Review on bacterial outer membrane vesicles: structure, vesicle formation, separation and biotechnological applications

Microbial Cell Factories, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), shed by Gram-negative bacteria, are spherical nanostructures that play a pivotal role in bacterial communication and host-pathogen interactions. Comprising an outer envelope encapsulating variety of bioactive molecules from their progenitor OMVs facilitate material informational exchange. This review delves into the recent advancements OMV research, providing comprehensive overview structure, biogenesis, mechanisms vesicle formation. It also explores pathogenicity techniques for enrichment isolation. Furthermore, highlights burgeoning applications field biomedicine, emphasizing potential as diagnostic tools, vaccine candidates, drug delivery vectors.

Language: Английский

---

Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles and Immune Modulation of the Host

Membranes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 752 - 752

Published: Aug. 24, 2023

This article reviews the role of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in mediating interaction between Gram-negative bacteria and their human hosts. OMVs are produced by a diverse range during infection play critical facilitating host-pathogen interactions without requiring direct cell-to-cell contact. describes mechanisms which formed subsequently interact with host cells, leading to transport microbial protein virulence factors short interfering RNAs (sRNA) targets, exerting immunomodulatory effects targeting specific signaling pathways. Specifically, this review highlights facilitate chronic through epigenetic modification immune response. Finally, identifies knowledge gaps field offers potential avenues for future OMV research, specifically regarding rigor reproducibility isolation characterization methods.

Language: Английский

---

Edible Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Oral mRNA Vaccine Delivery

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 200 - 200

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

Nucleic acid delivery through extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a well-preserved evolutionary mechanism in all life kingdoms including eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and plants. EVs naturally allow horizontal transfer of native as well exogenous functional mRNAs, which once incorporated are protected from enzymatic degradation. This observation has prompted researchers to investigate whether different sources, plants, could be used for vaccine delivery. Several studies using human or bacterial expressing mRNA recombinant SARS-CoV-2 proteins showed induction humoral cell mediated immune response. Moreover, EV-based vaccines presenting the natural configuration viral antigens have demonstrated advantages conferring long-lasting immunization lower toxicity than synthetic nanoparticles. Edible plant-derived were shown an alternative delivery, especially via oral administration. obtained orange juice (oEVs) loaded with mRNAs their cargo degradation, stable at room temperature one year, able trigger response mice. Lyophilized oEVs containing S1 administered rats gavage induced specific generation blocking antibodies, IgA Th1 lymphocyte activation. In conclusion, mRNA-containing developing new due optimal mucosal absorption, resistance stress conditions, ability stimulate cellular

Language: Английский

---

Bacteria extracellular vesicle as nanopharmaceuticals for versatile biomedical potential

Nano Convergence, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: July 11, 2024

Abstract Bacteria extracellular vesicles (BEVs), characterized as the lipid bilayer membrane-surrounded nanoparticles filled with molecular cargo from parent cells, play fundamental roles in bacteria growth and pathogenesis, well facilitating essential interaction between host systems. Notably, benefiting their unique biological functions, BEVs hold great promise novel nanopharmaceuticals for diverse biomedical potential, attracting significant interest both industry academia. Typically, are evaluated promising drug delivery platforms, on account of intrinsic cell-targeting capability, ease versatile engineering, capability to penetrate physiological barriers. Moreover, attributing considerable immunogenicity, able interact immune system boost immunotherapy nanovaccine against a wide range diseases. Towards these directions, this review, we elucidate nature role activating response better understanding BEV-based nanopharmaceuticals’ development. Additionally, also systematically summarize recent advances achieving target genetic material, therapeutic agents, functional materials. Furthermore, vaccination strategies using carefully covered, illustrating flexible potential combating bacterial infections, viral cancer. Finally, current hurdles further outlook will be provided. Graphical

Language: Английский

---

Edible Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Oral mRNA Vaccine Delivery

Published: Jan. 10, 2024

Nucleic acid delivery through extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a well-preserved evolutionary mechanism in all life kingdoms including eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and plants. EVs naturally allow horizontal transfer of native as well exogenous functional mRNA, that once incorporated protected from enzymatic degradation. The possible use carriers for vaccine has been investigated showing expressing recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S protein induced an immune response. Moreover, EV-based vaccines presenting the natural configuration viral antigens have advantages conferring long lasting immunization lower toxicity than synthetic nanoparticles. To overcome manufacturing limitations derived eukaryotic cells, edible plant-derived studied attractive alternative delivery, especially mucosal administration. We recently showed obtained orange juice (oEVs) loaded with mRNAs their cargo degradation were stable at room temperature one year. Lyophilized oEVs containing S1 mRNA administered to rats by gavage they specific humoral response generation blocking antibodies, IgA, are first barrier adaptive Th1 cytokine secretion occurred, suggesting lymphocyte activation. In conclusion, mRNA-containing could be used developing new oral due optimal absorption, resistance stress conditions, ability stimulate cellular

Language: Английский

---

Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Immunity and Host Defense

Immunological Investigations, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(1), P. 10 - 25

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound structures released by cells and have become significant players in immune system functioning, primarily facilitating cell-to-cell communication. Immune like neutrophils dendritic release EVs containing bioactive molecules that modulate chemotaxis, activate cells, induce inflammation. also contribute to antigen presentation, lymphocyte activation, tolerance. Moreover, play pivotal roles antimicrobial host defense. They deliver microbial antigens antigen-presenting (APCs), triggering responses, or act as decoys neutralize virulence factors toxins. This review discusses EVs' multifaceted innate adaptive immunity, highlighting their involvement cell development, responses.

Language: Английский

---

Immunomodulatory properties of Bacillus subtilis extracellular vesicles on rainbow trout intestinal cells and splenic leukocytes

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 7, 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane-surrounded that carry bioactive molecules. Among EVs, outer membrane (OMVs), specifically produced by Gram-negative bacteria, have been extensively characterized and their potential as vaccines, adjuvants or immunotherapeutic agents, broadly explored in mammals. Nonetheless, Gram-positive bacteria can also produce bilayered spherical structures from 20 to 400 nm involved pathogenesis, antibiotic resistance, nutrient uptake nucleic acid transfer. However, information regarding immunomodulatory is very scarce, both mammals fish. In the current study, we EVs probiotic Bacillus subtilis evaluated capacities using a rainbow trout intestinal epithelial cell line (RTgutGC) splenic leukocytes. B. significantly up-regulated transcription of several pro-inflammatory antimicrobial genes RTgutGC cells splenocytes, while up-regulating many associated with B differentiation later. concordance, increased number IgM-secreting splenocyte cultures, at same time MHC II surface levels antigen-processing IgM + cells. Interestingly, some these experiments were repeated comparing effects obtained another species, megaterium , identifying important differences. The data presented provides evidence pointing immunostimulants for aquaculture.

Language: Английский

---

Both extracellular vesicles from helicobacter pylori-infected cells and helicobacter pylori outer membrane vesicles are involved in gastric/extragastric diseases

European journal of medical research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(1)

Published: Nov. 6, 2023

Abstract Bacterial-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as crucial mediators in the cross-talk between hosts and pathogens, playing a significant role infectious diseases cancers. Among these Helicobacter pylori ( H. ) is particularly important bacterium implicated various gastrointestinal disorders, gastric cancers, systemic illnesses. achieves effects by stimulating host cells to secrete EVs generating internal outer membrane (OMVs). The derived from -infected modulate inflammatory signaling pathways, thereby affecting cell proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine release, immune modification, endothelial dysfunction, well disrupting cellular junctional structures inducing cytoskeletal reorganization. In addition, OMVs isolated play pivotal shaping subsequent immunopathological responses. These incite both immunosuppressive reactions within environment, facilitating pathogen evasion of defenses invasion cells. Despite this growing understanding, research involving -derived remains its early stages across different domains. comprehensive review, we present recent advancements elucidating contributions EV components, such non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) proteins, pathogenesis extragastric diseases. Furthermore, highlight their potential utility biomarkers, therapeutic targets, vehicles for targeted delivery.

Language: Английский

---

Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles: Role in Pathogenesis and Host-Cell Interactions

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 32 - 32

Published: Dec. 28, 2023

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are small, spherical structures released from the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria into surrounding environment. Investigations OMVs range their biogenesis and cargo composition to ability transfer virulence factors modulate host immune responses. This emerging understanding has unveiled pivotal role in pathogenicity infectious diseases, shedding light on interactions with cells, contributions inflammation, potential involvement antimicrobial resistance, promising use for development novel treatments therapies. Numerous studies have associated pathogenic exacerbation inflammatory underlining significance mechanisms these find alternatives combating conditions. Additionally, possess act as decoys, absorbing neutralizing antibiotics, which significantly diminishes efficacy a broad spectrum agents. Another subtopic interest is produced by commensal microbiota. These increasingly acknowledged mutualistic functions, influencing host’s physiology Consequently, play crucial maintaining balanced gut microbiota fostering symbiotic relationships that contribute overall health well-being host. comprehensive review aims provide an up-to-date derived bacteria, summarizing current research findings, elucidating multifaceted diverse biological contexts.

Language: Английский

---

Engineered Therapeutic Bacteria with High-Yield Membrane Vesicle Production Inspired by Eukaryotic Membrane Curvature for Treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) are emerging as powerful natural nanoparticles with transformative potential in medicine and industry. Despite their promise, scaling up BMV production ensuring stable isolation storage remain formidable challenges that limit broader application. Inspired by eukaryotic mechanisms of curvature, we engineered Escherichia coli DH5α to serve a high-efficiency factory. By fusing the ethanolamine utilization microcompartment shell protein EutS outer via ompA signal peptide, induced dramatic curvatures drove enhanced vesiculation. Simultaneously, overexpression fatty acyl reductase led amphiphilic alcohols, further amplifying yield. Dynamic modulation peptidoglycan hydrolase (PGase) expression facilitated efficient release, resulting striking 149.11-fold increase vesicle production. Notably, high-yield BMVs from our strain, without need for purification, significantly bolstered innate immune responses demonstrated therapeutic efficacy treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study presents strategy overcome barriers, showcasing bacteria IBD treatment, while highlighting applications diverse biomedical fields.

Language: Английский

---