ANU Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 13
Published: June 18, 2024
Marine Ecology Progress Series, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 733, P. 1 - 26
Published: Feb. 13, 2024
Kelp forests are among the most abundant coastal marine habitats but vulnerable to climate change. The Northeast Pacific has experienced recent large-scale changes in kelp abundance and distribution, little is known about north of British Columbia (BC)-Washington border. Here, we assessed whether how floating canopy ( Macrocystis pyrifera, Nereocystis luetkean a ) distributions have changed decades along extensive coast BC. We assembled analysed available distributional data, comparing snapshots linear extent from 1.5-3 ago (1994-2007) recently collected data (2017-2021) across 11 different subregions spanning province. then leveraged timeseries, where (n = 7 sets), contextualise patterns In aggregate, suggest that declined considerably some parts province, with variable change warmest areas (southern BC), persistence was negatively correlated mean summer sea surface temperatures, which at times exceeded thermal tolerances. contrast, northern subregions, top-down control by urchins otters appeared modulate dynamics, declines occurring 2 despite cool ocean temperatures. Timeseries many occurred around 2014-2016 heatwave, an event associated sustained warming altered trophic dynamics. Our results BC’s places decades, regional local-scale factors influence their responses environmental
Language: Английский
Citations
9
FACETS, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10, P. 1 - 18
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Climate change threatens marine ecosystems with known effects on life, including changes in metabolic rates, survival, and community structure. Based a structured literature review, we developed conceptual “pathways of effects” model that summarizes how three stressors associated climate (warming, acidification, storms) affect functional species groups the West Coast Vancouver Island, Canada. We identified 155 distinct pathways from through 12 categories biological ranging biochemistry individual organisms to composition. Most were affected by several via many pathways, although studies generally considered only small fraction relevant pathways. These depended interest geographical location, highlighting importance local research. exert complex, sometimes contradictory vary across ecological scales. For example, some adversely laboratory appeared beneficial community-scale field studies. Pathways models are helpful tools summarize scientific Compiling them standardized databases would allow researchers practitioners search regions better support ecosystem-based management environmental impact assessment.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 920 - 920
Published: March 6, 2024
In the face of global ocean warming, monitoring essential climate variables from space is necessary for understanding regional trends in dynamics and their subsequent impacts on ecosystem health. Analysis Ready Data (ARD), being preprocessed satellite-derived products such as Sea Surface Temperature (SST), allow easy synoptic analysis temperature conditions given consideration biases within a dynamic range. This especially true SST retrieval thermally complex coastal zones. this study, we assessed accuracy 30 m resolution Landsat ARD to measure nearshore SST, derived 8 TIRS, 7 ETM+, 5 TM thermal bands over 37-year period (1984–2021). We used situ lighthouse buoy matchup data provided by Fisheries Oceans Canada (DFO). Excellent agreement (R2 0.94) was found between spring/summer at farshore site (>10 km coast), with mean bias (root square error) 0.12 °C (0.95 °C) general pattern underestimation −0.28 (0.96 overestimation 0.65 (0.98 °C). Spring/summer matchups revealed best −0.57 (1.75 90–180 coast temperatures 25 °C. Overall, image sampling distance recommended manuscript seeks capture close possible margin—and critical habitats interest—while minimizing pixel mixing adjacent land emissivity SST.
Language: Английский
Citations
7
Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11
Published: Sept. 17, 2024
The Salish Sea, a dynamic system of straits, fjords, and channels in southwestern British Columbia, is home to ecologically culturally important bull kelp ( Nereocystis luetkeana ) forests. Yet the long-term fluctuations area persistence this pivotal coastal marine habitat are unknown. Using very high-resolution satellite imagery map forests over two decades, we present spatial changes forest within before (2002 2013) after (2014 2022) ‘Blob,’ an anomalously warm period Northeast Pacific. This analysis was spatially constrained by local environmental conditions. Based on nearshore sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from four decades (1984–2022), found periods distinct increases SST, one starting 2000 another 2014. Further, highest SST anomalies occurred warmer coastlines enclosed inlets Strait Georgia, while smaller were colder near Juan de Fuca Discovery Passage. total 2014 2022 has decreased compared 2002 2013, particularly northern sector Sea. satellite-derived data, also with historical distribution depicted Admiralty Nautical Charts 1858 1956. shows that warm, sheltered areas experienced considerable decrease beds when modern kelp, confirming century-scale loss. In particular, presence Georgia warmest coasts considerably century, likely due warming temperatures. While coldest south have maintained their centennial persistence, Sea requires further research understand its current dynamics. contributes wider understanding temporal factors for regional perspective
Language: Английский
Citations
5
Journal of Phycology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Jan. 23, 2025
Abstract Kelp forests are among the most abundant and productive marine ecosystems but under threat from climate change other anthropogenic stressors. Although knowledge is growing about how abundance distribution of kelp changing, much less known “non‐lethal” effects that global having on performance health populations in areas where they persist. Here we assessed age two common stipitate species, Laminaria setchelli Pterygophora californica , at Wizard Islet Barkley Sound, British Columbia, Canada, compared these data to historical demographic collected by De Wreede (1984) Klinger DeWreede (1988) same site between 1981 1983. We observed L. 2020 were younger evenly aged than sampled nearly four decades prior, while P. population was composed older individuals average time point. drivers changes remain unclear, Sound has experienced substantial physical biological environment over past decade could be responsible for patterns. Given size an individual its probability reproduction increases with age, shifting demographics may impact reproductive output each population, potentially altering competitive relationships co‐occurring species. Changes also influence ecosystem‐level processes such as habitat complexity or productivity.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12
Published: March 13, 2025
Canopy-forming kelp forests act as foundation species that provide a wide range of ecosystem services along temperate coastlines. With climate change, these ecosystems are experiencing changing environmental and biotic conditions; however, the distribution drivers change in British Columbia remain largely unexplored. This research aimed to use satellite imagery data investigate spatiotemporal persistence resilience dynamic subregion cool ocean temperatures high abundance Broughton Archipelago, Columbia. The specific objectives were identify: 1) long-term (1984 2023) short-term (2016 responses changes; 2) spatial patterns persistence. time series was divided into three periods: 1984 1998, 1999 2014, 2014 2023. first transition between periods represented shift cooler regional sea-surface negative Pacific Decadal Oscillation 1999. second warmer (with more marine heatwaves El Niño conditions) after 2014. In 2023), which covered site with Macrocystis pyrifera beds, area increased slightly start period For focused on eight sites Nereocystis luetkeana most either did not significantly or expanded area. suggests areas remained persistent across despite showing interannual variability. Thus, Archipelago may be refuge for kelps, likely due water below both species’ upper thermal limits. Spatially, bed level, center but subregion, had than , suggesting life history and/or other factors impacting beds differently. These findings demonstrate informing management forest by First Nations local communities.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)
Published: April 3, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12
Published: April 4, 2025
Coastal foundation species such as kelps, corals, and seagrasses play vital roles in supporting marine biodiversity ecosystem services globally, but are increasingly threatened by climate change. In particular, kelp forests highly dynamic ecosystems experiencing natural fluctuations across seasons cycles, e.g., El Niño Southern Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation. As change increases variability these cycles extreme events heatwaves become more frequent, long term data essential to understand deviations from the norm better estimate trends of This study uses a century-long dataset examine forest responses regional drivers Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, combining remote sensing 1973-2021 with snapshot distribution derived historical records 1867-1945. We reveal complex patterns change, losses resilience varying at different spatial scales. Kelp that had likely persisted for over century exhibited an overall declining trend 5 ± 2% per decade starting 1970s. Throughout time series area was driven multi-year impacts Nino sea surface temperature anomalies heatwaves, 1998 2014-2016 heatwave known ‘Blob’. warmest areas, completely disappeared during 1977 Oscillation shift. Cooler areas showed greater resilience, buffering loss region wide scale, highlighting importance local gradients understanding vulnerable Lastly, situ surveys lack urchin barrens, presence turf algae region, further hypothesis temperature, not herbivory, drove this region.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: May 16, 2024
Abstract Kelp forests are one of the earth’s most productive ecosystems and at greatest risk from climate change, yet little is known regarding their future threats current conservation status. By combining a global remote sensing dataset floating kelp with data projections, we find that exposure to projected marine heatwaves will increase ∼8 times compared contemporary (2001-2020) for intermediate scenarios. While intensify all forests, refugia emerge some southern hemisphere which have lower heatwaves. Under these escalating threats, less than 3% currently within highly restrictive protected areas, effective measure providing resilience. Our findings emphasize urgent need protection set bolder adaptation goals.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
ANU Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 13
Published: June 18, 2024
Citations
0