Extracellular vesicles: a new frontier in diagnosing and treating graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: March 26, 2025

Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a prevalent complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and characterized by relatively high morbidity mortality rates. GvHD can result in extensive systemic damage patients HSCT (allo-HSCT), with the skin, gastrointestinal tract, liver frequently being primary target organs affected. The severe manifestations of acute intestinal often indicate poor prognosis for after allo-HSCT. Endoscopy histopathological evaluation remain employed to diagnose GvHD, auxiliary examinations exclude differential diagnoses. Currently, reliable serum biomarkers diagnosis are scarce. As an essential part standard transplant protocols, early application immunosuppressive drugs effectively prevents GvHD. Among them, steroids represent first-line therapeutic agents, JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib represents second-line agent. no efficacious treatment modality exists steroid-resistant aGvHD. Therefore, still face significant medical demands. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) nanometer micrometer-scale biomembrane containing various bioactive components, such as proteins, nucleotides, metabolites. Distinctive changes serum-derived EV components occur allo-HSCT; Hence, EVs expected be potential diagnosing treating Furthermore, cell-free therapeutics derived from mesenchymal cells (MSCs) have manifested remarkable efficacy preclinical models trials Customized engineered fewer toxic side effects combined hold broad prospects clinical translation. This review article examines value translating into applications It summarizes latest advancements applying

Language: Английский

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Recent advances in the role of mesenchymal stem cells as modulators in autoinflammatory diseases

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Dec. 20, 2024

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), recognized for their self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation capabilities, have garnered considerable wide attention since discovery in bone marrow. Recent studies underscored the potential of MSCs immune regulation, particularly context autoimmune diseases, which arise from system imbalances necessitate long-term treatment. Traditional immunosuppressive drugs, while effective, can lead to drug tolerance adverse effects, including a heightened risk infections malignancies. Consequently, adjuvant therapy incorporating has emerged as promising new treatment strategy, leveraging immunomodulatory properties. This paper reviews mechanisms application highlighting regulate responses reduce inflammation. The are primarily mediated through direct cell contact paracrine activity with cells. review lays groundwork broader clinical future underscores significant scientific value prospects. Further research is expected enhance efficacy safety MSCs-based treatments diseases.

Language: Английский

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Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as Nanocarriers for Treating Musculoskeletal Disorders

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: Volume 19, P. 13547 - 13562

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Musculoskeletal disorders are a series of diseases involving bone, muscle, cartilage, and tendon, mainly caused by chronic strain, degenerative changes, structural damage due to trauma. The limit the function patients pain significantly reduce their quality life. In recent years, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells have been extensively applied in regeneration medicine research particular abilities self-renewal, differentiation, targeted homing more easily accessed compared with other sources. paracrine effect ADSCs plays crucial role intercellular communication releasing mass mediators, including cytokines growth factors, particularly exosomes they secrete. Not only do these possess low immunogenicity, toxicity, an enhanced ability penetrate bio-barrier, but also inherit parent cells' characteristics carry various bioactive molecules release cells, modulating biological process. Meanwhile, make natural nanocarrier capable drug delivery specific sites, enhancing bioavailability drugs within body achieving precision therapy fewer toxic side effects. Furthermore, integration tissue engineering chemical modification strategies can enhance efficacy facilitating repair. However, current on ADSC-Exos for improving MSDs remains at early stage needs further exploration. Therefore, this review summarized ADSC-Exo as nanodrug carrier mechanism treatment fracture, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, tendon injury, which push forward progress MSDs.

Language: Английский

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Combination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and mesenchymal stem cell therapy to treat toxoplasmic encephalitis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A case report

Transplant Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 102130 - 102130

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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