Hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
is
the
world's
third
most
prevalent
cause
of
cancer-related
mortality.
HCC
frequently
occurs
in
patients
with
chronic
liver
diseases,
and
it
triggered
by
a
vicious
cycle
damage,
inflammation,
regeneration.
Current
research
showcases
that
bacterial
microbiome
has
an
indispensable
part
fostering
development
associated
disorders.
This
chapter
will
explore
mechanisms
which
gut
microbiota
triggers
progression
hepatocarcinogenesis
disorders,
particular
emphasis
on
obesity,
alcoholic
disease,
metabolic-associated
fatty
cirrhosis,
HCC.
The
pertinent
mechanisms,
encompassing
bile
acids,
Toll-like
receptors,
mycotoxicosis,
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors,
facilitating
such
maladies
are
covered
as
well.
Furthermore,
several
prospective
highlights
for
diagnosis
treatment
interventions
presented,
may
be
used
future
clinical
settings
combating
Based
preclinical
accomplishments,
we
highlight
gut-microbiota-liver
axis
intriguing
target
concurrent
prevention
disease
induction.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
8(1)
Published: Dec. 6, 2023
Gut-liver-brain
axis
is
a
three-way
highway
of
information
interaction
system
among
the
gastrointestinal
tract,
liver,
and
nervous
systems.
In
past
few
decades,
breakthrough
progress
has
been
made
in
gut
liver
brain
axis,
mainly
through
understanding
its
formation
mechanism
increasing
treatment
strategies.
this
review,
we
discuss
various
complex
networks
including
barrier
permeability,
hormones,
microbial
metabolites,
vagus
nerve,
neurotransmitters,
immunity,
toxic
β-amyloid
(Aβ)
metabolism,
epigenetic
regulation
gut-liver-brain
axis.
Some
therapies
containing
antibiotics,
probiotics,
prebiotics,
synbiotics,
fecal
microbiota
transplantation
(FMT),
polyphenols,
low
FODMAP
diet
nanotechnology
application
regulate
Besides,
some
special
treatments
targeting
gut-liver
include
farnesoid
X
receptor
(FXR)
agonists,
takeda
G
protein-coupled
5
(TGR5)
glucagon-like
peptide-1
(GLP-1)
antagonists
fibroblast
growth
factor
19
(FGF19)
analogs.
Targeting
gut-brain
embraces
cognitive
behavioral
therapy
(CBT),
antidepressants
tryptophan
metabolism-related
therapies.
liver-brain
contains
Aβ
future,
better
interactions
will
promote
development
novel
preventative
strategies
discovery
precise
therapeutic
targets
multiple
diseases.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
20(4), P. 3640 - 3640
Published: Feb. 18, 2023
The
overall
burden
of
cancer
is
rapidly
increasing
worldwide,
reflecting
not
only
population
growth
and
aging,
but
also
the
prevalence
spread
risk
factors.
Gastrointestinal
(GI)
cancers,
including
stomach,
liver,
esophageal,
pancreatic,
colorectal
represent
more
than
a
quarter
all
cancers.
While
smoking
alcohol
use
are
factors
most
commonly
associated
with
development,
growing
consensus
includes
dietary
habits
as
relevant
for
GI
Current
evidence
suggests
that
socioeconomic
development
results
in
several
lifestyle
modifications,
shifts
from
local
traditional
diets
to
less-healthy
Western
diets.
Moreover,
recent
data
indicate
increased
production
consumption
processed
foods
underlies
current
pandemics
obesity
related
metabolic
disorders,
which
directly
or
indirectly
emergence
various
chronic
noncommunicable
conditions
However,
environmental
changes
restricted
patterns,
unhealthy
behavioral
features
should
be
analyzed
holistic
view
lifestyle.
In
this
review,
we
discussed
epidemiological
aspects,
gut
dysbiosis,
cellular
molecular
characteristics
cancers
explored
impact
behaviors,
diet,
physical
activity
on
developing
context
progressive
societal
changes.
Life,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(10), P. 2023 - 2023
Published: Oct. 8, 2023
The
human
gut
microbiota
(GM)
is
a
complex
microbial
ecosystem
that
colonises
the
gastrointestinal
tract
(GIT)
and
comprised
of
bacteria,
viruses,
fungi,
protozoa.
GM
has
symbiotic
relationship
with
its
host
fundamental
for
body
homeostasis.
not
limited
to
scope
GIT,
but
there
are
bidirectional
interactions
between
other
organs,
highlighting
concept
"gut-organ
axis".
Any
deviation
from
normal
composition
GM,
termed
"microbial
dysbiosis",
implicated
in
pathogenesis
various
diseases.
Only
few
studies
have
demonstrated
modifications
disease
phenotypes,
it
still
unknown
whether
an
altered
contributes
or
simply
reflects
status.
Restoration
probiotics
prebiotics
been
postulated,
evidence
effects
limited.
Prebiotics
substrates
"selectively
utilized
by
microorganisms,
conferring
health
benefit".
This
study
highlights
vital
organs
demonstrates
dysbiosis
emergence
certain
representative
Finally,
this
article
focuses
on
potential
as
target
therapy
manipulate
presents
gaps
literature
research.
Biomedicines,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(4), P. 1166 - 1166
Published: April 13, 2023
The
pathogenesis
of
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
is
a
multifactorial
process
that
has
not
yet
been
fully
investigated.
Autophagy
and
apoptosis
are
two
important
cellular
pathways
critical
for
cell
survival
or
death.
balance
between
autophagy
regulates
liver
turnover
maintains
intracellular
homeostasis.
However,
the
often
dysregulated
in
many
cancers,
including
HCC.
may
be
either
independent
parallel
one
influence
other.
inhibit
promote
apoptosis,
thus
regulating
fate
cancer
cells.
In
this
review,
concise
overview
HCC
presented,
with
emphasis
on
new
developments,
role
endoplasmic
reticulum
stress,
implication
microRNAs
gut
microbiota.
characteristics
associated
specific
disease
also
described
brief
description
provided.
initiation,
progress
metastatic
potential
reviewed
experimental
evidence
indicating
an
interplay
extensively
analyzed.
ferroptosis,
recently
pathway
regulated
death,
presented.
Finally,
therapeutic
implications
drug
resistance
examined.
Biomedicines,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(7), P. 1398 - 1398
Published: June 24, 2024
The
functions
of
the
gut
are
closely
related
to
those
many
other
organs
in
human
body.
Indeed,
microbiota
(GM)
metabolize
several
nutrients
and
compounds
that,
once
released
bloodstream,
can
reach
distant
organs,
thus
influencing
metabolic
inflammatory
tone
host.
main
microbiota-derived
metabolites
responsible
for
modulation
endocrine
responses
short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs),
bile
glucagon-like
peptide
1
(GLP-1).
These
molecules
(i)
regulate
pancreatic
hormones
(insulin
glucagon),
(ii)
increase
glycogen
synthesis
liver,
(iii)
boost
energy
expenditure,
especially
skeletal
muscles
brown
adipose
tissue.
In
words,
they
critical
maintaining
glucose
lipid
homeostasis.
GM
dysbiosis,
imbalance
microbiota-related
products
affect
proper
functions,
including
gut–liver–pancreas
axis
(GLPA).
addition,
dysbiosis
contribute
onset
some
diseases
such
as
non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis
(NASH)/non-alcoholic
liver
disease
(NAFLD),
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC),
type
2
diabetes
(T2D).
this
review,
we
explored
roles
their
involvement
progression
these
diseases.
detailed
microbiota-modulating
strategies
that
could
improve
diseases’
development
by
restoring
healthy
balance
GLPA.
Clinical and Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(7)
Published: June 27, 2024
Abstract
Hepatitis
B
virus
(HBV)
infection
playsa
significant
role
in
the
etiology
and
progression
of
liver‐relatedpathologies,
encompassing
chronic
hepatitis,
fibrosis,
cirrhosis,
eventual
hepatocellularcarcinoma
(HCC).
Notably,
HBV
stands
as
primary
etiologicalfactor
driving
development
HCC.
Given
contribution
ofHBV
to
liver
diseases,
a
comprehensive
understanding
immunedynamics
microenvironment,
spanning
infection,fibrosis,
HCC,
is
essential.
In
this
review,
we
focused
on
thefunctional
alterations
CD8
+
T
cells
within
pathogenic
livermicroenvironment
from
We
thoroughly
reviewed
roles
ofhypoxia,
acidic
pH,
metabolic
reprogramming,
amino
acid
deficiency,
inhibitory
checkpointmolecules,
immunosuppressive
cytokines,
gut‐liver
communication
shapingthe
dysfunction
microenvironment.
Thesefactors
significantly
impact
clinical
prognosis.
Furthermore,
comprehensivelyreviewed
cell‐based
therapy
strategies
for
diseases,encompassing
infection,
Strategies
includeimmune
checkpoint
blockades,
T‐cell
targeting
therapy,
therapeuticT‐cell
vaccination,
adoptive
transfer
genetically
engineered
cells,
along
with
combined
usage
programmed
cell
death
protein‐1/programmeddeath
ligand‐1
(PD‐1/PD‐L1)
inhibitors
mitochondria‐targeted
antioxidants.Given
that
at
various
stages
hepatitis
Bvirus‐induced
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HBV
HCC)
shows
promise,
reviewedthe
ongoing
need
research
elucidate
complex
interplay
between
microenvironment
toHCC.
also
discussed
personalized
treatment
regimens,
combining
therapeuticstrategies
harnessing
gut
microbiota
modulation,
which
holds
potential
forenhanced
benefits.
conclusion,
review
delves
into
changes,
during
HCC
progression,
andrelated
diseases.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(14), P. 2372 - 2372
Published: July 22, 2024
Hepatobiliary
malignancies,
which
include
hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
and
cholangiocarcinoma
(CCA),
are
the
sixth
most
common
cancers
third
leading
cause
of
cancer-related
death
worldwide.
Hepatic
carcinogenesis
is
highly
stimulated
by
chronic
inflammation,
defined
as
fibrosis
deposition,
an
aberrant
imbalance
between
liver
necrosis
nodular
regeneration.
In
this
context,
gut-liver
axis
gut
microbiota
have
demonstrated
a
critical
role
in
pathogenesis
HCC,
dysbiosis
altered
intestinal
permeability
promote
bacterial
translocation,
to
inflammation
tumorigenesis
through
several
pathways.
A
few
data
exist
on
or
bacteria
resident
biliary
tract
CCA,
some
microbial
metabolites,
such
choline
bile
acids,
seem
show
association.
review,
we
analyze
impact
its
metabolites
HCC
CCA
development
biomarker
hepatobiliary
cancer
risk
response
during
anti-tumor
therapy.
We
also
discuss
future
application
management.
Biomedicines,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(10), P. 2623 - 2623
Published: Sept. 24, 2023
Hepatocellular
Carcinoma
(HCC)
is
a
pressing
health
concern,
demanding
deep
understanding
of
various
mediators’
roles
in
its
development
for
therapeutic
progress.
Notably,
interleukin-6
(IL-6)
has
taken
center
stage
investigations
due
to
intricate
and
context-dependent
functions.
This
review
delves
into
the
dual
nature
IL-6
HCC,
exploring
seemingly
contradictory
as
both
promoter
an
inhibitor
disease
progression.
We
dissect
pro-tumorigenic
effects
IL-6,
including
impact
on
tumor
growth,
angiogenesis,
metastasis.
Concurrently,
we
examine
anti-tumorigenic
attributes,
such
role
immune
response
activation,
cellular
senescence
induction,
surveillance.
Through
comprehensive
exploration
interactions
between
microenvironment,
this
highlights
need
nuanced
comprehension
signaling
HCC.
It
underscores
importance
tailored
strategies
that
consider
dynamic
stages
diverse
surroundings
within
microenvironment.
Future
research
directions
aimed
at
unraveling
multifaceted
mechanisms
HCC
hold
promise
developing
more
effective
treatment
improving
patient
outcomes.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(13), P. 7191 - 7191
Published: June 29, 2024
Hepatocellular
carcinoma
(HCC)
is
the
most
frequent
among
primary
liver
tumors
(90%)
and
one
of
main
causes
cancer-related
death.
It
develops
usually
in
a
chronically
inflamed
environment,
ranging
from
compensatory
parenchymal
regeneration
to
fibrosis
cirrhosis:
carcinogenesis
can
potentially
happen
each
these
stages.
Inflammation
determined
by
chronic
viral
infection
(hepatitis
B,
hepatitis
C,
delta
viruses)
represents
an
important
risk
factor
for
HCC
etiology
through
both
direct
damage
immune-related
mechanisms.
The
deregulation
physiological
immunological
network
lead
carcinogenesis.
recent
introduction
immunotherapy
as
gold-standard
first-line
treatment
highlights
role
immune
system
inflammation
double-edged
weapon
treatment.
In
this
review
we
highlight
how
key
hepatocarcinogenesis
viral,
alcohol
metabolic
diseases.
