Bacterial persisters: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic development

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: July 17, 2024

Abstract Persisters refer to genetically drug susceptible quiescent (non-growing or slow growing) bacteria that survive in stress environments such as antibiotic exposure, acidic and starvation conditions. These cells can regrow after removal remain the same stress. are underlying problems of treating chronic persistent infections relapse treatment, resistance development, biofilm infections, pose significant challenges for effective treatments. Understanding characteristics exact mechanisms persister formation, especially key molecules affect formation survival persisters is critical more treatment infections. Currently, genes related being discovered confirmed, but by which form very complex, there still many unanswered questions. This article comprehensively summarizes historical background bacterial persisters, details their complex relationship with tolerant resistant bacteria, systematically elucidates interplay between various biological processes cells, well consolidates diverse anti-persister compounds We hope provide theoretical in-depth research on suggest new ideas choosing strategies

Language: Английский

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Medical Device-Associated Infections Caused by Biofilm-Forming Microbial Pathogens and Controlling Strategies

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 623 - 623

Published: July 4, 2024

Hospital-acquired infections, also known as nosocomial include bloodstream surgical site skin and soft tissue respiratory tract urinary infections. According to reports, Gram-positive Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria account for up 70% of infections in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Biofilm production is a main virulence mechanism distinguishing feature bacterial pathogens. Most pathogens develop biofilms at the solid-liquid air-liquid interfaces. An essential requirement biofilm presence conditioning film. A film provides first surface on which can adhere fosters growth by creating favorable environment. The improves microbial adherence delivering chemical signals or generating microenvironments. Microorganisms use this coating nutrient source. gathers both inorganic organic substances from its surroundings, these are generated microbes These nutrients boost initial adhering facilitate formation acting food Coatings with combined antibacterial efficacy antifouling properties provide further benefits preventing dead cells debris surfaces. In present review, we address numerous that form surfaces biomedical devices. addition, explore several efficient smart antiadhesive coatings device-relevant materials manage caused biofilm-forming

Language: Английский

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Cancer drug-tolerant persister cells: from biological questions to clinical opportunities

Nature reviews. Cancer, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(10), P. 694 - 717

Published: Sept. 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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Unleashing the power of polymeric nanoparticles — Creative triumph against antibiotic resistance: A review

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 278, P. 134977 - 134977

Published: Aug. 24, 2024

Antibiotic resistance (ABR) poses a universal concern owing to the widespread use of antibiotics in various sectors. Nanotechnology emerges as promising solution combat ABR, offering targeted drug delivery, enhanced bioavailability, reduced toxicity, and stability. This comprehensive review explores concepts antibiotic resistance, its mechanisms, multifaceted approaches ABR. The provides an in-depth exploration polymeric nanoparticles advanced delivery systems, focusing on strategies for targeting microbial infections contributing fight against Nanoparticles revolutionize antimicrobial approaches, emphasizing passive active targeting. role molecules, including small peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, stimuli-responsive is being explored recent research works. complex comprehension mechanisms ABR strategic nanotechnology present avenue advancing tactics, ensuring treatment efficacy, minimizing toxic effects, mitigating development Polymeric nanoparticles, derived from natural or synthetic polymers, are crucial overcoming Natural polymers like chitosan alginate exhibit inherent antibacterial properties, while such polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polycaprolactone (PCL) can be engineered specific effects. study valuable source information researchers, healthcare professionals, policymakers engaged urgent quest overcome

Language: Английский

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Medical Device-Associated Healthcare Infections: Sterilization and the Potential of Novel Biological Approaches to Ensure Patient Safety

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(1), P. 201 - 201

Published: Dec. 22, 2023

Healthcare-associated infections caused by multi-drug-resistant pathogens are increasing globally, and current antimicrobial options have limited efficacy against these robust species. The WHO details the critically important bacterial fungal species that often associated with medical device HAIs. effective sterilization of devices plays a key role in preventing infectious disease morbidity mortality. A lack adherence to protocol limitations each modality, however, allows for incidence disease. Furthermore, issues relating carcinogenic emissions from ethylene oxide gas (EtO) motivated EPA propose limiting EtO use or seeking alternative methods devices. Food Drug Administration supports healthcare products using low-temperature VH2O2 as an EtO. With advances biomaterial combination products, modalities becoming limited. Novel approaches disinfection devices, biomaterials, therapeutics warranted safeguard public health. Bacteriophages, endolysins, peptides considered promising prophylactic meta-phylactic control diseases. This timely review discusses application biologics agents pathogens, including ESKAPE

Language: Английский

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Bacterial Persister Cells and Development of Antibiotic Resistance in Chronic Infections: An Update

British Journal of Biomedical Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 81

Published: Aug. 7, 2024

The global issue of antimicrobial resistance poses significant challenges to public health. World Health Organization (WHO) has highlighted it as a major health threat, causing an estimated 700,000 deaths worldwide. Understanding the multifaceted nature antibiotic is crucial for developing effective strategies. Several physiological and biochemical mechanisms are involved in development resistance. Bacterial cells may escape bactericidal actions drugs by entering physiologically dormant state known bacterial persistence. Recent findings this field suggest that persistence can be one main sources chronic infections. tolerance developed persister could tolerate high levels antibiotics give rise offspring. These offspring attributed mechanisms, especially This review attempts shed light on persister-induced current therapeutic

Language: Английский

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Metabolic dormancy in Chlamydia trachomatis treated with different antibiotics

Infection and Immunity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 92(2)

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

ABSTRACT Diseases caused by Chlamydia spp. are often associated with persistent infections. Chlamydial persistence is commonly a unique non-infectious intracellular developmental form, termed an aberrant form. Although infectious chlamydiae can be cultured consistently in cells stressed to aberrancy, their role not clear. Recovery from antibiotic stress was explored as model determine how survival of non-aberrant chlamydiae, the presence fully inhibitory drug concentrations, may participate persistence. Assays included incubation quinolones, tetracyclines, or chloramphenicol for differing lengths time, followed extended recovery period antibiotic-free media. Culturable elementary bodies were detected during treatment each antibiotic, but viable and culturable trachomatis emerged after removed. Time-lapse imaging live, antibiotic-treated infected identified metabolically dormant forms within that form typical productive inclusions. The effects increasing concentration most tested antibiotics led predictable activity, which rate decreased concentration. In contrast, fluoroquinolone-treated cells, there paradoxical increase development directly correlated inversely production. This system uncovers chlamydial pathway does involve association between latency metabolic dormancy consistent models many bacterial species lead different interpretation mechanisms patients. IMPORTANCE life history pathogens genus Chlamydi relies on lengthy host. generally accepted involves unusual stage, arises conditions mimic stressful host environment. this work, we provide alternate face stress. relevant failures patients C. .

Language: Английский

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Bacterial dormancy: strategies and molecular mechanisms for a sleeping beauty system

Reviews in Medical Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 11, 2025

Bacterial dormancy is a state of decreased metabolic activity that allows bacteria to survive in harsh environments. reversible shutdown; it nonreplicating cell which enable them under unfavorable conditions. Dormancy facilitated by molecular mechanisms involve signaling pathways, translational and transcriptional regulation, shifts. Persisted cells, are highly tolerant antibiotics, formed during dormancy, posing significant challenge the treatment bacterial infections. Understanding crucial for developing strategies control persistence advance antibiotic discovery. Sporulation purest form microbial dormancy. Spores resistant stresses such as extreme heat, chemicals, radiation, can survive. Dormant blood not growing but dormant microbiome significantly take part large diverse chronic inflammatory diseases. This review discusses importance, mechanisms, entering state, explores physiological changes occur Additionally, sheds light on methods identification investigation may help overcoming drug resistance

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of the antimicrobial activities and mechanisms of synthetic antimicrobial peptide against food-borne pathogens

Food Bioscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 49, P. 101903 - 101903

Published: July 13, 2022

Language: Английский

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New Strategies to Kill Metabolically-Dormant Cells Directly Bypassing the Need for Active Cellular Processes

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 1044 - 1044

Published: June 12, 2023

Antibiotic therapy failure is often caused by the presence of persister cells, which are metabolically-dormant bacteria capable surviving exposure to antimicrobials. Under favorable conditions, persisters can resume growth leading recurrent infections. Moreover, several studies have indicated that may promote evolution antimicrobial resistance and facilitate selection specific resistant mutants; therefore, in light increasing numbers multidrug-resistant infections worldwide, developing efficient strategies against dormant cells paramount importance. In this review, we present discuss efficacy various agents whose activity independent metabolic status as they target cell envelope structures. Since biofilm-environment for formation subpopulations, anti-persister should also include destroy biofilm matrix or inhibit development. This article reviews examples selected wall hydrolases, polysaccharide depolymerases peptides. Their combination with standard antibiotics seems be most promising approach combating persistent

Language: Английский

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