Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
43(1)
Published: Dec. 23, 2024
Abstract
Ductal
carcinoma
in
situ
(DCIS)
is
a
noninvasive
breast
disease
that
variably
progresses
to
invasive
cancer
(IBC).
Given
the
unpredictability
of
this
progression,
most
DCIS
patients
are
aggressively
managed
similar
IBC
patients.
Undoubtedly,
treatment
paradigm
places
many
at
risk
overtreatment
and
its
significant
consequences.
Historically,
prognostic
modeling
has
included
assessment
clinicopathological
features
genomic
markers.
Although
these
provide
valuable
insights
into
tumor
biology,
they
remain
insufficient
predict
which
will
progress
IBC.
Contemporary
work
begun
focus
on
microenvironment
surrounding
ductal
cells
for
molecular
patterns
might
progression.
In
review,
extracellular
alterations
occurring
with
malignant
transformation
from
detailed.
Not
only
do
changes
collagen
abundance,
organization,
localization
mediate
transition
IBC,
but
also
discrete
post-translational
regulation
fibers
understood
promote
invasion.
Other
matrix
proteins,
such
as
metalloproteases,
decorin,
tenascin
C,
have
been
characterized
their
role
further
demonstrate
value
matrix.
Importantly,
proteins
influence
immune
fibroblasts
toward
pro-tumorigenic
phenotypes.
Thus,
progressive
play
key
invasion
promise
development.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: April 1, 2025
The
prognosis
for
head
and
neck
squamous
cell
carcinoma
(HNSCC)
remains
unfavorable,
primarily
due
to
significant
therapeutic
resistance
the
absence
effective
interventions.
A
major
obstacle
in
cancer
treatment
is
persistent
of
cells
a
variety
modalities.
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
which
includes
encompasses
all
non-malignant
components
their
metabolites
within
tissue,
plays
crucial
role
this
context.
distinct
characteristics
HNSCC
TME
facilitate
growth,
invasion,
metastasis,
treatment.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
overview
components,
with
particular
focus
on
tumor-associated
macrophages
(TAMs),
regulatory
T
(Tregs),
myeloid-derived
suppressor
(MDSCs),
cancer-associated
fibroblasts
(CAFs),
extracellular
matrix,
reprogrammed
metabolic
processes,
products.
It
elucidates
contributions
modulating
chemotherapy,
radiotherapy,
targeted
therapy,
immunotherapy
HNSCC,
explores
novel
strategies
targeting
management.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: April 1, 2025
In
solid
tumors,
the
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
is
a
complex
mix
of
tumor,
immune,
stromal
cells,
fibroblasts,
and
extracellular
matrix.
Cytotoxic
T
lymphocytes
(CTLs)
constitute
fraction
immune
cells
that
may
infiltrate
into
TME.
The
primary
function
these
T-cells
to
detect
eliminate
cells.
However,
due
immunosuppressive
factors
present
in
TME
primarily
mediated
by
Myeloid-Derived
Suppressor
Cells
(MDSCs),
Tumor
associated
macrophages
(TAMs),
Cancer
Associated
Fibroblasts
(CAFs)
as
well
themselves,
fail
differentiate
effector
or
become
dysfunctional
are
unable
tumor.
addition,
chronic
antigen
stimulation
within
also
leads
phenomenon,
first
identified
lymphocytic
choriomeningitis
virus
(LCMV)
infection
mice,
where
exhausted
lose
their
functions.
Exhausted
(Tex)
characterized
presence
remarkably
conserved
inhibitory
receptors,
transcription
signaling
downregulation
key
molecules.
Tex
have
been
various
malignancies,
including
melanoma,
colorectal
hepatocellular
cancers.
Recent
studies
indicated
novel
strategies
reverse
T-cell
exhaustion.
These
include
checkpoint
inhibitor
blockade
targeting
programmed
cell
death
protein
1
(PD-1),
immunoglobulin
mucin-domain
containing-3
(Tim-3),
cytotoxic
T-lymphocyte
4
(CTLA-4),
combinations
different
therapies
(ICTs)
combination
ICTs
with
cytokine
co-stimulation.
this
review,
we
discuss
aspects
dysfunction
focus
on
We
believe
gaining
insight
mechanisms
exhaustion
human
tumors
will
pave
way
for
developing
therapeutic
target
potentially
re-invigorate
cancer.
Cancer Cell International,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
25(1)
Published: April 21, 2025
Despite
its
rapid
growth
and
early
metastasis,
small
cell
lung
cancer
(SCLC)
is
more
chemosensitive
than
other
cancers.
However,
some
patients
with
extensive-stage
SCLC
(ES-SCLC)
do
not
respond
to
first-line
chemotherapy,
resulting
in
poorer
prognoses
due
inter-
intratumoral
heterogeneity.
In
this
study,
we
conducted
single-cell
RNA
sequencing
of
9
treatment-naive
ES-SCLC
samples.
Based
on
comprehensive
imaging
evidence
collected
before
after
two
cycles
chemotherapy
sample
types,
the
samples
were
categorized
into
three
groups:
progressive
disease
pleural
effusion
(PD_PE
group,
n
=
1),
primary
tumor
(PD_TU
2),
partial
response
(PR_TU
6).
transcriptomic
landscape
type
composition,
PD
represent
a
multicellular
ecosystem
distinct
from
PR
The
immune
response,
along
elevated
expression
immune-related
genes
such
as
LTF,
SLPI,
SPARC
IGLV1-51,
might
correlate
poor
ES-SCLC.
We
also
observed
that
T
cells,
particularly
effector
abundant
PD_TU
TNFA
signaling
via
NFκB
being
significantly
enriched.
group
was
strongly
enriched
macrophages
tumor-associated
(TAMs),
angiogenesis
TAMs
highly
Immunomodulatory
fibroblasts
pathways
epithelial-mesenchymal
transition
upregulated.
This
study
offers
first
insights
cellular
molecular
heterogeneity
different
responses.
Cancers,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17(1), P. 66 - 66
Published: Dec. 29, 2024
Hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
is
a
major
global
health
issue
characterized
by
poor
prognosis
and
complex
tumor
biology.
One
of
the
critical
components
HCC
microenvironment
(TME)
tumor-associated
macrophages
(TAMs),
which
play
pivotal
role
in
modulating
growth,
immune
evasion,
metastasis.
Macrophages
are
divided
into
two
subtypes:
pro-inflammatory
M1
anti-inflammatory
M2,
both
may
exist
TME
with
altered
function
proportion.
The
M2
further
subdivided
four
distinct
suppressive
subsets.
TAMs
generally
counted
as
M2-like
functions
that
exert
significant
influence
on
cancer
progression
ability
tumors
to
escape
surveillance.
Their
involvement
responses
via
different
mechanisms
at
local
systemic
levels
has
made
them
key
target
for
therapeutic
interventions
seeking
enhance
treatment
outcomes.
How
TAMs’
depletion
influences
primary
interest
immunotherapies.
purpose
this
review
delve
recent
progress
TAM-targeting
therapies.
We
will
explore
current
theories,
benefits,
challenges
associated
or
inhibition.
manuscript
concludes
future
directions
potential
implications
clinical
practice.
Cancer Letters,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
597, P. 217072 - 217072
Published: June 15, 2024
CD39
is
a
pivotal
enzyme
in
cancer,
regulating
immune
response
and
tumor
progression
via
extracellular
ATP
adenosine
the
microenvironment
(TME).
Beyond
its
established
immunoregulatory
function,
influences
cancer
cell
angiogenesis
metabolism,
opening
new
frontiers
for
therapeutic
interventions.
Current
research
faces
gaps
understanding
CD39's
full
impact
across
types,
with
ongoing
debates
about
potential
beyond
modulating
evasion.
This
review
distills
multifaceted
roles,
examining
dual
actions
implications
prognosis
treatment.
We
analyze
latest
strategies,
highlighting
need
an
integrated
approach
that
combines
molecular
insights
TME
dynamics
to
innovate
care.
synthesis
underscores
integral
role,
charting
course
precision
oncology
seeks
unravel
controversies
harness
promise
improved
outcomes.
Frontiers in Oncology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: June 21, 2024
Globally,
lung
cancer
stands
as
the
leading
type
of
in
terms
incidence
and
is
major
source
mortality
attributed
to
cancer.
We
have
outlined
molecular
biomarkers
for
that
are
available
clinically.
Circulating
tumor
cells
(CTCs)
spread
from
original
location,
circulate
bloodstream,
extravasate,
metastasize,
forming
secondary
tumors
by
invading
establishing
a
favorable
environment.
CTC
analysis
considered
common
liquid
biopsy
method
enumerated
both
