The role of adipokines in osteoporosis management: a mini review

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 6, 2024

The prevalence of osteoporosis has been on the rise globally. With ageing populations, research sought therapeutic solutions in novel areas. One such area is that adipokines. Current literature points to an important role for these chemical mediators relation bone metabolism. Well-established adipokines have broadly reported upon. These include adiponectin and leptin. However, other as visfatin, nesfatin-1, meteorin-like protein (Metrnl), apelin lipocalin-2 are starting be addressed pre-clinically clinically. Adipokines hold pro-inflammatory anti-inflammatory properties influence pathophysiology various diseases. Omentin-1 vaspin, two adipokines, share cardioprotective effects play essential roles Studies bone-protective omentin-1, whilst others report negative associations between omentin-1 mineral density. Lipocalin-2 linked poor microarchitecture mice even suggested mediate development from prolonged disuse. Nesfatin-1, anorexigenic adipokine, known preserve Animal studies demonstrated nesfatin-1 treatment limits loss increases strength, suggesting exogenous use a potential osteopenic disorders. Pre-clinical shown adipokine metabolism, mediated by enhancement osteoblast genesis inhibition programmed cell death. Although many investigations conflicting findings, sufficient supports notion significant metabolism bone. This review aims at highlighting while also discussing their treating osteoporosis.

Language: Английский

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Metrnl ameliorates myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury by activating AMPK-mediated M2 macrophage polarization

Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(1)

Published: March 13, 2025

Abstract Background Meteorin-like hormone (Metrnl) is prominently expressed in activated M2 macrophages and has demonstrated potential therapeutic effects a range of cardiovascular diseases by modulating inflammatory responses. Nevertheless, its precise role the underlying mechanisms myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI) are not fully understood. This study examined whether Metrnl can mitigate MI/RI through AMPK-mediated polarization macrophages. Methods In vivo, adeno-associated virus 9 containing F4/80 promoter (AAV9-F4/80) was utilized to overexpress mouse cardiac before surgery. vitro, bone marrow-derived (BMDMs) were treated with recombinant protein Metrnl, human cardiomyocyte cell line AC16 subjected hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) after co-culture supernatant these Cardiac function assessed via echocardiography, H&E staining, Evans blue-TTC staining. Inflammatory infiltration evaluated RT-qPCR ELISA, apoptosis Western blotting TUNEL macrophage immunofluorescence staining flow cytometry. Results overexpression significantly attenuated MI/RI, as evidenced reduced infarct size, enhancement function, diminished infiltration, decreased apoptosis. Furthermore, promoted M1 polarization. BMDMs shifted towards polarization, characterized expression cytokines (IL-1β, MCP-1, TNF-α) increased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Additionally, from Metrnl-treated protected cells under H/R conditions, BAX BCL-2 expression. However, inhibited AMPK inhibitor Compound C. Conclusions alleviates activating attenuate response highlights identifies it promising target for treatment ischemic heart disease.

Language: Английский

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Myokines: metabolic regulation in obesity and type 2 diabetes

Life Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(3)

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

Skeletal muscle plays a vital role in the regulation of systemic metabolism, partly through its secretion endocrine factors which are collectively known as myokines. Altered myokine levels associated with metabolic diseases, such type 2 diabetes (T2D). The significance interorgan crosstalk, particularly myokines, has emerged fundamental aspect nutrient and energy homeostasis. However, comprehensive understanding biology setting obesity T2D remains major challenge. In this review, we discuss biological functions key myokines that have been extensively studied during past two decades, namely interleukin 6 (IL-6), irisin, myostatin (MSTN), growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), fibroblast 21 (FGF21), apelin, brain-derived neurotrophic (BDNF), meteorin-like (Metrnl), secreted protein acidic rich cysteine (SPARC), β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), Musclin, Dickkopf 3 (Dkk3). Related to these, detail exercise expression together their contributions physiology disease. Despite significant advancements research, many remain challenging measure accurately investigate thoroughly. Hence, new research techniques detection methods should be developed rigorously tested. Therefore, developing perspective on is crucial, will likely offer insights into pathophysiological mechanisms underlying may reveal novel targets for therapeutic interventions.

Language: Английский

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Adipokines in the Crosstalk between Adipose Tissues and Other Organs: Implications in Cardiometabolic Diseases

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 2129 - 2129

Published: Sept. 19, 2024

Adipose tissue was previously regarded as a dormant organ for lipid storage until the identification of adiponectin and leptin in early 1990s. This revelation unveiled dynamic endocrine function adipose tissue, which has expanded further. emerged recent decades multifunctional that plays significant role energy metabolism homeostasis. Currently, it is evident primarily performs its by secreting diverse array signaling molecules known adipokines. Apart from their pivotal expenditure regulation, these adipokines exert influence over multitude biological processes, including but not limited to inflammation, thermoregulation, immune response, vascular function, insulin sensitivity. Adipokines are regulating numerous processes within facilitating communication between various organs, brain, gut, pancreas, endothelial cells, liver, muscle, more. Dysregulated have been implicated several metabolic diseases, like obesity diabetes, well cardiovascular diseases. In this article, we attempted describe significance developing diseases highlight crosstalk tissues other organs.

Language: Английский

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AAV‐Mediated nuclear localized PGC1α4 delivery in muscle ameliorates sarcopenia and aging‐associated metabolic dysfunctions

Aging Cell, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(10)

Published: Aug. 16, 2023

Sarcopenia is characterized of muscle mass loss and functional decline in elder individuals which severely affects human physical activity, metabolic homeostasis, life quality. Physical exercise considered effective combating atrophy sarcopenia, yet it not feasible to elders with limited mobility. PGC-1α4, a short isoform PGC-1α, strongly induced under resistance training, promotes hypertrophy. In the present study, we showed that transcriptional levels nuclear localization PGC1α4 was reduced during aging, accompanied dystrophic morphology, gene programs. We thus designed NLS-PGC1α4 ectopically express myotubes enhance maintain its location nucleus. Indeed, overexpression increased sizes myotubes. addition, by utilizing AAV-NLS-PGC1α4 delivery into gastrocnemius muscle, found could improve sarcopenia grip strength, weights, fiber size molecular phenotypes, alleviate age-associated adiposity, insulin hepatic steatosis, altered signatures. Mechanistically, demonstrated NLS-PGC-1α4 improved signaling enhanced glucose uptake skeletal muscle. Besides, via RNA-seq analysis, identified myokines IGF1 METRNL as potential targets possibly mediate improvement adipose tissue functionality systemic energy metabolism aged mice. Moreover, negative correlation between age Together, our results revealed improves physiology systematic homeostasis aging suggested potent therapeutic strategy against aging-associated diseases.

Language: Английский

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Impact of 8-week cold-and warm water swimming training combined with cinnamon consumption on serum METRNL, HDAC5, and insulin resistance levels in diabetic male rats

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. e29742 - e29742

Published: April 1, 2024

ObjectiveNumerous studies have reported the beneficial effects of exercise and use herbal supplements in improving type 2 diabetes insulin resistance. However, there are still many unanswered questions about cold hot water, exercise, on meteorine-like protein (METRNL), which is considered one key factors influencing resistance improvement this condition. Hence, current study aimed to address these knowledge gaps investigate 8 weeks warm cold-water swimming with cinnamon consumption serum levels METRNL, histone deacetylase-5 (HDAC5), diabetic male rats.MethodsFor purpose, 70 rats were randomly divided into seven groups (10 each group) (1Saeidi A. Hackney A.C. Tayebi S.M. Ahmadian M. Zouhal H. Diabetes, Insulin Resistance, Fetuin-B Exercise Training.Annals Applied Sport Science. 2019; 7: 1-2Crossref Scopus (8) Google Scholar) Healthy control (HC), (2Tayebi Ghanbari-Niaki Saeidi Training, Neuregulin 4 Obesity.Ann Appl Sci. 2017; 5: (9) Diabetic control, (3Saeidi Khosravi Razi O. Sellami Abderrahman A.B. et al.Obesity, Fat Mass, Osteopontin Training.International Journal Physiology. 8: 177-179Google training water (temperature 5 °C), (4Rao Kondapally Seshasai S. Kaptoge Thompson Di Angelantonio E. Gao P. Sarwar N. al.Diabetes mellitus, fasting glucose, risk cause-specific death.The New England journal medicine. 2011; 364: 829-841Crossref PubMed (0) at 5‌‌ °C + (200 mg/kg body weight), (5Petersmann Müller-Wieland D. Müller U.A. Landgraf R. Nauck Freckmann G. al.Definition, classification diagnosis mellitus.Experimental Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes. 127: S1-S7Crossref 36-35 (6Kolahdouzi Baghadam Kani-Golzar F.A. Jabbour Ayadi al.Progressive circuit improves inflammatory biomarkers obese men.Physiology behavior. 205: 15-21Crossref (43) °C) cinnamon, (7Dezhkam Rezaeian Effect Six Weeks Aerobic Training Meteorin Like Factor Response Resistance Index Overweight Obese Young Women.Journal Health Studies 2021; 28-35Google only.ResultsThe present revealed a significant increase METRNL concentration group (p<0.05). no changes observed HOMA-IR across different (p>0.05). Additionally, noteworthy findings included reduction HDAC5 both group, as well decrease blood sugar (FBS) all compared HC (p<0.05).ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that combination exercises extract led notable increases concentration. reductions FBS levels. These highlight potential effectiveness benefits an approach improve diabetes-related indices.

Language: Английский

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Adipokines and their potential impacts on susceptibility to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetes

Lipids in Health and Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Nov. 13, 2024

Abstract Coronary artery disease has a high mortality rate and is striking public health concern, affecting substantial portion of the global population. On early onset myocardial ischemia, thrombolytic therapy coronary revascularization could promptly restore bloodstream nutrient supply to ischemic tissue, efficiently preserving less severely injured myocardium. However, abrupt re-establishment blood flow triggers significant discharge previously accumulated oxidative substances inflammatory cytokines, leading further harm referred as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Diabetes significantly raises vulnerability heart I/R injury due disrupted glucose lipid processing, impaired insulin sensitivity metabolic signaling, increased responses. Numerous studies have indicated that adipokines are crucial in etiology pathogenesis obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, disease. Adipokines such adiponectin, adipsin, visfatin, chemerin, omentin, apelin, which possess protective properties against activity resistance, been shown confer protection conditions atherosclerosis, hypertrophy, injury, diabetic complications. other hand, leptin resistin, known for their pro-inflammatory characteristics, linked elevated cardiac deposition, fibrosis. Meteorin-like (metrnl) exhibits opposite effects various pathological conditions. data on I/R, especially still incomplete controversial. This review focuses recent research regarding categorization function muscle, identification different signaling pathways involved under conditions, aiming facilitate exploration therapeutic strategies diabetes.

Language: Английский

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Exploring How Adipose Tissue, Obesity, and Gender Influence the Immune Response to Vaccines: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 862 - 862

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Vaccines represent an essential tool for the prevention of infectious diseases. Upon administration, a complex interaction occurs between vaccine formulation and recipient’s immune system, ultimately resulting in protection against disease. Significant variability exists individual population responses to vaccination, these differences remain focus ongoing research. Notably, well-documented factors, such as age, gender, genetic predisposition, influence responses. In contrast, effects overweight obesity have not been thoroughly investigated. The evidence indicates that high body mass index (BMI) constitutes significant risk factor infections general, with adipose tissue playing crucial role modulating response. Furthermore, suboptimal levels seroconversion observed among individuals obesity. This review provides plausible examination immunity conferred by various vaccines status, offering comprehensive analysis mechanisms enhance vaccination efficiency.

Language: Английский

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Meteorin‐like protein plasma levels are associated with worse outcomes in de novo heart failure

European Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Abstract Background and Aims Meteorin‐like protein (Metrnl) has been recently suggested as a new adipokine with protective cardiovascular effects. Its circulating levels in patients seem to be associated heart failure (HF), although contradictory results. Our aim was ascertain whether this could estimate the prognosis of HF de novo (DNHF) patients. Methods Metrnl plasma 400 hospitalized DNHF (55% reduced ejection fraction, 17.3% mid‐range 27.8% preserved fraction) were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. We performed both sex‐pooled sex‐specific analyses. A 12‐month follow‐up conducted, during which clinical outcomes such all‐cause mortality, death re‐hospitalization due collected. Results After follow up, higher an increased risk for after adjusting sex, age, LVEF, hypertension, diabetes, ischemic aetiology, chronic renal failure, NT‐proBNP troponin (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.003, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.000–1.005; p ‐value<.05 HR 1.004, CI 1.001–1.007, ‐value<.05, respectively). In line this, had number occurrences events. Regarding associations parameters implicated development progression HF, we found that positively correlated age ( r .322, ‐value<.0001), .281, ‐value<.0001) dysfunction markers urea creatinine .353, women than men (473.7 [385.9–594.0] pg/mL vs. 428.7 [349.1–561.3] pg/mL, ‐value<.006). Finally, concerning subtype fraction. Conclusion Patients have worse DNHF. results reinforce association outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Concentration dependent effects of human Cometin on spiral ganglion neuron survival and neurite outgrowth

Audiology and Neurotology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 30

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Introduction: Neurotrophic factors are widely known for their protective effect on spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) and the protection of these is great importance to optimize Cochlear Implants, which directly stimulate SGN in deaf patients. Previous studies have identified Cometin - also as Meteroin-like be neuroprotective beneficial metabolic disorders. The aim our study was investigate effects different concentrations recombinant human (hCometin) regard neuroprotection neurite outgrowth evaluate its guidance potential using a chamber. Methods: Human initially tested two separate dosing experiments: 5, 10, 15 µg/ml (medium dose group) 25, 50 (high group). hCometin added dissociated neonatal murine SGN. number, morphology, length treated with were compared untreated (negative control, NC) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (50 ng/ml) (positive PC) cells. Subsequently, guidance, 10 delivered via osmotic pumps explants (SGE) cultured chamber experimentally mimic scala tympani Rosenthal’s canal. amount pump-released measured by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay growth quantified Cometin-free NC. Results: All medium group resulted significant neuronal protection, whereas high (25 µg/ml) neurotoxic. doses significantly increased number monopolar NC, physiological bipolar morphology an even greater extent than BDNF. For length, 5 had greatest effect, comparable BDNF-PC. osmotic-pump based delivery SGE no or adverse extent, orientation outgrowing neurites culture set up used. Conclusion: A concentration protects from degeneration increases neurites, favourable view induced towards cochlear electrode arrays future optimisation nerve-electrode-interface. failed detect guided pump-based drug release, may due experimental up, could improved studies.

Language: Английский

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