Carbon Balance in Salt Marsh and Mangrove Ecosystems: A Global Synthesis

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(10), P. 767 - 767

Published: Sept. 30, 2020

Mangroves and salt marshes are among the most productive ecosystems in global coastal ocean. store more carbon (739 Mg CORG ha−1) than (334 ha−1), but latter sequester proportionally (24%) net primary production (NPP) mangroves (12%). exhibit greater rates of gross (GPP), aboveground (AGNPP) plant respiration (RC), with higher PGPP/RC ratios, below-ground NPP (BGNPP). have subsurface DIC and, unlike marshes, active microbial decomposition to a soil depth 1 m. Salt release CH4 from creek waters export dissolved CH4, CO2 tidal amounts particulate organic (POC), (DOC) inorganic (DIC), adjacent waters. Both contribute only small proportion GPP, RE (ecosystem respiration) NEP (net ecosystem production) ocean due their area, 72% air–sea exchange world’s wetlands estuaries 34% 17% DOC + POC Thus, both wetland disproportionately flow

Language: Английский

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Blue carbon benefits from global saltmarsh restoration

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(23), P. 6517 - 6545

Published: Sept. 25, 2023

Coastal saltmarshes are found globally, yet 25%-50% reduced compared with their historical cover. Restoration is incentivised by the promise that marshes efficient storers of 'blue' carbon, although claim lacks substantiation across global contexts. We synthesised data from 431 studies to quantify benefits saltmarsh restoration carbon accumulation and greenhouse gas uptake. The results showed store approximately 1.41-2.44 Pg carbon. Restored had very low (GHG) fluxes rapid accumulation, resulting in a mean net rate 64.70 t CO2 e ha-1 year-1 . Using this estimate potential rates, we find regeneration could result 12.93-207.03 Mt per year, offsetting equivalent up 0.51% energy-related emissions-a substantial amount, considering represent <1% Earth's surface. Carbon rates GHG varied contextually temperature, rainfall dominant vegetation, eastern coasts USA Australia particular hotspots for storage. While study reveals paucity some variables continents, suggesting need further research, offset emissions clear. ability facilitate natural now rests principally on action management-policy community financial opportunities supporting restoration.

Language: Английский

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Global dataset of soil organic carbon in tidal marshes

Scientific Data, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Nov. 11, 2023

Tidal marshes store large amounts of organic carbon in their soils. Field data quantifying soil (SOC) stocks provide an important resource for researchers, natural managers, and policy-makers working towards the protection, restoration, valuation these ecosystems. We collated a global dataset tidal marsh (MarSOC) from 99 studies that includes location, depth, site name, dry bulk density, SOC, and/or matter (SOM). The MarSOC 17,454 points 2,329 unique locations, 29 countries. generated general transfer function conversion SOM to SOC. Using this we estimated median (± absolute deviation) value 79.2 ± 38.1 Mg SOC ha-1 top 30 cm 231 134 1 m soils globally. This can serve as basis future work, may contribute incorporation ecosystems into climate change mitigation adaptation strategies policies.

Language: Английский

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Too salty to farm: rethinking coastal land use in response to soil salinization

Restoration Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Soil salinization poses a growing threat to agriculture in coastal plains, exacerbated by climate change and sea‐level rise. As worsens, conventional soil regenerative practices become less effective, particularly low‐lying areas where saltwater intrusion land subsidence intensify the issue. This position paper advocates for shift from toward nature‐based approaches, such as restoration of intertidal ecosystems, more sustainable alternative. These approaches harness natural processes provide key ecosystem services, including enhanced biodiversity, carbon sequestration, flood protection, improved water quality, often surpassing benefits maintaining degraded farmland. Despite challenges like societal resistance, case studies Plan Tureluur demonstrate potential successful adaptation. We call balanced discussion on prioritizing health resilience over salinized regions, underscoring need rethink use strategies achieve sustainability areas.

Language: Английский

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Carbon and nitrogen stocks in sediment at Península Valdés Biosphere Reserve: novel insights into the potential contribution of large marine vertebrates to carbon sequestration

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Although policymakers and stakeholders are beginning to acknowledge the importance of marine biosphere in blue carbon services, role large vertebrates nitrogen cycle especially sequestration has not yet been fully understood. Large store only a small percentage total oceanic their bodies, but they can provide important lasting contributions flux. The Península Valdés Biosphere Reserve southwestern Argentina was partially established conserve these vertebrates, including South American sea lion ( Otaria flavescens ) southern right whale Eubalaena australis ). Three locations Peninsula were sampling for proximity vertebrate populations area presence salt marshes assess organic (OC) (TN) stocks top 1 m sediment. Our work provides first quantitative data on OC TN sequestered coastal sediments shows that this protected contributes significantly by storing relevant quantities (140 317 Mg ha -1 (7.3 22.9 Specifically, we found terrestrial plants main C sources each sediment core, non-negligible proportion (from 0.8 6.8% dry weight) showed an isotopic signal from usually inhabit area. Therefore, our results novel hypotheses about potential contribution as vector systems may serve basis further investigation into carbon.

Language: Английский

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The influence of mussel restoration on coastal carbon cycling

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(17), P. 5269 - 5282

Published: June 3, 2022

Increasing responsiveness to anthropogenic climate change and the loss of global shellfish ecosystems has heightened interest in carbon storage sequestration potential bivalve-dominated systems. While coastal are dynamic zones transformation change, current uncertainties notable heterogeneity benthic environment make it difficult ascertain mitigation capacity ongoing restoration projects aimed at revitalizing bivalve populations. In this study we sought distinguish between direct indirect effects subtidal green-lipped mussels (Perna canaliculus) on cycling, combined published literature with in-situ experiments from restored beds create a budget for New Zealand's efforts. A summation biogenic calcification, community respiration, sediment processes suggests moderate efflux (+100.1 179.6 g C m-2 year-1 ) occurs as result recent efforts, largely reflective heterotrophic nature bivalves. However, an examination metabolism dynamics that achieve greater fixation rates support enhanced burial compared nearby sediments devoid mussels. We discuss limitations our first-order approximation postulate how significance mussel carbon-related outcomes likely increases over longer timescales. Coastal is often conducted provisioning many ecosystem services, propose here not be used single measure offset dioxide emissions, but rather tandem other initiatives recover bundle valued services.

Language: Английский

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How can blue carbon burial in seagrass meadows increase long-term, net sequestration of carbon? A critical review

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(9), P. 093004 - 093004

Published: Aug. 18, 2022

Abstract Blue carbon sequestration in seagrass meadows has been proposed as a low-risk, nature-based solution to offset emissions and reduce the effects of climate change. Although timescale burial is too short ancient fossil fuel carbon, it role play reaching net zero within modern cycle. This review documents discusses recent advances (from 2015 onwards) field blue carbon. The affected by species, meadow connectivity, sediment bioturbation, grainsize, energy local environment, calcium carbonate formation. rate organic can be calculated product accumulation below mixed layer concentration attributable seagrass. A combination biomarkers identify material more precisely than bulk isotopes alone. main threats related change are sea-level rise, leading shoreline squeeze, temperature particularly during extreme events such heat domes. In conclusion, some disagreement literature over methodology controls on likely results from real, regional differences seagrasses their habitat. Inter-regional collaboration could help resolve methodological provide robust understanding global meadows.

Language: Английский

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Quantification of blue carbon in tropical salt marshes and their role in climate change mitigation

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 820, P. 153313 - 153313

Published: Jan. 20, 2022

Language: Английский

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Drivers of variability in Blue Carbon stocks and burial rates across European estuarine habitats

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 886, P. 163957 - 163957

Published: May 8, 2023

The implementation of climate change mitigation strategies based on the conservation and restoration Blue Carbon ecosystems requires a deep understanding magnitude variability in organic carbon (Corg) storage across within these ecosystems. This study explored soil Corg stocks burial rates intertidal estuarine habitats Atlantic European coast its relation to biotic abiotic drivers. A total 136 cores were collected saltmarshes located at different tidal zones (high marsh, N = 45; low 30), seagrass meadows (N 17) flats 44), from inner outer sections five estuaries characterized by basin land uses. Soil higher high-marsh communities (65 ± 3 Mg ha-1) than low-marsh (38 ha-1), (40 5 unvegetated (46 whereas also tended be high marshes (62 13 g m-2 y-1) compared (43 15 (35 9 y-1). decreased most reflecting decrease river influence towards estuary mouth. Higher related content silt clay proportion forest natural basin, pointing new opportunities for protecting coastal sinks upland Our contributes global inventory adding data unexplored regions Europe, identifying drivers estuaries.

Language: Английский

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Multiple habitats drive the functional diversity of fish assemblages in a tropical estuary

Marine Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 195, P. 106379 - 106379

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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