Mpox (formerly monkeypox): pathogenesis, prevention and treatment

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Dec. 27, 2023

In 2022, a global outbreak of Mpox (formerly monkeypox) occurred in various countries across Europe and America rapidly spread to more than 100 regions. The World Health Organization declared the be public health emergency international concern due rapid virus. Consequently, nations intensified their efforts explore treatment strategies aimed at combating infection its dissemination. Nevertheless, available therapeutic options for virus remain limited. So far, only few numbers antiviral compounds have been approved by regulatory authorities. Given high mutability virus, certain mutant strains shown resistance existing pharmaceutical interventions. This highlights urgent need develop novel drugs that can combat both drug potential threat bioterrorism. Currently, there is lack comprehensive literature on pathophysiology Mpox. To address this issue, we conducted review covering physiological pathological processes infection, summarizing latest progress anti-Mpox drugs. Our analysis encompasses currently employed clinical settings, as well newly identified small-molecule antibody displaying efficacy against Furthermore, gained valuable insights from process development, including repurposing drugs, discovery targets driven artificial intelligence, preclinical development. purpose provide readers with overview current knowledge

Language: Английский

---

Unveiling the Global Surge of Mpox (Monkeypox): A comprehensive review of current evidence

The Microbe, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4, P. 100141 - 100141

Published: Aug. 17, 2024

Monkeypox, now named mpox, has emerged as a significant public threat, evidenced by the 2022 outbreak affecting over seventy countries globally. This infectious disease presents debilitating symptoms, including painful skin rashes, mucosal lesions, enlarged lymph nodes, and fever. The situation intensifies with concerns about novel transmission route, specifically through sexual contact, evolution of more transmissible strains. Complicating matters further is documented spillback mpox from humans to animals, raising potential for new animal reservoirs. study utilized systematic approach gather, analyse, interpret data regarding global outbreaks, phylogenomics, human APOBEC3 enzyme activity, antiviral resistance issues, application One Health intervention. Emphasizing covers various aspects, zoonotic origins, pathogenesis, changing epidemiological landscapes, phylogenomic diversity, clade dynamics. review underscores crucial role collaboration in understanding combatting making it valuable resource shaping effective prevention control measures on scale.

Language: Английский

---

Transmission dynamics, complications and mitigation strategies of the current mpox outbreak: A comprehensive review with bibliometric study

Reviews in Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(3)

Published: May 1, 2024

Abstract As the mankind counters ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), it simultaneously witnesses emergence of mpox virus (MPXV) that signals at global spread and could potentially lead to another pandemic. Although MPXV has existed for more than 50 years now with most human cases being reported from endemic West Central African regions, disease is recently in non‐endemic regions too affect countries. Controlling important due its potential danger a spread, causing morbidity mortality. The article highlights transmission dynamics, zoonosis potential, complication mitigation strategies infection, concludes suggested ‘one health’ approach better management, control prevention. Bibliometric analyses data extend understanding provide leads on research trends, need revamp critical healthcare interventions. Globally published mpox‐related literature does not align well areas/regions occurrence which should ideally have been scenario. Such demographic geographic gaps between location work epicentres be bridged greater effective translation outputs pubic systems, suggested.

Language: Английский

---

Complete Genome Sequence Analysis of the First Imported Mpox Virus Clade Ib Variant in China

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 102 - 102

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Mpox, a zoonotic disease caused by the mpox virus (MPXV), has seen significant shift in its epidemiological status since 2022, evolving from an initial local outbreak to global epidemic. This recent of MPXV mainly emerged several European and American countries subsequently spread over 100 regions worldwide. The rapid evolution MPXV, coupled with increased international interactions, led gradual rise cases certain Asia, mostly involving clade II branch strains. In contrast, more pathogenic clinically severe Ib been relatively rare, no reports China date. Here, we analyzed whole gene sequence imported variant first infection case detected China. Through genome sequencing, successfully obtained full-length 195,405 base pairs (bp). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that genetic this was predominantly clustered sequences previously reported multiple African countries. Compared reference strain DQ011155.1, there are 127 nucleotide alterations 57 amino acid mutations case. Given started appear China, must pay attention prevention control measures for mpox.

Language: Английский

---

Interdisciplinary Approach to Monkeypox Prevention: Integrating Nanobiosensors, Nanovaccines, Artificial Intelligence, Visual Arts, and Social Sciences

Small Structures, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

To effectively address crisis emergence of new virus such as monkeypox, a collective and collaborative effort between scientists, engineers, innovators, artists from all ages, regions, diverse fields is required. This review explores holistic approach to addressing the monkeypox by integrating nanobiosensors, artificial intelligence, visual arts, humanities, social sciences. Traditional diagnostic methods are often limited time, accessibility, accuracy, but advancement point‐of‐care smart nanobiosensors offers promising shift toward rapid, precise, accessible diagnostics. They enhance ability screen, diagnose, monitor infections efficiently, contributing better disease management. Beyond technological innovation, essential role sciences in fostering public engagement, understanding, acceptance tools emphasized. Visual arts can illustrate scientific concepts, making them more relatable, while storytelling through various media reduce stigma promote preventive measures. Social provide insights into cultural attitudes, behaviors, health challenges, ensuring that solutions integrated communities. By combining these disciplines, this presents comprehensive framework for resilient global system aligns with One Health principles, emphasizing interconnectedness human, animal, environmental health.

Language: Английский

---

Antivirals against Monkeypox (Mpox) in Humans: An Updated Narrative Review

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 1969 - 1969

Published: Sept. 26, 2023

As of 29 August 2023, a total 89,596 confirmed cases Mpox (monkeypox) have been documented across 114 countries worldwide, with 157 reported fatalities. The outbreak that transpired in 2022 predominantly affected young men who sex (MSM). While most exhibited mild clinical course, individuals compromised immune systems, particularly those living HIV infection and possessing CD4 count below 200 cells/mm3, experienced more severe trajectory marked by heightened morbidity mortality. approach to managing is primarily symptomatic supportive. However, instances characterized or complicated manifestations, the utilization antiviral medications becomes necessary. Despite tecovirimat’s lack official approval FDA for treating humans, wealth positive experiences exists, pending outcomes ongoing trials. Brincidofovir cidofovir also administered select due unavailability tecovirimat. Within scope this narrative review, our objective was delve into attributes explore observational studies shed light on these agents.

Language: Английский

---

Update of the Genetic Variability of Monkeypox Virus Clade IIb Lineage B.1

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 1874 - 1874

Published: Sept. 11, 2024

From 1 January 2022 to 31 May 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported 97,745 laboratory-confirmed Mpox cases, including 203 deaths, across 116 countries. Despite a 2.3% decrease in new cases 2024 compared April significant regional variations persist. The African Region highest proportion of while other regions experienced mixed trends. Phylogenomic analyses virus Clade IIb lineage B.1 reveal stable genetic variability with minimal diversification. Bayesian Skyline Plot indicates generally viral population size modest peak late 2023, followed by decline. In general, data indicate that MPXV outbreak is primarily localized within few consistent geographic clusters. virus's evolution relatively slow, as indicated its variability, and does not currently show signs rapid changes or growth. current low level diversity should lead complacency. Ongoing genomic surveillance essential for effective management understanding. This monitoring crucial identifying any shifts behavior transmission, allowing prompt public health responses adjustments. addition, continued vigilance necessary detect variants might influence outbreak's trajectory.

Language: Английский

---

Comprehensive Insights into Monkeypox (mpox): Recent Advances in Epidemiology, Diagnostic Approaches and Therapeutic Strategies

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 1 - 1

Published: Dec. 26, 2024

Monkeypox (mpox) is a viral infection closely related to smallpox, manifesting as milder febrile rash in affected individuals. Over the past two decades, incidence of mpox has surged, possibly linked declining immunity against smallpox vaccine worldwide. Recent outbreaks multiple countries have sparked concerns regarding altered transmission patterns and potential for global menace. In this article, we present multidimensional review encompassing latest scientific discoveries, illuminating intricate structure human virus. Key findings include advancements understanding virus's molecular mechanisms, which highlight its genetic adaptability zoonotic spillover. Diagnostic innovations, such improved assays, enhanced detection accuracy, while novel therapeutic strategies, including antiviral drugs vaccines, show promise mitigating outbreaks. Our conclusions emphasize importance robust surveillance systems, vaccination programs, rapid response strategies curb mpox's spread. Future recommendations strengthening collaboration disease surveillance, advancing research on host-pathogen interactions, developing next-generation therapeutics address emerging public health threat effectively.

Language: Английский

---

Overview of reemerging mpox infection with a focus on neurological manifestations

Reviews in Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(2)

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Mpox, a reemerging zoonotic disease caused by the mpox virus, has garnered increasing attention due to its potential for severe clinical manifestations. While cutaneous and systemic presentations of have been well‐documented, neurological complications recently emerged as an area concern. This review provides brief overview aspects infection, highlighting key findings challenges in understanding managing these complications. Neurological manifestations patients range from mild symptoms such headaches dizziness more conditions, including encephalitis seizures. The pathogenesis involvement is not yet fully elucidated but thought involve viral dissemination central nervous system. may occur through haematogenous or neuronal routes, contributing diverse spectrum observed. Early recognition diagnosis are crucial implementing appropriate therapeutic interventions improving patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

---

Mpox disease, diagnosis, and point of care platforms

Bioengineering & Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(3)

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Human Mpox disease (MPX) is an endemic zoonotic that develops when patients are infected with the virus (MPXV). MPXV shares a high level of genetic similarity to other poxviruses and clinical presentation MPX similar poxvirus infections which can result in delay diagnosis. In addition, phylogenetically divided into two different clades affects severity disease. recent years, there has been unusual worldwide spread MPXV, leading global public health problem. The most important step fight against rapid, highly specific, accurate Following rapid efforts develop diagnostic tests have gained momentum. Here, MPX, epidemiology, discussed. Furthermore, biochemical tests, molecular their development, point-of-care (PoC) applications reviewed. Molecular technologies such as polymerase chain reaction, recombinase amplification, loop-mediated isothermal amplification methods detect evaluated. Additionally, next-generation combined techniques importance PoC transition explored.

Language: Английский

---