Polar Regions

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 2319 - 2368

Published: June 22, 2023

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Language: Английский

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Climate change impacts on sea-ice ecosystems and associated ecosystem services

Elementa Science of the Anthropocene, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

A rigorous synthesis of the sea-ice ecosystem and linked services highlights that supports all 4 service categories, ecosystems meet criteria for ecologically or biologically significant marine areas, global emissions driving climate change are directly to demise its services, deserves specific attention in evaluation protected area planning. The outlines (1) supporting provided form habitat, including feeding grounds nurseries microbes, meiofauna, fish, birds mammals (particularly key species Arctic cod, Boreogadus saida, Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, which tightly transfer carbon from primary producers higher trophic level mammal humans); (2) provisioning through harvesting medicinal genetic resources; (3) cultural Indigenous local knowledge systems, identity spirituality, via activities, tourism research; (4) (climate) regulating light regulation, production biogenic aerosols, halogen oxidation release uptake greenhouse gases, example, dioxide. ongoing changes polar regions have strong impacts on associated services. While response sea-ice–associated environmental is regionally variable, effect ice-associated predominantly negative, subsequently impacting human both regions. Conservation can help protect some functions. However, mitigation measure slow transition a strictly seasonal ice cover Ocean, reduce overall loss habitats ocean, thus preserve unique by sea their contributions well-being reduction emissions.

Language: Английский

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How do we best synergize climate mitigation actions to co‐benefit biodiversity?

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 28(8), P. 2555 - 2577

Published: Dec. 24, 2021

A multitude of actions to protect, sustainably manage and restore natural modified ecosystems can have co-benefits for both climate mitigation biodiversity conservation. Reducing greenhouse emissions limit warming less than 1.5 or 2°C above preindustrial levels, as outlined in the Paris Agreement, yield strong land, freshwater marine reduce amplifying feedbacks from ecosystem changes. Not all strategies are equally effective at producing co-benefits, some fact counterproductive. Moreover, social implications often overlooked within climate-biodiversity nexus. Protecting biodiverse carbon-rich environments, ecological restoration potentially habitats, deliberate creation novel taking into consideration a locally adapted meaningful (i.e. full consequences considered) mix these measures, result most robust win-win solutions. These be further enhanced by avoidance narrow goals, long-term views minimizing losses intact ecosystems. In this review paper, we first discuss various that evidence demonstrates negatively impact biodiversity, resulting unseen unintended negative consequences. We then examine co-deliver societal benefits. give examples solutions, categorized 'protect, restore, create', different regions world could expanded, upscaled used innovation.

Language: Английский

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Status, Change, and Futures of Zooplankton in the Southern Ocean

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: June 17, 2022

In the Southern Ocean, several zooplankton taxonomic groups, euphausiids, copepods, salps and pteropods, are notable because of their biomass abundance roles in maintaining food webs ecosystem structure function, including provision globally important services. These groups consumers microbes, primary secondary producers, prey for fishes, cephalopods, seabirds, marine mammals. providing link between production, higher trophic levels these taxa influence energy flows, biological production biomass, biogeochemical cycles, carbon flux web interactions thereby modulating functioning ecosystems. Additionally, Antarctic krill ( Euphausia superba ) various fish species harvested by international fisheries. Global local drivers change expected to affect dynamics key species, which may have potentially profound wide-ranging implications Ocean ecosystems services they provide. Here we assess current understanding dominant metazoan within other euphausiid, copepod, salp pteropod species. We provide a systematic overview observed potential future responses changing functional relationships impact them. To support assessments conservation management strategies, also identify priorities research.

Language: Английский

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Future Southern Ocean warming linked to projected ENSO variability

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 649 - 654

Published: June 27, 2022

Abstract The Southern Ocean is a primary heat sink that buffers atmospheric warming and has warmed substantially, accounting for an outsized portion of global warming-induced excess in the climate system. However, its projected highly uncertain varies substantially across models. Here, using outputs from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase six models, we show during twenty-first century linked to change amplitude El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Models simulating larger increase ENSO systematically produce slower warming; conversely, smaller sees stronger warming. asymmetry teleconnection between Niño La Niña cumulative surface wind anomalies over southern high latitudes, impacting uptake. magnitude inter-model variations accounts about 50% uncertainty

Language: Английский

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Biological responses to change in Antarctic sea ice habitats

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Jan. 23, 2023

Sea ice is a key habitat in the high latitude Southern Ocean and predicted to change its extent, thickness duration coming decades. The sea-ice cover instrumental mediating ocean–atmosphere exchanges provides an important substrate for organisms from microbes algae predators. Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, reliant on sea during phases of life cycle, particularly larval stages, food refuge their predators, while other small grazers, including copepods amphipods, either live brine channel system or find shelter at ice-water interface gaps between rafted blocks. Fish, such as silverfish Pleuragramma antarcticum , use platelet (loosely-formed frazil crystals) essential hatching nursery ground. In this paper, we apply framework Marine Ecosystem Assessment (MEASO) review current knowledge about relationships associated primary production secondary consumers, status drivers ocean. We then qualitative network modelling explore possible responses lower trophic level biota different perturbations, warming air ocean temperatures, increased storminess reduced annual duration. This shows that pelagic algae, copepods, krill fish are likely decrease response temperatures duration, salp populations will increase under conditions number days >0°C. Differences these pressures five MEASO sectors were also explored. Greater impacts environmental ice-related occurring presently found West East Pacific (notably Ross western Peninsula), with flow-on effects wider ecosystem. All expected be impacted over Finally, highlight priorities future biological research address field.

Language: Английский

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Twenty‐First‐Century Environmental Change Decreases Habitat Overlap of Antarctic Toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) and Its Prey

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Antarctic toothfish are a commercially exploited upper‐level predator in the Southern Ocean. As many of its prey, ectothermic, water‐breathing is specifically adapted to temperature and oxygen conditions present high‐latitude Additionally, life cycle depends on sea‐ice dynamics transport individuals by currents between regions with different prey. To assess impact 21st‐century climate change potential interactions we here employ extended aerobic growth index (AGI), which quantifies effect ocean levels habitat viability individual species. We quantify changes predator–prey viable overlap as obtained AGI. environmental data, use future projections for four emission scenarios from model FESOM‐REcoM, designed applications near continental shelf. For two highest‐emission scenarios, find that warming deoxygenation response cause subsurface decline up 40% important prey species, such silverfish icefish. Acknowledging regional differences, our results demonstrate alone can significantly perturb Our findings highlight need better quantitative understanding impacts species constrain ecosystem change.

Language: Английский

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Climate change impacts on Antarctic krill behaviour and population dynamics

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 43 - 58

Published: Dec. 19, 2023

Language: Английский

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Antarctic krill sequester similar amounts of carbon to key coastal blue carbon habitats

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Sept. 8, 2024

Language: Английский

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Antarctic pelagic ecosystems on a warming planet

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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