Virulence,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Dec. 8, 2024
Campylobacter
jejuni
is
the
leading
cause
of
bacterial
gastroenteritis
and
a
major
public
health
concern
worldwide.
Despite
its
importance,
our
understanding
how
C.
causes
diarrhoea
interacts
with
hosts
limited
due
to
absence
appropriate
infection
models
established
virulence
factors
found
in
other
enteric
pathogens.
Additionally,
despite
genetic
diversity,
non-pathogenic
strains
are
unknown.
Regardless
these
limitations,
significant
progress
has
been
made
uses
complex
array
which
aid
bacterium
survive
respond
host
defences.
This
review
provides
an
update
on
fitness
determinants
this
important
pathogen
questions
knowledge
that
often
based
inferred
genomics
surrogate
models.
Cell Communication and Signaling,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
23(1)
Published: Feb. 11, 2025
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
relevant
elements
for
cell-to-cell
communication
and
considered
crucial
in
host-pathogen
interactions
by
transferring
molecules
between
the
pathogen
host
during
infections.
These
structures
participate
various
physiological
pathological
processes
promising
candidates
as
disease
markers,
therapeutic
reagents,
drug
carriers.
Both
H.
pylori
epithelial
cells
infected
secrete
EVs,
which
contribute
to
inflammation
development
of
phenotypes.
However,
many
aspects
cellular
molecular
biology
EV
functions
remain
incompletely
understood
due
methodological
challenges
studying
these
small
structures.
This
review
also
highlights
roles
EVs
derived
from
pylori-infected
pathogenesis
gastric
extragastric
diseases.
Understanding
specific
infections,
whether
advantageous
or
pathogen,
may
help
new
approaches
prevent
disease.
Diagnostics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(20), P. 2319 - 2319
Published: Oct. 18, 2024
Antimicrobial
Resistance
(AMR)
has
evolved
from
a
mere
concern
into
significant
global
threat,
with
profound
implications
for
public
health,
healthcare
systems,
and
the
economy.
Since
introduction
of
antibiotics
between
1945
1963,
their
widespread
often
indiscriminate
use
in
human
medicine,
agriculture,
animal
husbandry
led
to
emergence
rapid
spread
antibiotic-resistant
genes.
Bacteria
have
developed
sophisticated
mechanisms
evade
effects
antibiotics,
including
drug
uptake
limitation,
degradation,
target
modification,
efflux
pumps,
biofilm
formation,
outer
membrane
vesicles
production.
As
result,
AMR
now
poses
threat
comparable
climate
change
COVID-19
pandemic,
projections
suggest
that
death
rates
will
be
up
10
million
deaths
annually
by
2050,
along
staggering
economic
cost
exceeding
$100
trillion.
Addressing
requires
multifaceted
approach,
development
new
alternative
therapies,
shift
antibiotic
usage
regulation.
Enhancing
surveillance
increasing
awareness,
prioritizing
investments
research,
diagnostics,
vaccines
are
critical
steps.
By
recognizing
gravity
committing
collaborative
action,
its
impact
can
mitigated,
health
protected
future
generations.
Molecules,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
30(2), P. 204 - 204
Published: Jan. 7, 2025
Helicobacter
pylori
is
a
Gram-negative
bacterium
and
human
pathogen
that
linked
to
various
gastric
diseases,
including
peptic
ulcer
disease,
chronic
gastritis,
cancer.
The
filament
of
the
H.
flagellum
surrounded
by
membranous
sheath
contiguous
with
outer
membrane.
Proteomic
analysis
isolated
sheathed
flagella
from
B128
identified
lipoprotein
HP0135
as
potential
component
flagellar
sheath.
small
protein,
mature
only
28
amino
acid
residues
in
length.
Deletion
hp0135
resulted
morphological
abnormalities
included
extensive
formation
membrane
vesicles
increased
frequency
mini-cells.
Introducing
plasmid-borne
copy
into
Δhp0135
mutant
suppressed
abnormalities.
phenotype
suggests
has
roles
stabilizing
cell
envelope
division.
Avian Pathology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 26
Published: Jan. 21, 2025
AbstractIt
was
previously
reported
that
utilization
of
tetrathionate
and
1,2-propanediol
by
Salmonella
spp.
through
the
metabolic
pathways
encoded
ttr
pdu
operons
are
related
to
overgrowth
out-competing
microbiota
in
an
anaerobic
environment.
However,
recent
knowledge
demonstrated
which
strains
absence
genes
provoke
both
higher
intestinal
colonization
spreading
bacteria
on
faeces
relation
their
respective
wild-type
strain,
generate
more
prominent
inflammation
as
well.
This
study
evaluated
immune
response
different
lineages
chicks
infected
Typhimurium
(STM)
Enteritidis
(SE)
with
ttrA
pduA
gene
deletions.
Our
work
separated
into
two
experiments,
one
for
each
utilizing
108
collect
spleen
caecal
tonsils
measuring
RT-qPCR.
From
analysis,
mutant
elicited
upregulated
pro-inflammatory
cytokines
first-day
post-infection,
opposite
occurred
when
compared
(mutant
wild-type).
deletions
did
not
impair
produced
tonsil
spleen,
suggesting
these
essential
success.
In
conclusion,
SE
STM,
genes,
same
intensity
strains.
Pharmedicine journal.,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
2(1), P. 1 - 7
Published: Feb. 28, 2025
The
misuse
and
overuse
of
antibiotics
have
driven
the
emergence
antibiotic-resistant
bacteria
in
recent
decades.
With
increasing
incidence
resistant
strains
significant
slowdown
new
antibiotic
discoveries,
treating
bacterial
infections
has
become
more
challenging.
Therefore,
there
is
an
urgent
need
to
explore
alternative
treatments,
such
as
using
outer
membrane
vesicles
(OMVs)
for
targeted
delivery.
OMVs
are
nanoscale,
spherical
structures
originating
from
Gram-negative
bacteria's
membrane.
These
naturally
released
by
almost
all
types
into
their
environment
during
growth
play
crucial
roles
pathogenesis
transporting
specific
biomolecules,
toxins
other
virulence
factors,
host
cells.
Due
unique
ability
encapsulate
transport
various
bioactive
molecules
across
Gram
negative
cell
membrane,
nanosized
hold
potential
a
novel
platform
This
review
discusses
biogenesis,
biofunctions,
antibacterial
applications
OMVs.
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 25, 2025
Abstract
Antimicrobial
peptides
are
small
cationic
molecules
produced
by
eukaryotic
cells
to
combat
infection,
as
well
bacteria
for
niche
competition.
Polymyxin
B
(PmB),
a
cyclic
antimicrobial
peptide,
is
used
prophylactically
in
livestock
and
last-resort
treatment
multidrug-resistant
bacterial
infections
humans.
In
this
study,
transcriptomic
analysis
Vibrio
cholerae
showed
that
expression
of
the
uncharacterized
gene
ompV
stimulated
response
PmB.
We
found
organized
conserved
four-gene
operon
with
two-component
system
carRSvirK
in
V.cholerae.
A
virKdeletion
mutant
an
deletion
were
more
sensitive
antimicrobials,
suggesting
both
OmpV
VirK
contribute
resistance.
Our
efflux
pump
vexAB,
known
effector
PmB
resistance,
was
upregulated
ompV-dependent
manner
presence
The
predicted
structure
revealed
lateral
opening
β-barrel
wall
access
electronegative
pocket
barrel
lumen
can
accommodate
Such
interaction
could
facilitate
intracellular
signaling
through
conformational
change
OmpV.
This
provides
first
evidence
specialized
governing
multiple
systems
resistance
V.
cholerae.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: April 15, 2025
Outer
membrane
vesicles
(OMVs)
released
by
Helicobacter
pylori
(
H.pylori
)
can
enter
the
blood
circulation
of
host
and
cause
extra-gastric
lesions
such
as
atherosclerosis
hyperemesis
gravidarum.
This
study
aimed
to
investigate
effect
OMVs
on
development
thymic
T
cells
in
offspring
mice
its
underlying
mechanisms.
Through
experimental
observations,
we
found
that
were
able
cross
placental
barrier,
leading
a
decrease
number
CD3
+
CD4
peripheral
response
stimulation.
After
stimulation
with
cell
positive
selection
experiments,
expression
levels
CHMP5,
IKK-β,
NF-κB
are
up-regulated,
release
cytokines
IL-7,
IL-2,
IL-4,
IFN-γ
is
simultaneously
increased,
whereas
negative
JNK
CHMP5
Bcl-2
down-regulated
E15-16
fetal
thymus
organ
culture.
These
results
indicate
transmission
H
from
mother
fetus
might
be
related
central
tolerance
cells.
The
mechanism
may
involve
an
interaction
between
OMVs-stimulated
pathway
TCR
pathway,
although
further
research
needed
confirm
this
hypothesis.
highlights
importance
preventing
infection
during
pregnancy
suggests
centrally
tolerated
antigens
needs
considered
vaccine
design
maximize
prevention.
