The safety of Covid-19 mRNA vaccines: a review

Patient Safety in Surgery, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: May 1, 2021

Abstract The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected more than 100 million people globally within the first year of pandemic. With a death toll surpassing 500,000 in United States alone, containing pandemic is predicated on achieving herd immunity global scale. This implies that at least 70-80 % population must achieve active against severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), either as result previous COVID-19 infection or by vaccination SARS-CoV-2. In December 2020, two vaccines were approved FDA through emergency use authorization States. These are based mRNA vaccine platform and developed Pfizer/BioNTech Moderna. Published safety efficacy trials reported high rates 94-95 after interval doses, conjunction with limited side effects low rate adverse reactions. rapid pace development uncertainty potential long-term raised some level hesitation community. A successful campaign contingent widespread access to under appropriate storage conditions, deployment sufficient number vaccinators, willingness be vaccinated. Thus, it important clarify objective data related safety, including known present review was designed provide an update current state science SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

Language: Английский

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Innate immune evasion strategies of SARS-CoV-2

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 11, 2023

Language: Английский

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Pandemics Throughout the History

Cureus, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 20, 2021

As we move amidst the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, have witnessed tremendous distress, death, and turmoil of everyday life for more than one year now. However, they are not modern phenomena; deadly pandemics happened throughout recorded history. Pandemics such as plague, Spanish Flu, HIV, Ebola caused deaths, destruction political regimes, well financial psychosocial burdens. sometimes resulted in scientific discoveries. Understanding mechanism emergence these is crucial to control any spreading pandemic prevent a potential new one. Public health agencies need work on improving countries’ preparedness future pandemics. The review article aims shed light some deadliest history, information critical importance clinicians researchers.

Language: Английский

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Peptides as Therapeutic Agents: Challenges and Opportunities in the Green Transition Era

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(20), P. 7165 - 7165

Published: Oct. 19, 2023

Peptides are at the cutting edge of contemporary research for new potent, selective, and safe therapeutical agents. Their rise has reshaped pharmaceutical landscape, providing solutions to challenges that traditional small molecules often cannot address. A wide variety natural modified peptides have been obtained studied, many others advancing in clinical trials, covering multiple therapeutic areas. As demand peptide-based therapies grows, so does need sustainable environmentally friendly synthesis methods. Traditional peptide synthesis, while effective, involves draining processes, generating significant waste consuming vast resources. The integration green chemistry offers alternatives, prioritizing eco-friendly reduction, energy conservation. This review delves into transformative potential applying principles by discussing relevant examples application such approaches production active ingredients (APIs) with a structure how these efforts critical an effective transition era field.

Language: Английский

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Zoonotic Animal Influenza Virus and Potential Mixing Vessel Hosts

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 980 - 980

Published: April 16, 2023

Influenza viruses belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae with a negative-sense, single-stranded segmented RNA genome. They infect wide range of animals, including humans. From 1918 2009, there were four influenza pandemics, which caused millions casualties. Frequent spillover animal humans or without intermediate hosts poses serious zoonotic and pandemic threat. The current SARS-CoV-2 overshadowed high risk raised by viruses, but highlighted role wildlife as reservoir for viruses. In this review, we summarize occurrence virus in describe potential mixing vessel While several possess (e.g., avian swine viruses), others are low negligible equine, canine, bat bovine viruses). Transmission can occur directly from particularly poultry swine, through reassortant “mixing vessel” hosts. To date, less than 3000 confirmed human infections avian-origin 7000 subclinical documented. Likewise, only few hundreds cases have been reported. Pigs historic host generation due expression both avian-type human-type receptors. Nevertheless, number carry types receptors act host. High vigilance is warranted prevent next

Language: Английский

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Outlook of pandemic preparedness in a post-COVID-19 world

npj Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Nov. 20, 2023

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic was met with rapid, unprecedented global collaboration and action. Even still, the public health, societal, economic impact may be felt for years to come. risk of another occurring in next few decades is ever-present potentially increasing due trends such as urbanization climate change. While it difficult predict pathogen threat, making reasonable assumptions today evaluating prior efforts plan respond disease outbreaks pandemics enable a more proactive, effective response future. Lessons from influenza preparedness underscore importance strengthening surveillance systems, investing early-stage research on pathogens development platform technologies, diversifying plans across range tactics earlier access safe interventions pandemic. Further, sustaining robust vaccine manufacturing capacity built because will keep ready rapid These actions not successful without improved coordination collaboration. Everyone, including biopharmaceutical industry, has role play preparedness, working together ensure that most lives are saved

Language: Английский

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Climate change and infectious disease: a review of evidence and research trends

Infectious Diseases of Poverty, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: May 16, 2023

Abstract Background Climate change presents an imminent threat to almost all biological systems across the globe. In recent years there have been a series of studies showing how changes in climate can impact infectious disease transmission. Many these publications focus on simulations based silico data, shadowing empirical research field and laboratory data. A synthesis work is still lacking. Methods We conducted systemic review from 2015 2020 period diseases identify major trends current gaps research. Literature was sourced Web Science PubMed literary repositories using key word search, reviewed delineated inclusion criteria by team reviewers. Results Our revealed that both taxonomic geographic biases are present research, specifically with regard types transmission localities studied. Empirical investigations vector-borne associated mosquitoes comprised majority literature. Furthermore, demographic institutions individuals published bias towards temperate, high-income countries. also identified funding sources for most resent literature discrepancy gender identities publishing authors which may reflect inequities scientific field. Conclusions Future lines should considered direct (non-vector-borne) more effort tropics. Inclusion local low- middle-income countries generally neglected. Research has failed be socially inclusive, geographically balanced, broad terms studied, limiting our capacities better understand actual effects health. Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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The global economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic

Economic Modelling, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 129, P. 106551 - 106551

Published: Oct. 14, 2023

The COVID-19 global pandemic has caused significant economic and social disruption. We use data on cases deaths, public health policy responses to the pandemic, illustrate alternative past potential future trajectories of pandemic. Shocks labor sectoral productivity, consumption, government expenditure, country sector risk premia are used within a multisectoral intertemporal general equilibrium model: G-Cubed, assess impacts under those scenarios. vital role in managing restoring confidence among agents. coordination amidst is also highlighted. compare GDP projections scenarios with actual outcomes 2020 2021. Despite uncertainties regarding we demonstrate that lie projected for

Language: Английский

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Review on the Evaluation and Development of Artificial Intelligence for COVID-19 Containment

Sensors, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 527 - 527

Published: Jan. 3, 2023

Artificial intelligence has significantly enhanced the research paradigm and spectrum with a substantiated promise of continuous applicability in real world domain. intelligence, driving force current technological revolution, been used many frontiers, including education, security, gaming, finance, robotics, autonomous systems, entertainment, most importantly healthcare sector. With rise COVID-19 pandemic, several prediction detection methods using artificial have employed to understand, forecast, handle, curtail ensuing threats. In this study, recent related publications, methodologies medical reports were investigated purpose studying intelligence's role pandemic. This study presents comprehensive review specific attention machine learning, deep image processing, object detection, segmentation, few-shot learning studies that utilized tasks COVID-19. particular, genetic analysis, clinical data sound biomedical classification, socio-demographic anomaly health monitoring, personal protective equipment (PPE) observation, social control, patients' mortality risk approaches forecast threatening factors demonstrates artificial-intelligence-based algorithms integrated into Internet Things wearable devices quite effective efficient forecasting insights which actionable through wide usage. The results produced by prove is promising arena can be applied for disease prognosis, forecasting, drug discovery, development sector on global scale. We indeed played important helping fight against COVID-19, insightful knowledge provided here could extremely beneficial practitioners experts domain implement systems curbing next pandemic or disaster.

Language: Английский

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Current trends, limitations and future research in the fungi?

Fungal Diversity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 125(1), P. 1 - 71

Published: March 20, 2024

Abstract The field of mycology has grown from an underappreciated subset botany, to a valuable, modern scientific discipline. As this study grown, there have been significant contributions science, technology, and industry, highlighting the value fungi in era. This paper looks at current research, along with existing limitations, suggests future areas where scientists can focus their efforts, mycology. We show how become important emerging diseases medical discuss trends potential drug novel compound discovery. explore phylogenomics, its potential, outcomes address question phylogenomics be applied fungal ecology. In addition, functional genomics studies are discussed importance unravelling intricate mechanisms underlying behaviour, interactions, adaptations, paving way for comprehensive understanding biology. look research building materials, they used as carbon sinks, biocircular economies. numbers always great interest often written about estimates varied greatly. Thus, we needs order obtain more reliable estimates. aspects machine learning (AI) it mycological research. Plant pathogens affecting food production systems on global scale, such, needed area, particularly disease detection. latest data High Throughput Sequencing if still gaining new knowledge same rate before. A review nanotechnology is provided addressed. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi addressed acknowledged. Fungal databases becoming important, therefore provide major databases. Edible medicinal huge medicines, especially Asia prospects discussed. Lifestyle changes (e.g., endophytes, pathogens, and/or saprobes) also extremely trend special issue Diversity.

Language: Английский

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