomatic infection, hospitalization death. The new being introduced are bivalent active Omicron variants. Potential to coming year include vaccine based on recombinant protein emulates receptor binding domain Spike under development Spanish company Hipra, as well nasal oral administration. Available information suggests COVID-19 can administered association influenza vaccination without particular complications. New drugs COVID-19, both antiviral anti-inflammatory, investigation, but this does not seem case monoclonal antibodies. indication use masks some circumstances will maintained next view accumulation scientific data their efficacy. Finally, long COVID Post-COVID syndrome may continue affect very proportion patients who have had disease, requiring combined diagnostic therapeutic resources.

Language: Английский

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Innate immunity and interferon in SARS-CoV-2 infection outcome

Immunity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 56(7), P. 1443 - 1450

Published: July 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Cationic crosslinked carbon dots-adjuvanted intranasal vaccine induces protective immunity against Omicron-included SARS-CoV-2 variants

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 9, 2023

Abstract Mucosal immunity plays a significant role in the first-line defense against viruses transmitted and infected through respiratory system, such as SARS-CoV-2. However, lack of effective safe adjuvants currently limits development COVID-19 mucosal vaccines. In current study, we prepare an intranasal vaccine containing cationic crosslinked carbon dots (CCD) SARS-CoV-2 antigen, RBD-HR with spontaneous antigen particlization. Intranasal immunization CCD/RBD-HR induces high levels antibodies broad-spectrum neutralization authentic viruses/pseudoviruses Omicron-included variants protects immunized female BALB/c mice from Omicron infection. Despite strong systemic cellular immune response stimulation, also potent determined by generation tissue-resident T cells lungs airway. Moreover, not only activates professional antigen-presenting (APCs), dendritic cells, but effectively targets nasal epithelial promotes binding via sialic acid, surprisingly provokes cells. We demonstrate that CCD is promising adjuvant for provoking might be candidate many types infectious diseases, including COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Infectious virus shedding duration reflects secretory IgA antibody response latency after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(52)

Published: Dec. 22, 2023

Infectious virus shedding from individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is used to estimate human-to-human transmission risk. Control of SARS-CoV-2 requires identifying the immune correlates that protect infectious shedding. Mucosal immunity prevents infection by SARS-CoV-2, which replicates in epithelium and spreads rapidly other hosts. However, whether mucosal SARS-CoV-2-infected unknown. We examined relationship between viral RNA dynamics, duration shedding, antibody responses during infection. Anti-spike secretory IgA antibodies (S-IgA) reduced load infectivity more than anti-spike IgG/IgA nasopharyngeal samples. Compared response, S-IgA post-infection affected dynamics predicted regardless history. These findings highlight importance for preventing transmission. Developing medical countermeasures shorten response time may help control prevent future pandemics.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines: Lessons Learned from the Registrational Trials and Global Vaccination Campaign

Cureus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Our understanding of COVID-19 vaccinations and their impact on health mortality has evolved substantially since the first vaccine rollouts. Published reports from original randomized phase 3 trials concluded that mRNA vaccines could greatly reduce symptoms. In interim, problems with methods, execution, reporting these pivotal have emerged. Re-analysis Pfizer trial data identified statistically significant increases in serious adverse events (SAEs) group. Numerous SAEs were following Emergency Use Authorization (EUA), including death, cancer, cardiac events, various autoimmune, hematological, reproductive, neurological disorders. Furthermore, products never underwent adequate safety toxicological testing accordance previously established scientific standards. Among other major topics addressed this narrative review are published analyses harms to humans, quality control issues process-related impurities, mechanisms underlying (AEs), immunologic basis for inefficacy, concerning trends based registrational data. The risk-benefit imbalance substantiated by evidence date contraindicates further booster injections suggests that, at a minimum, should be removed childhood immunization program until proper studies conducted. Federal agency approval blanket-coverage population-wide had no support an honest assessment all relevant commensurate consideration risks versus benefits. Given extensive, well-documented unacceptably high harm-to-reward ratio, we urge governments endorse global moratorium modified questions pertaining causality, residual DNA, aberrant protein production answered.

Language: Английский

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Silent battles: immune responses in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 159 - 170

Published: Jan. 15, 2024

Language: Английский

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Engineered EVs with pathogen proteins: promising vaccine alternatives to LNP-mRNA vaccines

Journal of Biomedical Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 31(1)

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny, lipid membrane-bound structures that released by most cells. They play a vital role in facilitating intercellular communication delivering bioactive cargoes to recipient cells and triggering cellular as well biological responses. EVs have enormous potential for therapeutic applications native or engineered exosomes. Native naturally without undergoing any modifications either the exosomes secrete them. In contrast, been deliberately modified post-secretion through genetic engineering of secreting alter their composition. Here we propose displaying pathogen proteins could serve promising alternatives nanoparticle (LNP)-mRNA vaccines. By leveraging unique characteristics, these overcome certain limitations associated with LNP-mRNA

Language: Английский

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Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgA and IgG in nasal secretions, saliva and serum

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 15, 2024

Introduction Several novel vaccine platforms aim at mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract to block SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Standardized methods for sample collection and quantification of antibodies are therefore urgently needed harmonized comparisons interpretations across trials real-world data. Methods Using commercial electrochemiluminescence antibody panels, we compared spike-specific IgA IgG paired saliva, nasal secretions, serum from 1048 healthcare workers with without prior infection. Results Spike-specific correlated well secretions saliva (r>0.65, p<0.0001), but levels were more than three-fold higher as (p<0.01). Correlations between total population secretory (SIgA) significantly stronger (p<0.0001) (r=0.96, p<0.0001) opposed (r=0.77, (r=0.73, p<0.001) (r=0.54, p<0.001), suggesting transudation monomeric spike specific circulation saliva. Notably, SIgA had a markedly variant cross-binding capacity both serum, (all which emphasizes importance taking potential derived into consideration when investigating immune responses. Discussion Taken together, although can be reliably measured our findings imply an advantage likely also larger proportion We further corroborate superior highlighting protective benefits targeting upper tract.

Language: Английский

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Mucosal vaccination: onward and upward

Expert Review of Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 885 - 899

Published: Oct. 11, 2023

The unique mucosal immune system allows the generation of robust protective responses at front line pathogen encounters. needle-free delivery route and cold chain-free logistic requirements also provide additional advantages in ease economy. However, development vaccines faces several challenges, only a handful are currently licensed. These all form live attenuated or inactivated whole organisms, whereas no subunit-based vaccine is available.The selection antigen, vehicle, adjuvants for vaccination highly important. This particularly crucial subunit vaccines, as they often fail to elicit strong responses. Emerging research providing new insights into biological immunological uniqueness tissues. many aspects immunology still await be investigated.This article provides an overview current understanding discusses remaining knowledge gaps. We emphasize that because potential benefits can bring from biomedical, social economic standpoints, unmet goal achieve success worth effort.

Language: Английский

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A new hope? Possibilities of therapeutic IgA antibodies in the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 27, 2023

Inflammatory lung diseases represent a persistent burden for patients and the global healthcare system. The combination of high morbidity, (partially) mortality limited innovations in last decades, have resulted great demand new therapeutics. Are therapeutic IgA antibodies possibly hope treatment inflammatory diseases? Current research increasingly unravels elementary functions as protector against infections modulator overwhelming inflammation. With focus on IgA, this review describes pathological alterations mucosal immunity how they contribute to chronic inflammation most common diseases. current knowledge circulation, particularly respiratory mucosa, are summarized. interplay between neutrophils seems be key control In addition, hurdles benefits antibodies, well currently known clinically used preparations described. data highlighted here, together with upcoming strategies aiming at circumventing pitfalls may pave way promising antibody class application

Language: Английский

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