Incidence and management of the main serious adverse events reported after COVID‐19 vaccination

Pharmacology Research & Perspectives, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3)

Published: June 1, 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2n first appeared in Wuhan, China 2019. Soon after, it was declared a pandemic World Health Organization. The health crisis imposed new virus and its rapid spread worldwide prompted fast development of vaccines. For time human history, two vaccines based on recombinant genetic material technology were approved for use. These mRNA applied massive immunization programs around world, followed other more traditional approaches. Even though all tested clinical trials prior to their general administration, serious adverse events, usually very low incidence, mostly identified after application millions doses. Establishing direct correlation (the cause-effect paradigm) between vaccination appearance effects has proven challenging. This review focuses main observed vaccination, including anaphylaxis, myocarditis, vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia, Guillain-Barré syndrome, transverse myelitis reported context COVID-19 vaccination. We highlight symptoms, laboratory tests required an adequate diagnosis, briefly outline recommended treatments these effects. aim this work is increase awareness among healthcare personnel about events that may arise post-vaccination. Regardless ongoing discussion safety must be promptly treated effectively reduce risk complications.

Language: Английский

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Caveats of chimpanzee ChAdOx1 adenovirus-vectored vaccines to boost anti-SARS-CoV-2 protective immunity in mice

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 108(1)

Published: Jan. 27, 2024

Abstract Several COVID-19 vaccines use adenovirus vectors to deliver the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. Immunization with these promotes immunity against S protein, but also itself. This could interfere entry of vaccine into cell, reducing its efficacy. Herein, we evaluate efficiency an adenovirus-vectored (chimpanzee ChAdOx1 adenovirus, AZD1222) in boosting specific compared that induced by a recombinant receptor-binding domain (RBD)-based without viral vector. Mice immunized AZD1222 human were given booster 6 months later, either homologous or based on RBD delta variant, which was prevalent at start this study. A significant increase anti-RBD antibody levels observed rRBD-boosted mice (31–61%) those receiving two doses (0%). Significantly higher rates PepMix™- RBD-elicited proliferation IFNγ-producing CD4 and CD8 cells from boosted one RBD, respectively. The lower ChAdOx1-S be result pre-existing anti-vector immunity, increased anti-adenovirus antibodies found both humans. Taken together, results point importance avoiding recurrent same vector individuals memory them. It illustrates disadvantages respect protein vaccines, can used restriction vaccine-booster programs. Key points • (AZD1222) may not effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 is Antibodies elicited rRBD-delta persisted for up 3

Language: Английский

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Respiratory syncytial virus immunoprophylaxis: Novel opportunities and a call for equity

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Abstract With the approval of first vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and a novel RSV‐neutralizing antibody, 2023 has been perceived as game‐changing year in preventing severe outcomes RSV infections infants elderly. However, costs these pharmaceuticals are high, while disproportionately impacts populations low‐to‐middle‐income regions, which may continue to suffer from lack pharmaceutical measures for prevention under health socioeconomic disparities. This paper presents an overview characteristics, clinical results, status various anti‐RSV antibodies. It posits that wealthy nations cannot monopolize immunoprophylaxis should work jointly make it available lower‐income countries. An approach toward equity based on five points is offered: (1) integration antibodies into existing global humanitarian distribution systems, (2) using affordable vaccine pricing models, (3) enforcing part national public strategy, (4) implementing equitable allocation frameworks immunoprophylaxis, (5) promoting local manufacturing. Such plan needs be put action soon possible avoid delays serving with highest related burden.

Language: Английский

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Is there still hope for the prophylactic hepatitis C vaccine? A review of different approaches

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(9)

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Abstract Despite remarkable progress in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, it remains a significant global health burden, necessitating development an effective prophylactic vaccine. This review paper presents current landscape HCV vaccine candidates and approaches, including more traditional, based on inactivated virus, modern, such as subunit protein, vectored, nucleic acids (DNA mRNA) virus‐like particles. The concept is first put context viral genetic diversity adaptive responses to understanding which crucial guiding against complex virus. Because ethical dimensions are also research, development, potential deployment, we address them this paper. road safe prevent infection bumpy due variation its ability evade immune responses. cell‐culture systems allowed for production candidate, can induce cross‐neutralizing antibodies vitro , but whether could humans unknown. Subunit protein that entered clinical trials elicited HCV‐specific humoral cellular responses, though be shown they translate into prevention or progression chronic state. Such were induced by clinically tested vector‐based decreased load did not infection. These disappointments readily predicted from preclinical animal studies. platforms employing particles, DNA, mRNA provide opportunities vaccine, their has yet shown. Ensuring designed conserved epitope(s) elicits broadly neutralizing essential. Given failures developing continue supporting national strategies, funding screening programs. However, these actions likely insufficient permanently control encouraging further mobilization resources research missing element elimination public health.

Language: Английский

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The Ambivalence of Post COVID-19 Vaccination Responses in Humans

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 1320 - 1320

Published: Oct. 17, 2024

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has prompted a massive global vaccination campaign, leading to the rapid development and deployment of several vaccines. Various COVID-19 vaccines are under different phases clinical trials include whole virus or its parts like DNA, mRNA, protein subunits administered directly through vectors. Beginning in 2020, few mRNA (Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 Moderna mRNA-1273) adenovirus-based (AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S Janssen Ad26.COV2.S) were recommended WHO for emergency use before completion phase 3 4 trials. These mostly two three doses at defined frequency between doses. While these vaccines, mainly based on viral nucleic acids conferred protection against progression SARS-CoV-2 infection into COVID-19, prevented death due disease, their also been accompanied plethora side effects. Common effects localized reactions such as pain injection site, well systemic fever, fatigue, headache. symptoms generally mild moderate resolve within days. However, rare but more serious have reported, including allergic anaphylaxis and, some cases, myocarditis pericarditis, particularly younger males. Ongoing surveillance research efforts continue refine understanding adverse effects, providing critical insights risk-benefit profile Nonetheless, overall safety supports continued combating with regulatory agencies health organizations emphasizing importance preventing COVID-19's outcomes. In this review, we describe types summarize various autoimmune inflammatory response(s) manifesting predominantly cardiac, hematological, neurological, psychological dysfunctions. incidence, presentation, risk factors, diagnosis, management possible mechanisms contributing discussed. review highlights potential ambivalence human response post-COVID-19 necessitates need mitigate

Language: Английский

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Next-Generation Adenoviral Vector-Based Vaccines for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 406 - 406

Published: April 14, 2025

This review systematically revises adenovirus (Ad) biology, vector structure, immune responses, and currently available Ad COVID-19 vaccines. It analyzes the challenges associated with vector-based vaccines, including preexisting immunity other side effects. Moreover, this explores novel innovative strategies to overcome these constraints for developing next-generation vaccines broad protection cover emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. The future refinement of vaccine platforms will be pivotal in achieving durable against variants global preparedness.

Language: Английский

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BCG administration promotes the long-term protection afforded by a single-dose intranasal adenovirus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine

iScience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(9), P. 107612 - 107612

Published: Aug. 11, 2023

Recent publications have explored intranasal (i.n.) adenovirus-based (Ad) vaccines as an effective strategy for SARS-CoV-2 in pre-clinical models. However, the effects of prior immunizations and infections yet to be considered. Here, we investigate immunomodulatory Mycobacterium bovis BCG pre-immunization followed by vaccination with S-protein-expressing i.n. Ad, termed Ad(Spike). While Ad(Spike) retains some protective effect after 6 months, a single administration BCG-Danish potentiates its ability control viral replication B.1.351 variant within respiratory tract. Though did not affect Ad(Spike)-generated humoral immunity, it promoted generation cytotoxic/Th1 responses over suppressive FoxP3+ TREG cells lungs infected mice. Thus, this may prove useful limiting future pandemics potentiating long-term efficacy mucosal context widely distributed vaccine.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic and toxicological considerations regarding CGRP mAbs and CGRP antagonists to treat migraine in COVID-19 patients: a narrative review

Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(12), P. 951 - 967

Published: Nov. 5, 2023

Introduction Migraine pharmacological therapies targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), including monoclonal antibodies and gepants, have shown clinical effect optimal tolerability. Interactions between treatments of COVID-19 CGRP-related drugs not been reviewed.

Language: Английский

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A Narrative Review of Neurological Complications of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination

Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(01), P. 010 - 017

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Adverse reactions to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine depict a tropism for neural structures. This narrative review was aimed discuss published data on spectrum of neurological side effects SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, which were accorded emergency use authorization. The majority manifestations vaccination are usually mild, brief, self-limiting, and easily manageable. Rarely, these can be serious nature require hospitalization. High vigilance helps in early identification treatment complications leading good outcomes. reported incidence vaccinated population is miniscule, overall benefits outweigh risks effects. However, it crucial conduct larger collaborative multicenter studies prove or reject causal association between vaccines postvaccination Herein, we have tried summarize various related literature from 2021 mid-2023.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 aşısına bağlı yan etkiler; faydalar risklerden ağır basıyor mu?

JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND STRATEGIC HEALTH RESEARCH, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(4), P. 226 - 230

Published: Nov. 21, 2023

COVID-19 vaccine-associated adverse effects; benefits outweigh the risks? effects vaccines are produced with latest technology in a very short time to get rid of this disease. These have been and used millions around world. Although some simple local side reported during immediately after administration vaccine, long-term affecting various organs recently begun be reported, especially use mRNA vaccines. This minireview discusses issues related these less common effects.

Language: Английский

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