Exosomes in Precision Oncology and Beyond: From Bench to Bedside in Diagnostics and Therapeutics

Cancers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 940 - 940

Published: March 10, 2025

Exosomes have emerged as pivotal players in precision oncology, offering innovative solutions to longstanding challenges such metastasis, therapeutic resistance, and immune evasion. These nanoscale extracellular vesicles facilitate intercellular communication by transferring bioactive molecules that mirror the biological state of their parent cells, positioning them transformative tools for cancer diagnostics therapeutics. Recent advancements exosome engineering, artificial intelligence (AI)-driven analytics, isolation technologies are breaking barriers scalability, reproducibility, clinical application. Bioengineered exosomes being leveraged CRISPR-Cas9 delivery, while AI models enhancing biomarker discovery liquid biopsy accuracy. Despite these advancements, key obstacles heterogeneity populations lack standardized protocols persist. This review synthesizes pioneering research on biology, molecular translation, emphasizing dual roles both mediators tumor progression intervention. It also explores emerging areas, including microbiome–exosome interactions integration machine learning exosome-based medicine. By bridging innovation with translational strategies, this work charts a forward-looking path integrating into next-generation care, setting it apart comprehensive guide overcoming technological hurdles rapidly evolving field.

Language: Английский

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Zooplankton biomass as a promising new agent for biomedical applications

Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 103560 - 103560

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Genetic Orchestra of Cancer: The Interplay Between Oncogenes and Tumor-Suppressor Genes

Cancers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(7), P. 1082 - 1082

Published: March 24, 2025

Cancer is complex because of the critical imbalance in genetic regulation as characterized by both overexpression oncogenes (OGs), mainly through mutations, amplifications, and translocations, inactivation tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs), which entail preservation genomic integrity inducing apoptosis to counter malignant growth. Reviewing intricate molecular interplay between OGs TSGs draws attention their cell cycle, apoptosis, cancer metabolism regulation. In present review, we discuss seminal discoveries, such Knudson's two-hit hypothesis, framed field's understanding genetics, leading next breakthroughs with next-generation sequencing epigenetic profiling, revealing novel insights into OG TSG dysregulation opportunities for targeted therapy. The key pathways, MAPK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin, are presented context tumor progression. Importantly, further highlighted advances therapeutic strategies, including inhibitors KRAS MYC restoration function, despite mechanisms resistance heterogeneity pose daunting challenges. A high-level interactions OG-TSGs forms basis effective, personalized treatment-something strive better clinical outcomes. This synthesis should integrate foundational biology translation and, this case, contribute ongoing effort against cancer.

Language: Английский

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Nano-carrier-based Delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 for Oncolytic Gene Therapy: Insights from Xenograft Models

Journal of Lab Animal Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4(2), P. 12 - 21

Published: April 29, 2025

The CRISPR-Cas9 system has revolutionized genome editing, offering unprecedented precision and efficiency in gene modification. Its potential cancer therapy, particularly oncolytic garnered significant attention, especially with the development of advanced delivery platforms. However, effective safe vivo CRISPR components remains a major barrier to clinical translation. This review provides comprehensive overview viral non-viral nanocarrier systems for delivery, particular focus on their application xenograft models cancer. present study aimed bridge gap between molecular innovation therapeutic by evaluating safety preclinical oncology models. mechanisms classifications vectors, including adeno-associated viruses (AAV), lentivirus, adenovirus, were emphasized, highlighting strengths transfer efficiency, while addressing concerns over immunogenicity, integration, scalability. Subsequently, nanocarriers, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), polymeric systems, dendrimers, metallic nanoparticles, have emerged as safer more customizable alternatives. Key considerations, stability, endosomal escape, payload capacity, tumor targeting, are evaluated, supported findings from recent xenograft-based studies. A direct comparison was presented, emphasizing differences transfection biosafety, immunological responses, gene-editing relevance CRISPR-based strategies examined, along integration other therapies. Additionally, emerging challenges immune evasion, heterogeneity, barriers evaluated. In addition, regulatory ethical dimensions surrounding editing therapy addressed, long-term concerns, germline global disparities oversight. discussion concluded an examination future perspectives, strategic improvements technologies validation pipelines. Xenograft proposed means accelerate

Language: Английский

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Nanoengineered Innovations on DNA Delivery Systems for Targeted Cancer Therapy

Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 107131 - 107131

Published: June 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Advancing the potential of nanoparticles for cancer detection and precision therapeutics

Medical Oncology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 42(7)

Published: June 4, 2025

Language: Английский

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