Composition, Influencing Factors, and Effects on Host Nutrient Metabolism of Fungi in Gastrointestinal Tract of Monogastric Animals

Animals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 710 - 710

Published: March 1, 2025

Intestinal fungi, collectively referred to as mycobiota, constitute a small (0.01-2%) but crucial component of the overall intestinal microbiota. While fungi are far less abundant than bacteria in gut, volume an average fungal cell is roughly 100-fold greater that bacterial cell. They play vital role nutrient metabolism and maintaining health. The composition spatial organization mycobiota vary across different animal species influenced by multitude factors, including age, diet, host's physiological state. At present, quantitative research on monogastric animals remains scarce, investigations into mechanisms underlying their metabolic functions also relatively restricted. This review delves distribution characteristics Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kazachstania slooffiae, animals, factors influencing composition, consequent impacts host objective offer insights for deeper understanding nutritional significance explore which they affect health relation inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), diarrhea, obesity. Through systematic evaluation functional contributions, this shifts our perception from overlooked commensals key components gut ecosystem dynamics, emphasizing potential personalized control regulation enhancement prevention treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Early Weaning on Development of the Swine Gut Microbiome

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 1753 - 1753

Published: July 5, 2023

Considering that pigs are naturally weaned between 12 and 18 weeks of age, the common practice in modern swine industry weaning as early two four age increases challenges during this transition period. Indeed, young with an immature gut suddenly separated from sow, switched milk to a diet consisting only solid ingredients, subjected new social hierarchy mixing multiple litters. From perspective host development, under these conditions causes regression histological structure well digestive barrier functions. While is main center immunity mature animals, underdeveloped has yet contribute function until seven age. The microbiota or microbiome, essential contributor health nutrition their animal host, undergoes dramatic alterations transition, descriptive review aims present microbial ecology-based on events. communities dependent cross-feeding relationships, change substrate availability triggers cascade succession events stable composition reached. During process, unstable prone dysbiosis, which can devolve into diseased state. One potential strategy accelerate maturation microbiome would be identify species critical microbiomes, develop strategies facilitate establishment post-weaning communities.

Language: Английский

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Intermittent Fasting on Neurologic Diseases: Potential Role of Gut Microbiota

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(23), P. 4915 - 4915

Published: Nov. 24, 2023

As the global population ages, prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is surging. These disorders have a multifaceted pathogenesis, entwined with genetic and environmental factors. Emerging research underscores profound influence diet on development progression health conditions. Intermittent fasting (IF), dietary pattern that increasingly embraced recommended, has demonstrated potential in improving neurophysiological functions mitigating pathological injuries few adverse effects. Although precise mechanisms IF’s beneficial impact are not yet completely understood, gut microbiota their metabolites believed to be pivotal mediating these This review endeavors thoroughly examine current studies shifts metabolite profiles prompted by IF, possible consequences for neural health. It also highlights significance strategies as clinical consideration those neurological

Language: Английский

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Black soldier fly, mealworm and superworm: chemical composition and comparative effect on broiler growth

World s Poultry Science Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 80(3), P. 681 - 710

Published: June 25, 2024

Language: Английский

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Effects of Enterococcus faecalis Supplementation on Growth Performance, Hepatic Lipid Metabolism, and mRNA Expression of Lipid Metabolism Genes and Intestinal Flora in Geese

Animals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 268 - 268

Published: Jan. 18, 2025

The effects of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) at a concentration 1.0 × 108 CFU/mL on growth performance, hepatic lipid metabolism, and mRNA expression related to intestinal morphology, flora were investigated in geese. A total 60 male geese, aged 30 days similar weight, randomly assigned 2 groups. Each group was divided into six replicates, with five geese per replicate. During the 45-day experiment, control received basal diet, while experimental provided same diet supplemented E. drinking water CFU/mL. significantly increased half-eviscerated weight improved ileal morphology (p < 0.05). Serum triglyceride (TG) levels reduced day 5, serum cholesterol (TC) low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) decreased 25 By 45, TG free fatty acid (FFA) also Additionally, HDL/LDL ratio high-density (HDL-C) insulin elevated 25, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) 45 On trial, levels, FFA Oil Red O-stained areas liver 0.05), accompanied by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCA) Conversely, synthase (FASN), farnesoid X receptor (FXR), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) 16S rRNA diversity analysis contents revealed significant differences composition between data demonstrated strong correlation microbial communities lipid-related physiological biochemical indicators In conclusion, supplementation promoted oxidation, blood alleviated accumulation, diversity, thereby enhancing performance metabolism These findings suggest that is promising probiotic candidate for development as feed additive.

Language: Английский

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Pig jejunal single-cell RNA landscapes revealing breed-specific immunology differentiation at various domestication stages

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Background Domestication of wild boars into local and intensive pig breeds has driven adaptive genomic changes, resulting in significant phenotypic differences intestinal immune function. The intestine relies on diverse cells, but their evolutionary changes during domestication remain poorly understood at single-cell resolution. Methods We performed RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) marker gene analysis jejunal tissues from boars, a Chinese breed (Jinhua), an (Duroc). Then, we developed cell evaluation system that includes scoring, identification, communication analysis. Additionally, mapped domestication-related clustering relationships, highlighting expression Results generated atlas tissues, analyzing 26,246 cells identifying 11 distinct lineages, including epithelial plasma discovered shared unique patterns nutrition immunity across breeds. Immune confirmed the conservation heterogeneity manifested by highly conserved functions subgroups, possess stronger capabilities than domesticated also four breed-specific genes related to metabolism, surveillance, cytotoxic functions. Lastly, identified population with distinctive antibody production Jinhua population. Conclusions Our findings provide valuable insights cellular function evolution jejunum various stages. serves as resource for comparative studies supports breeding programs aimed enhancing traits pigs.

Language: Английский

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The research progress on the impact of pig gut microbiota on health and production performance

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 5, 2025

Porcine gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the health and productive performance of pigs, influencing nutrient absorption, feed conversion efficiency, ultimately, production profitability. In addition to being primary site digestion, intestine houses pig's largest immune organ, where microbial community is essential for overall well-being. During piglet stage, undergoes dynamic evolution, gradually adapting host environment. This plasticity presents opportunities intervene optimize its composition from early stages, enhancing animal development. Among key factors this process, dietary fiber fundamental role, as fermentation by directly affects functionality, particularly distal small intestine, colon, rectum. The short-chain fatty acids produced during process not only provide continuous energy intestinal cells but also regulate responses, prevent infections, contribute body's homeostasis, promoting healthy growth. Despite advancements understanding host-microbiota interactions, there still no clear consensus on optimal balance or precise definition microbiota. Current research aims identify that modulate gastrointestinal physiological functions. Future findings will aid developing strategies restore homeostasis after external disruptions, such stress, antibiotic use, thereby improving productivity, reducing stress-related impacts, preventing diseases pig production.

Language: Английский

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Impacts of non-starch polysaccharide sources with enzymes influencing intestinal mucosa-associated microbiota and mucosal immunity of nursery pigs on growth and carcass traits at market weight

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology/Journal of animal science and biotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: March 31, 2025

Abstract Background This study investigated the effects of different non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) sources with NSP degrading enzymes (NSPases) and influence on mucosa-associated microbiota intestinal immunity nursery pigs, growth performance carcass traits at market weight. Methods One hundred sixty newly weaned pigs 7.0 ± 0.3 kg body weight (BW) were allotted in a 2 × factorial NSPases serving as factors. The 4 dietary treatments were: DDGS, corn distillers’ dried grains solubles source NSP; DDGS + (DDGS +), xylanase 0.01%, 3,000 U/kg feed β-mannanase 0.05%, 400 feed; SHWB, soybean hulls wheat bran replacing SHWB (SHWB feed. Pigs fed for 37 d housed groups per pen. At 37, median pig each pen was euthanized sampling to analyze health parameters. Remaining common diet subsequent phases evaluate carryover effect traits. Results decreased ( P < 0.05) relative abundance Helicobacter , tended increase = 0.074) Lactobacillus increased immunoglobulin G (IgG) jejunal mucosa, 0.096) villus height (VH) jejunum, improve ADG 0.099) efficiency 0.068) during phase 1 compared treatment. Supplementation Shannon index diversity, Streptococcus Acinetobacter 0.082) dry matter digestibility. BW more uniform end 120 study. Additionally, hot be 0.089) than Conclusion Soybean diets improved uniformity weight, which might attributed beneficial modulation enhanced morphology phase. had microbiota, digestibility, treatment, whereas no overserved

Language: Английский

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Effects of fermented wheat bran on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal microbiota of weaned piglets

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: April 16, 2025

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects fermented wheat bran (FWB) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemistry, short-chain fatty acids, and intestinal microbiota weaned piglets. One hundred twenty-eight piglets were randomly assigned 4 groups, each with 8 pens per pen: basal diet group (BD), 5% (5% WB), FWB), 10% (10% FWB) for a 28-day trial. Results showed that compared BD group, diarrhea rate in WB significantly increased (p < 0.05) at d 15-28 1-28. In contrast, 1-28, rates FWB groups lower than those no significant difference group. Moreover, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) DM, GE, CP, EE, CF ADF 1-14, EE NDF improved 0.05). However, only ATTD 1-14 higher 0.01). Compared pH cecum chyme urea nitrogen content reduced 0.05), propionic acid butyric LEfSe analysis (LDA score > 3.0) identified species, 6 species Proteobacteria, 2 9 enriched BD, WB, 5%F 10%F respectively. Additionally, Dialister, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Mitsuokella, Succinivibrio, Prevotella positively correlated concentrations valeric acid, acetic conclusion, supplementation piglet diets did not affect it potentially due enhanced elevated SCFAs levels, shifts microbial composition.

Language: Английский

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Measurement of Oro-Cecal Transit Time in LPS-Treated Pigs Fed High and Low Fiber Diets Using the Lactose-¹³C-Ureide Test in Breath and Saliva Samples

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 15, 2025

The lactose-13C-ureide (L13CU) test, used in humans to measure oro-cecal transit time (OCTT) breath CO2, was assessed for its suitability pigs as a noninvasive alternative intestinal cannulation. OCTT determined with the L13CU test and saliva samples when were fed low or high dietary fiber (DF) (low fiber, 2.8% DF; 6.5% DF) diets, 24 h after an i.m. injection either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) NaCl. measured longer LF-LPS than LF-NaCl HF-LPS groups (3.4 vs 2.9 h; p < 0.05). Additionally, LPS prolonged of pigs, DF prevented this effect. 90 % estimates CO2 did not differ. We conclude that is useful determining pigs; generally suitable sample matrix OCTT, but use requires further validation.

Language: Английский

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