LL-37: Structures, Antimicrobial Activity, and Influence on Amyloid-Related Diseases

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 320 - 320

Published: March 8, 2024

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), as well host defense (HDPs), constitute the first line of part innate immune system. Humans are known to express antimicrobial precursor proteins, which further processed generate AMPs, including several types α/β defensins, histatins, and cathelicidin-derived AMPs like LL37. The broad-spectrum activity is crucial defend against infections caused by pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites. emergence multi-drug resistant bacteria global concern for public health. prospects targeting antibiotic-resistant strains with high significance developing new generations agents. 37-residue long LL37, only cathelicidin family AMP in humans, has been major focus past few decades research. LL37 likely underscored its expression throughout body, spanning from epithelial cells various organs—testis, skin, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract—to cells. Remarkably, apart canonical direct killing organisms, exerts other activities, inflammatory response modulation, chemo-attraction, wound healing closure at infected sites. In addition, derived bestowed anti-cancer anti-amyloidogenic properties. this review article, we aim develop integrative, mechanistic insight into peptides, based on biophysical, structural, functional studies recent years. We believe that will pave way future research structures, biochemical biophysical properties, design novel LL37-based molecules.

Language: Английский

Host immune response against fungal biofilms

Current Opinion in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 81, P. 102520 - 102520

Published: Aug. 9, 2024

Fungal biofilms are a multilayered community of cells attached to mucosal or abiotic surfaces enclosed in coating self-produced extracellular polymeric matrix. The sheer density protected by shield not only makes the biofilm impermeable antimicrobials immune but also hidden from host recognition. Biofilms serve as reservoir drug-resistant persister and dispersal armored with virulence factors adept at evading system. Here, we summarize latest knowledge on immunomodulatory properties formed Candida species other biofilm-forming fungal pathogens such Aspergillus Cryptococcus. Finally, deliberate promising strategies help activate system for combating biofilms.

Language: Английский

Recent progress in understanding the role of bacterial extracellular DNA: focus on dental biofilm

Critical Reviews in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 19

Published: Dec. 8, 2024

Dental biofilm is a highly complicated and dynamic structure comprising not only microbial communities but also the surrounding matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), including polysaccharides, proteins, DNA (eDNA) other biopolymers. In recent years, important role bacterial eDNA in dental biofilms has gradually attracted attention. this review, we present studies on presence, conformation release oral eDNA. Moreover, updated information functions associated with formation, antibiotic resistance, activation immune system evasion highlighted. Finally, summarize as promising target for treatment diseases. Increasing insight into versatile roles will facilitate prevention biofilm-induced infections.

Language: Английский