From Detection to Protection: Antibodies and Their Crucial Role in Diagnosing and Combatting SARS-CoV-2

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 459 - 459

Published: April 25, 2024

Understanding the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2, virus responsible for COVID-19, is crucial comprehending disease progression and significance of vaccine therapeutic development. The emergence highly contagious variants poses a significant challenge humoral immunity, underscoring necessity grasping intricacies specific antibodies. This review emphasizes pivotal role antibodies in shaping immune responses their implications diagnosing, preventing, treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. It delves into kinetics characteristics explores current antibody-based diagnostics, discussing strengths, clinical utility, limitations. Furthermore, we underscore potential SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, various therapies such as monoclonal polyclonal anti-cytokines, convalescent plasma, hyperimmunoglobulin-based therapies. Moreover, offer insights vaccines, emphasizing neutralizing order confer immunity along with emerging concern (VOCs) circulating Omicron subvariants. We also highlight challenges field, risks antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) shed light on associated original antigenic sin (OAS) effect long COVID. Overall, this intends provide valuable insights, which are advancing sensitive diagnostic tools, identifying efficient therapeutics, developing effective vaccines combat evolving threat global scale.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Evolution: Implications for Diagnosis, Treatment, Vaccine Effectiveness and Development

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 17 - 17

Published: Dec. 28, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic, driven by the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 virus, presents ongoing challenges to global public health. is characterized rapidly evolving mutations, especially in (but not limited to) spike protein, complicating predictions about its evolutionary trajectory. These mutations have significantly affected transmissibility, immune evasion, and vaccine efficacy, leading multiple pandemic waves with over half a billion cases seven million deaths globally. Despite several strategies, from development administration design availability antivirals, including monoclonal antibodies, already having been employed, persistent circulation virus emergence new variants continue result high case numbers fatalities. In past four years, immense research efforts contributed much our understanding viral pathogenesis mechanism, syndrome, host-microbe interactions, effective vaccines, diagnostic tools, treatments. focus this review provide comprehensive analysis functional impact on diagnosis, treatments, effectiveness. We further discuss safety pregnancy implications hybrid immunity long-term protection against infection, as well latest developments pan-coronavirus nasal formulations, emphasizing need for continued surveillance, research, adaptive health strategies response race.

Language: Английский

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Structure–Activity Relationship of Ciprofloxacin towards S-Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2: Synthesis and In-Silico Evaluation

Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 12, 2025

The recent outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, has posed serious threats to global health systems. Although several directions have been put WHO for effective treatment, use antibiotics, particularly ciprofloxacin, in suspected and acquired Covid-19 patients raised an even more concern antibiotic resistance. Ciprofloxacin reported inhibit entry into host cells via interacting with spike (S) protein. However, a proper structure-activity relationship study ciprofloxacin S-protein is lacking, which inhibits researchers from developing potent fluoroquinolone analogue, specific inhibition viral entry. Herein, order study, we accomplished short convergent synthesis different derivatives detailed

Language: Английский

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Combating Emerging Respiratory Viruses: Lessons and Future Antiviral Strategies

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(11), P. 1220 - 1220

Published: Oct. 27, 2024

Emerging viral diseases, including seasonal illnesses and pandemics, pose significant global public health risks. Respiratory viruses, particularly coronaviruses influenza are associated with high morbidity mortality, imposing substantial socioeconomic burdens. This review focuses on the current landscape of respiratory SARS-CoV-2, their antiviral treatments. It also discusses potential for pandemics development new vaccines therapies, drawing lessons from past outbreaks to inform future strategies managing threats.

Language: Английский

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Network-based Multi-omics Disease–Drug Associations Reveal Drug Repurposing Candidates for Covid-19 Disease Phases

Drug repurposing, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1(1)

Published: July 3, 2024

Background The development and rollout of vaccines the use various drugs have contributed to controlling coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic. Nevertheless, challenges such as inequitable distribution vaccines, influence emerging viral lineages immunoevasive variants on vaccine efficacy, inadequate immune defense in subgroups population continue motivate new combat disease. Aim In this study, we sought identify, prioritize, characterize drug repurposing candidates appropriate for treating mild, moderate, or severe Covid-19 using a network-based integrative approach that systematically integrates drug-related data multi-omics datasets. Methods We leveraged used random walk with restart algorithm explore an integrated knowledge graph comprising three subgraphs: (i) graph, (ii) (iii) state-specific omics graph. Results prioritized 20 US Food Drug Administration-approved agents potential candidate phases. Specifically, could stimulate cell recruitment activation including histamine, curcumin, paclitaxel utility mild states mitigate progression. Drugs like omacetaxine, crizotinib, vorinostat exhibit antiviral properties inhibit replication can be considered moderate states. Also, given association between antioxidant deficiency high inflammatory factors trigger cytokine storms, antioxidants glutathione potent anti-inflammatory effects (sarilumab tocilizumab), corticosteroids (dexamethasone hydrocortisone), immunosuppressives (sirolimus cyclosporine) are hyperinflammatory cascade Covid-19. Conclusion Our study demonstrates data-driven analysis within enables prioritizing phases, offering comprehensive basis therapeutic strategies brought market quickly their established safety profiles. Importantly, implemented here prioritize other diseases.

Language: Английский

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Navigating the COVID-19 Therapeutic Landscape: Unveiling Novel Perspectives on FDA-Approved Medications, Vaccination Targets, and Emerging Novel Strategies

Molecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(23), P. 5564 - 5564

Published: Nov. 25, 2024

Amidst the ongoing global challenge of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, quest for effective antiviral medications remains paramount. This comprehensive review delves into dynamic landscape FDA-approved repurposed COVID-19, categorized as and non-antiviral agents. Our focus extends beyond conventional narratives, encompassing vaccination targets, repurposing efficacy, clinical studies, innovative treatment modalities, future outlooks. Unveiling genomic intricacies variants, including WHO-designated Omicron variant, we explore diverse categories such fusion inhibitors, protease transcription neuraminidase nucleoside reverse transcriptase, interventions like importin α/β1-mediated nuclear import neutralizing antibodies, convalescent plasma. Notably, Molnupiravir emerges a pivotal player, now licensed in UK. offers fresh perspective on historical evolution COVID-19 therapeutics, from endeavors to latest developments oral anti-SARS-CoV-2 treatments, ushering new era hope battle against pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Network-based multi-omics-disease-drug associations reveal drug repurposing candidates for COVID-19 disease phases

Published: April 16, 2024

Background: The development and roll-out of vaccines, the use various drugs have contributed to controlling COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, challenges such as inequitable distribution influence emerging viral lineages immune evasive variants on vaccine efficacy, inadequate defense in subgroups population continue motivate new combat disease. Aim: In this study, we sought identify, prioritize, characterize drug repurposing candidates appropriate for treating mild, moderate, or severe using a network-based integrative approach that systematically integrates drug-related data multi-omics datasets. Methods : We leveraged data, used random walk restart algorithm explore an integrated knowledge graph comprised three sub-graphs: (i) graph, (ii) (iii) disease-state specific omics graph. Results: prioritized twenty FDA-approved agents potential candidate disease phases. Specifically, could stimulate cell recruitment activation including histamine, curcumin, paclitaxel utility mild states mitigate progression. Drugs like omacetaxine, crizotinib, vorinostat exhibit antiviral properties inhibit replication can be considered moderate states. Also, given association between antioxidant deficiency high inflammatory factors trigger cytokine storms, antioxidants glutathione potent anti-inflammatory effects (sarilumab tocilizumab), corticosteroids (dexamethasone hydrocortisone), immunosuppressives (sirolimus cyclosporine) are hyperinflammatory cascade COVID-19. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates data-driven analysis within enables prioritizing phases, offering comprehensive basis therapeutic strategies brought market quickly their established safety profiles. Importantly, implemented here prioritize other diseases.

Language: Английский

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Imprinting of IgA responses in previously infected individuals receiving bivalent mRNA vaccines (WT and BA.4/BA.5 or WT and BA.1)

International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 146, P. 107147 - 107147

Published: June 28, 2024

Language: Английский

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Bebtelovimab‐bound SARS‐CoV‐2 RBD mutants: resistance profiling and validation with escape mutations, clinical results, and viral genome sequences

FEBS Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 6, 2024

The dynamic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants necessitates ongoing advancements in therapeutic strategies. Despite the promise monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies like bebtelovimab, concerns persist regarding resistance mutations, particularly single-to-multipoint mutations receptor-binding domain (RBD). Our study addresses this by employing interface-guided computational protein design to predict potential bebtelovimab-resistance mutations. Through extensive physicochemical analysis, mutational preferences, precision-recall metrics, protein-protein docking, and energetic analyses, combined with all-atom, coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we elucidated structural-dynamics-binding features bebtelovimab-RBD complexes. Identification susceptible RBD residues under positive selection pressure, coupled validation against bebtelovimab-escape clinically reported viral genomic sequences enhances translational significance our findings contributes a better understanding mechanisms SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

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The development of therapeutics and vaccines against COVID-19.

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 111(3), P. 116643 - 116643

Published: Dec. 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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