Emerging roles of liquid-liquid phase separation in liver innate immunity DOI Creative Commons
Xinying Zhang, Ziyue Yang,

Chunmeng Fu

et al.

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Sept. 3, 2024

Biomolecular condensates formed by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) have become an extensive mechanism of macromolecular metabolism and biochemical reactions in cells. Large molecules like proteins nucleic acids will spontaneously aggregate assemble into droplet-like structures driven LLPS when the physical chemical properties cells are altered. provides a mature molecular platform for innate immune response, which tightly regulates key signaling liver response spatially physically, including DNA RNA sensing pathways, inflammasome activation, autophagy. Take this, plays promoting or protecting role range diseases, such as viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty disease, fibrosis, hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, autoimmune cancer. This review systematically describes whole landscape immunity. It help us to guide better-personalized approach LLPS-targeted immunotherapy diseases.

Language: Английский

Structural insights into antibody-based immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma DOI Creative Commons
Masaud Shah,

Muhammad Hussain,

Hyun Goo Woo

et al.

Genomics & Informatics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common types primary liver cancer and remains a leading cause cancer-related deaths worldwide. While traditional approaches like surgical resection tyrosine kinase inhibitors struggle against tumor’s immune evasion, monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based immunotherapies have emerged as promising alternatives. Several therapeutic antibodies that counter immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials, to FDA approvals for advanced HCC treatment. A crucial aspect advancing these therapies lies understanding structural interactions between their targets. Recent findings indicate mAbs bispecific (bsAbs) can target different, non-overlapping epitopes on checkpoints such PD-1 CTLA-4. This review delves into epitope-paratope structurally unresolved bsAbs, discusses potential combination based epitopes. By leveraging this unique feature, could enhance activation, reduce resistance, improve overall efficacy, marking new direction antibody-based immunotherapy HCC.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Pathophysiology of liver cirrhosis and risk correlation between immune status and the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma DOI Open Access
Manaf Alsudaney, Walid S. Ayoub, Kambiz Kosari

et al.

Hepatoma Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Chronic liver disease (CLD) and cirrhosis are leading contributors to global morbidity mortality, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) frequently arising in patients advanced damage. This review explores the interplay between immune dysfunction progression of HCC, emphasizing pivotal role status HCC pathogenesis. inflammation, cirrhosis-associated syndrome (CAIDS), immunosenescence create a permissive environment for tumorigenesis by impairing surveillance promoting hepatocyte stress. Key mechanisms include T cell exhaustion, dysregulated cytokine signaling, gut-liver axis dysfunction, which collectively drive malignant transformation. Emerging biomarkers, such as PD-1/PD-L1, LAG-3, TIGIT, soluble CD14/CD163, offer promise refining risk stratification improving early detection. Integrating these biomarkers into existing protocols could enhance screening efficacy, particularly high-risk populations elderly immunocompromised. Current guidelines recommend biannual ultrasound alpha-fetoprotein testing cirrhotic patients, but adherence remains suboptimal, late diagnoses common. A personalized approach combining clinical factors, markers, patient demographics may improve outcomes. Future research should focus on validating large cohorts, exploring novel therapeutic targets like LAG-3 developing tools quantify stratification. By addressing dysregulation critical factor development, this highlights potential improved detection better outcomes through immune-based strategies.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Current Advancements in Serum Protein Biomarkers for Hepatitis B Virus‐Associated Hepatocyte Remodeling and Hepatocellular Carcinoma DOI Creative Commons
Adane Adugna, Gashaw Azanaw Amare, Mohammed Jemal

et al.

Immunity Inflammation and Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related liver cancer is the third most common cause of cancer‐related death globally. Hepatocyte remodeling, also known as hepatocyte transformation and immortalization, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), are brought on by persistent inflammation caused HBV in host hepatocytes. One main concerns perspective HBV‐induced remodeling accurately identifying stages to maximize early screening detection. Biological signatures have a significant impact solving this problem. Objective This review article aimed discuss novel serum protein biomarkers for HCC. Methods The information was collected from various peer‐reviewed journals through electronic searches utilizing search engines, including PubMed, Google Scholar, HINARI, Cochrane Library 2017 2024. Keywords included “serum HBV‐HCC,” “blood‐based “viral HBV‐HCC.” Results Recently, been discovered diagnosis, treatment, prognosis hepatic cell HCC proteomic data sets. We discussed recent literature clinical utility diagnosis forecasting HBV‐associated HCC, golgi 73 (GP73), glypican‐3 (GPC3), midkine (MDK), des‐γ‐carboxy‐prothrombin (DCP), von Willebrand factor (vWF), pentraxin 3 (PTX3), pseudouridine synthases 7 (PUSs 7), squamous antigen (SCCA), osteopontin (OPN). Conclusion All these markers exhibit survival HBV‐related patients, proliferation, migration, antiapoptosis, mitogenesis, transformation, angiogenesis HBV‐infected

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Correlation between inflammatory cytokines and the likelihood of developing multiple types of digestive system cancers: A Mendelian randomization study DOI Creative Commons
S. Chen, Bin Zhang, Song Wang

et al.

Cytokine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 183, P. 156735 - 156735

Published: Aug. 22, 2024

Inflammatory cytokines have been linked to digestive system cancers, yet their exact causal connection remains uncertain. Consequently, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis gauge how inflammatory are the risk of five prevalent cancers (DSCs).

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Camrelizumab Combined with Apatinib for Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Two Case Reports DOI
Ning Chen, Lei Zhang,

Ai-Mei Gao

et al.

British Journal of Hospital Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 85(8), P. 1 - 8

Published: Aug. 7, 2024

Portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) is a common complication of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC typically infiltrates intrahepatic vessels, particularly the portal vein, leading to formation PVTT, marking advanced-stage and correlating with poor prognosis. PVTT often complicates local treatment strategies such as surgical resection affects efficacy interventions. Combination therapy, including immunotherapy targeted shows promise in treatment, but management options for patients are incompletely characterized. This study aims investigate safety camrelizumab + apatinib treating PVTT.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Emerging roles of liquid-liquid phase separation in liver innate immunity DOI Creative Commons
Xinying Zhang, Ziyue Yang,

Chunmeng Fu

et al.

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Sept. 3, 2024

Biomolecular condensates formed by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) have become an extensive mechanism of macromolecular metabolism and biochemical reactions in cells. Large molecules like proteins nucleic acids will spontaneously aggregate assemble into droplet-like structures driven LLPS when the physical chemical properties cells are altered. provides a mature molecular platform for innate immune response, which tightly regulates key signaling liver response spatially physically, including DNA RNA sensing pathways, inflammasome activation, autophagy. Take this, plays promoting or protecting role range diseases, such as viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty disease, fibrosis, hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, autoimmune cancer. This review systematically describes whole landscape immunity. It help us to guide better-personalized approach LLPS-targeted immunotherapy diseases.

Language: Английский

Citations

0