Excess mortality in COVID-19-affected solid organ transplant recipients across the pandemic

American Journal of Transplantation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(8), P. 1495 - 1508

Published: March 20, 2024

The excess mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) throughout the pandemic remains unclear. This prospective cohort study based on Japanese nationwide registry included 1632 SOTRs diagnosed with COVID-19 between February 1, 2020, and July 31, 2022, categorized dominant phases variants concern (VOCs): Waves 1 to 3 (Beta), 4 (Alpha), 5 (Delta), 6 (Omicron BA.1/BA.2), 7 BA.5). Excess COVID-19-affected was analyzed by calculating standardized ratios (SMRs). Overall, COVID-19-confirmed 1170 kidney, 408 liver, 25 lung, 20 heart, small intestine, 8 multiorgan recipients. Although severity all-cause decreased as VOCs transitioned, SMRs were consistently higher than those general population pandemic, showing a U-shaped gap that peaked toward Omicron BA.5 phase; SMR (95% CI): 6.2 (3.1-12.5), 4.0 (1.5-10.6), 3.0 (1.3-6.7), 8.8 (5.3-14.5), 21.9 (5.5-87.6) for Wave BA.1/2), BA.5), respectively. In conclusion, had greater across pandemic. Vaccine boosters, immunosuppression optimization, other protective measures, particularly older SOTRs, are paramount.

Language: Английский

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Vaccine effectiveness of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac against SARS-CoV-2 omicron infection and related hospital admission among people with substance use disorder in Hong Kong: a matched case-control study

The Lancet Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 403 - 413

Published: May 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Influence of grandchildren on COVID-19 vaccination uptake among older adults in China: a parallel-group, cluster-randomized controlled trial

Nature Aging, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(5), P. 638 - 646

Published: May 9, 2024

Language: Английский

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Beyond the Pandemic Era: Recent Advances and Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Against Emerging Variants of Concern

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 424 - 424

Published: April 17, 2025

Vaccination has been instrumental in curbing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and mitigating severity clinical manifestations associated with COVID-19. Numerous COVID-19 vaccines have developed to this effect, including BioNTech-Pfizer Moderna’s mRNA vaccines, as well adenovirus vector-based such Oxford–AstraZeneca. However, emergence new variants subvariants SARS-CoV-2, characterized by enhanced transmissibility immune evasion, poses significant challenges efficacy current vaccination strategies. In review, we aim comprehensively outline landscape emerging concern (VOCs) sub-lineages that recently surfaced post-pandemic years. We assess effectiveness existing their booster doses, against these subvariants, BA.2-derived sub-lineages, XBB BA.2.86 (Pirola). Furthermore, discuss latest advancements vaccine technology, multivalent pan-coronavirus approaches, along development several next-generation coronavirus exosome-based, virus-like particle (VLP), mucosal, nanomaterial-based vaccines. Finally, highlight key critical areas for future research address evolving threat develop strategies combating viral threats, thereby improving preparedness pandemics.

Language: Английский

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Antibody Response Against SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in People with HIV After COVID-19 Vaccination

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 480 - 480

Published: April 29, 2025

Background/Objectives: People with HIV (PWH) often have a suboptimal response to vaccines, raising concerns regarding the efficacy of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in this population. We aimed evaluate humoral immune B.1 lineage and Omicron variant PWH on antiretroviral therapy (ART) following COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: conducted prospective study 19 ART who received two-dose series mRNA vaccine booster six months later. Participants without infection (n = 25) were included as healthy control (HC) group. The (anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgG levels ability block ACE2-S interaction) against both original was assessed using immunoassays. Results: very strong (geometric mean fold rise, GMFR > 8) after second dose (GMFR 4) for variant. found comparable responses between HC groups doses (q-value 0.05). generated significantly weaker compared < However, improved dose, although it remained PWH. Conclusions: showed Omicron, though than B.1. Booster response, but stayed lower Findings confirm effectiveness PWH, stressing critical role boosters potential need updated variants like Omicron.

Language: Английский

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Possible temporal relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a meta-analysis

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: March 8, 2024

Abstract The global impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection has raised concerns about secondary diseases beyond acute illness. This review explores the significance and potential underlying mechanisms how might elicit an immune response targeting N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, its implications for autoimmune-driven neuropsychiatric manifestations. We identified 19 published case reports NMDA receptor encephalitis associated with or vaccination by a systematic literature search. these was limited since it is not clear if coincidental causal relationship exists between manifestation encephalitis. included studies were hampered difficulties in establishing patients had pre-existing antibodies which entered brain infection- vaccination-associated transient blood-brain barrier leakage. In addition, four cases comorbid ovarian teratoma, known trigger development Considering that billions people have contracted COVID-19 been vaccinated against this virus, publication only possible link to encephalitis, indicates rare. conclusion, findings do support led increase existing de novo mediated autoimmune function. Nevertheless, work underscores importance ongoing vigilance monitoring viral outbreaks their on central nervous system through basic, epidemiological translational research.

Language: Английский

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Panorama of Breakthrough Infection Caused by SARS-CoV-2: A Review

Medicina, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 58(12), P. 1733 - 1733

Published: Nov. 27, 2022

Since the outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 2019, many countries have successively developed a variety vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, with continuous spread SARS-CoV-2, it has evolved several variants; as result, prevention and control pandemic SARS-CoV-2 become more important. Among these variants, Omicron variant higher transmissibility immune escape ability is main causing large number COVID-19 breakthrough infection, thus, presenting new challenges to control. Hence, we review biological characteristics discuss current status possible mechanism infection caused by order provide insights into SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

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Dilemmas and options for COVID-19 vaccination in children

˜The œItalian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 49(1)

Published: Aug. 24, 2023

Over 16 million children have been detected positive for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in United States since outbreak of pandemic. In general, infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome type 2 tend to lighter symptoms than adults. However, some cases, infection can develop into forms, such as multisystem inflammatory children. Moreover, long-term public health preventive interventions had negative effects on physical and mental Given important role that vaccination plays reducing illness mortality, it is essential efficient implementation pediatric population. Nevertheless, parental distrust vaccination, especially regard its safety efficacy, hinders this process. Herein, we comprehensively summarize available data effectiveness COVID-19 vaccine The results show currently approved safe effective Although two doses seem insufficient prevent Omicron infection, booster dose provides enhanced protection against illness. Most importantly, bivalent has use population extend immune response circulating variant. And afforded newborns after maternal appears last only 6 months. Therefore, current situation where rate virus mutation accelerating pandemic still severe, crucial over months age weave a tighter net.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infection in the older adults: a meta-analysis and systematic review

BMC Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Sept. 4, 2023

Abstract Background Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccine effectiveness (VE) has recently declined, and reports about COVID-19 breakthrough infection have increased. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis on population-based studies of the prevalence incidence severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) amongst older adults worldwide. Methods Studies from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web Science were systematically screened determine SARS-CoV-2 in inception November 2, 2022. Our included 30 studies, all published English. Pooled estimates calculated using random-effect model through inverse variance method. Publication bias was tested funnel plots Egger’s regression test, sensitivity analyses performed confirm robustness results. This research following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results Thirty publications this (17 prevalence, 17 incidence, 4 both). The pooled among 7.7 per 1,000 persons (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 4.0–15.0). At same time, 29.1 1000 person-years (95%CI 15.2–55.7). Conclusions provides adults. concluded that SARS-CoV-19 people low. admitted hospital, severe-critical, deathly significantly lower. Otherwise, there considerable heterogeneity study, which should be considered when interpreting

Language: Английский

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Viral coinfection in hospitalized patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Southern Brazil: a retrospective cohort study

Respiratory Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Abstract Purpose Since the worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2, different strategies have been followed to combat pandemic and limit virus transmission. In meantime, other respiratory viruses continued circulate, though at decreased rates. Methods This study was conducted between June July 2022, in a hospital metropolitan region Rio Grande do Sul state, southernmost state Brazil. The 337 hospitalized patients included those with symptoms without delimitation age. Reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction detected 15 confirmed coinfections samples. Different statistical tests were applied evaluate association associations clinical characteristics coinfection. Results Sampling corresponds selected 330 analyzed. principal outcome found discharge 309 (94%) cases, while 21 (6%) resulted death. viral agents related Human rhinovirus, enterovirus, Respiratory syncytial virus. most frequent agent 60 (18%) infections, by 51 (15%) cases B 44 (13%) rhinovirus 1. Coinfection mainly observed children, adults elderly more affected single infection. Analyzing COVID-19 vaccination, 175 (53%) unvaccinated remainder had least one dose vaccine. Conclusions presents information update understanding circulation region. Furthermore, findings clarify behavior infections possible patients, considering ages profiles. addition, this knowledge can help monitor population’s manifestations prevent future outbreaks viruses.

Language: Английский

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