A comprehensive review of monkeypox virus: Epidemiology, transmission, and control measures DOI Creative Commons
Harsh Vinubhai Singel, Saurabh Chhotalal Norris, Himani Bhardwaj Pandya

et al.

IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 303 - 312

Published: Dec. 12, 2024

Monkeypox virus (MPXV), a zoonotic pathogen related to smallpox, has gained attention due its resurgence and potential for outbreaks. This review provides comprehensive analysis of MPXV’s epidemiology, transmission, control measures, focusing on major outbreaks in India, including recent cases 2022 2023. The discusses the viral structure, pathogenesis, clinical presentations, emphasizing diagnostic challenges outbreak management strategies. Key methods such as PCR, culture, serology are explored. roles agencies National Institute Virology (NIV) Pune Indian Council Medical Research (ICMR), evaluated. highlights importance early detection, improved public health responses, effective prevention strategies mitigate future Recommendations enhanced research directions also outlined.

Language: Английский

Cytokine storm in human monkeypox: A possible involvement of purinergic signaling DOI
Gilnei Bruno da Silva, Geórgia de Carvalho Braga, Júlia Leão Batista Simões

et al.

Cytokine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 177, P. 156560 - 156560

Published: March 5, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Advancements in monkeypox vaccines development: a critical review of emerging technologies DOI Creative Commons
Igor Garcia-Atutxa, Paul Mondragón‐Terán, Alejandro Huerta‐Saquero

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Oct. 11, 2024

Monkeypox (mpox) is a zoonotic illness caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), with higher health concerns among people who are pregnant, children, and persons immunocompromised, including untreated advanced HIV disease. Significant progress has been made in developing vaccines against mpox, yet critical challenges limitations persist ensuring their effectiveness, safety, accessibility. The pertinence of this review highlighted World Health Organization's declaration global emergency on August 14, 2024, due to recent mpox outbreak, underscoring necessity for effective vaccine solutions face rapidly evolving virus. Here, we comprehensively analyze various platforms utilized prevention, attenuated non-replicating vaccines, viral vector-based recombinant protein DNA mRNA vaccines. We evaluate advantages each platform, highlighting urgent need ongoing research innovation enhance efficacy safety. Recent advancements, such as incorporating immunostimulatory sequences, improved delivery systems, polyvalent explored potential offer broader protection diverse orthopoxvirus strains. This work underscores optimize currently available investigate novel vaccination strategies address future public emergencies effectively. By focusing these methodologies, aim contribute development robust adaptable other related threats.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Monkeypox: A comprehensive review on mutation, transmission, pathophysiology, and therapeutics DOI
Somenath Dutta, Rohan Ghosh,

I. Dasgupta

et al.

International Immunopharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 146, P. 113813 - 113813

Published: Dec. 13, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Monkeypox Virus (MPXV) Infection: A Review DOI
Rosy Kumari,

Pooja Arya,

Surya Prakash Yadav

et al.

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(4)

Published: Jan. 21, 2024

Monkeypox is a viral disease; its outbreak was recently declared global emergency by the World Health Organization. For first time, monkeypox virus (MPXV)-infected patient found in India. Various researchers back-to-back tried to find solution this health just after COVID-19. In review, we discuss current status of India, transmission, virulence factors, symptoms, treatment, and preventive guidelines generated Indian Ministry. We that (MPXV) disease different from smallpox, age group between 30-40 years old more prone MPXV disease. also that, besides homosexuals, gays, bisexuals, non-vegetarians, it affects normal straight men women who have no history travel. Close contact should be avoided rats, monkeys sick people are affected monkeypox. To date, there drugs, but Tecovirimat effective than other drugs used for diseases like smallpox. Therefore, need develop an antiviral agent against factor MXPV.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
The impact of immunosuppression on the mortality and hospitalization of Monkeypox: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the 2022 outbreak DOI Creative Commons
Ahmed Azzam, Heba Khaled,

Haitham Salem

et al.

Virology Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: June 5, 2024

Abstract Background Limited data is available regarding the severity and mortality of Mpox in individuals with immunocompromised conditions. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to understand impact HIV- or non-HIV-associated immunosuppression on requiring hospitalization mortality. Methods A thorough literature search was from 2022 up January 2024. The results were presented as odds ratios (ORs). We only included patients who required for rather than isolation. Results total 34 studies analysis. Our analysis did not find a significant difference risk between HIV-positive those HIV-negative (OR = 1.03; P 0.85; 7 studies; CD4 count fewer 200 cells/µL less 0.5% across all studies). Patients lower an unsuppressed RNA viral load (> copies/ml) had significantly higher 5.3, < 0.001) 3, 0.001), respectively. Most reported deaths HIV counts below cells/µL, some fatal cases occurring non-HIV immunosuppressed patients, particularly organ transplant recipients. Based autopsy findings, confirmed multiple organs, digestive tract, lung, testes. Furthermore, documented death that suspected be related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). reports showed concomitant non-Mpox infections at time Conclusions finding shows acts opportunistic pathogen individuals. These should prioritized early care closely monitored signs deteriorating clinical Clinical manifestations findings strongly suggest dissemination lungs. However, presence complicates assessment attribution death. Caution exercised when interpreting suggesting poorer outcomes immunosuppression, current evidence scarce further research needed.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Monkeypox: a re-emergent virus with global health implications – a comprehensive review DOI Creative Commons
Nourhan G. Naga,

Enas A. Nawar,

A’laa A. Mobarak

et al.

Tropical Diseases Travel Medicine and Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

Abstract Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is an enclosed, double-stranded DNA from the Orthopoxvirus genus, which also contains variola, vaccinia, and cowpox. MPXV, was once confined to West Central Africa, has recently had a rebound, spreading beyond its original range since 2017. The distinguished by unique morphology, includes oval or brick-shaped structure complex lipid protein makeup. current multi-country outbreak designated public health emergency in 2022, highlighted MPXV’s shifting epidemiology ability spread rapidly over globe. ‘No one safe until everyone safe’ slogan we often heard during COVID-19 pandemic, now required for growing global regional mpox outbreaks. epidemic divided into two clades: Clade I II, have distinct pathogenic characteristics. Diagnostic approaches developed with advances molecular techniques, yet problems persist resource-constrained situations. This overview summarizes virus’s history, epidemiology, clinical characteristics, offering insights recent comeback response efforts.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Monkeypox outbreak 2023 in Chengdu, China: an observational study DOI Open Access
Lang Rao, Mei Yang, Liyu Chen

et al.

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Monkeypox is a zoonotic viral disease caused by monkeypox virus infection and formerly this had been endemic mainly in Africa. Since May 2022, the has rapidly spread across world some imported case was confirmed sporadically China. Under these circumstances, data of cases were collected consecutively Chengdu, southwest China to investigate clinical epidemiological characteristics. In study, 28 male patients have infection, with 26 identifying as MSM (men who sex men). Typical lesions included papules, pustular vesicles, scabs ulcerations. The most common sites skin anogenital perineal areas, three developed widespread exanthem. Seven reported history sexual transmitted diseases, no one hospitalized there deaths. Three instances secondary transmission identified among close contacts, all them partners our participants. Furthermore, observation provides insights public health for surveillance emerging raises awareness people at risk.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Mpox: Global epidemic situation and countermeasures DOI Creative Commons

Wen-Shuang Hou,

Nan Wu,

Yanzhi Liu

et al.

Virulence, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Feb. 8, 2025

Mpox, is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus and primarily endemic to Africa. As countries gradually stop smallpox vaccination, resistance declining, increasing risk of infection with mpox other viruses. On 14 August 2024, World Health Organization announced that spread constituted public health emergency international concern. Mpox's transmission routes symptoms are complex pose new challenges global health. Several vaccines (such as ACAM2000, JYNNEOS, LC16m8, genetically engineered vaccines) antiviral drugs tecovirimat, brincidofovir, cidofovir, varicella immunoglobulin intravenous injection) have been developed marketed prevent control this disease. This review aims introduce epidemic situation, epidemiological characteristics, physiological pathological preventive measures for in detail, provide scientific basis prevention viruses worldwide.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Emergence and evolution of monkeypox virus: Epidemiology, pathology, clinical symptoms, preventative and treatment measures DOI
Purnima Tripathi, Sonia Pandey, Deepika Yadav

et al.

International Immunopharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 152, P. 114448 - 114448

Published: March 11, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Current status of next-generation vaccines against mpox virus: a scoping review DOI Creative Commons
Luis Alberto Bravo-Vázquez,

Daniela Bernal-Vázquez,

Asim K. Duttaroy

et al.

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 28, 2025

The mpox disease, caused by the virus (MPXV), has become a rising public health issue due to its potential cause outbreaks. Consistently, this investigation aims evaluate current advances in development of novel immunotherapeutic approaches against MPXV, which are crucial for preventing and controlling spread. This scoping review was performed analyzing content English-language articles published between 2018 2024, reported next-generation vaccines MPXV their assessment animal models. Patents within scope research were also included. Contrarywise, studies based solely on immunoinformatic methods, reviews, book chapters, news, others excluded. literature search executed 11 databases, such as Scopus, MEDLINE, PubMed. A total 36 records (32 4 patents) included review. All 32 contain preclinical with varied group sizes (4-16) main models BALB/c mice. Less commonly used CAST/Ei mice cynomolgus macaques. Moreover, most targeted one or more antigens, A29L, A35R, B6R, M1R, through active immunization (via mRNAs recombinant antigens) passive (antibody delivery). Overall, new generation might represent prospective candidates combat concern. Nonetheless, several analyzed possess drawbacks, including limited similarity humans, small sizes, brief follow-up durations. Consequently, additional is required ascertain long-term protection, efficacy, safety these approaches.

Language: Английский

Citations

0