Changing epidemiology of COVID-19: potential future impact on vaccines and vaccination strategies

Expert Review of Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 510 - 522

Published: April 24, 2024

COVID-19 was an unprecedented challenge worldwide; however, disease epidemiology has evolved, and no longer constitutes a public health emergency of international concern. Nonetheless, remains global threat uncertainties remain, including definition the end pandemic transition to endemicity, understanding true rates SARS-CoV-2 infection/transmission.

Language: Английский

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A broad neutralizing nanobody against SARS-CoV-2 engineered from an approved drug

Cell Death and Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(6)

Published: June 28, 2024

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 infection is initiated by Spike glycoprotein binding to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor via its domain. Blocking this interaction has been proven be an effective approach inhibit virus infection. Here we report discovery of a neutralizing nanobody named VHH60, which was directly produced from engineering library based on commercialized within very short period. VHH60 competes with ACE2 bind domain protein at S 351 , 470-471 and 493-494 as determined structural analysis, affinity 2.56 nM. It inhibits infections both ancestral strain pseudotyped viruses harboring wildtype, key mutations or variants nanomolar level. Furthermore, suppressed propagation 50-fold better protected mice death for twice long control group after nasal in vivo. Therefore, not only powerful promising profile disease but also provides evidence highly rapid generating therapeutic nanobodies.

Language: Английский

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Genomic Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Dominance of XBB Replacement — China, January–June 2023

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(15), P. 324 - 331

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Introduction In the first half of 2023, a global shift was observed towards predominance XBB variants. China faced significant epidemic between late 2022 and early 2023 due to Omicron subvariants BA.5.2 BF.7. This study aims depict evolving variant distribution among provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) in explore factors driving replacement. Methods Sequences from local imported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases recorded January 1 June 30, were included. The analyzed changing viral variants assessed how prior dominance specific variants, subvariants, influenced prevalence replacement variant. Results A total 56,486 sequences obtained cases, 8,669 cases. Starting April, there with varying PLADs. PLADs previously high BF.7, rise delayed. positive correlation found proportions March April. pattern differed within same PLAD. No differences noted rates subvariants. Conclusions timing various correlating closely

Language: Английский

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Advances in Virus Biorecognition and Detection Techniques for the Surveillance and Prevention of Infectious Diseases

Biosensors, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 198 - 198

Published: March 20, 2025

Viral infectious diseases pose a serious threat to global public health due their high transmissibility, rapid mutation rates, and limited treatment options. Recent outbreaks of such as plague, monkeypox, avian influenza, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have underscored the urgent need for efficient diagnostic surveillance technologies. Focusing on viral that seriously threaten human health, this review summarizes analyzes detection techniques from perspective combining prevention advice, discusses applications in improving sensitivity specificity. One major innovations is systematic integration advanced biorecognition technologies, bionanosensors, test strips, microfluidic platforms, along with exploration artificial intelligence virus detection. These technologies address limitations traditional methods enable real-time monitoring early warning outbreaks. By analyzing application these pathogens, new insights are provided development next-generation tools emerging re-emerging threats. In addition, we analyze current progress developed vaccines, vaccine research provide ideas future control development, call attention

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 biological clones are genetically heterogeneous and include clade-discordant residues

Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 24, 2025

ABSTRACT Defective genomes are part of SARS-CoV-2 quasispecies. High-resolution, ultra-deep sequencing bulk RNA from viral populations does not distinguish mutations, insertions, and deletions in viable those defective genomes. To quantify infectious variant progeny, virus four individual plaques (biological clones) a preparation isolate USA-WA1/2020, formed on Vero E6 cell monolayers, was subjected to further biological cloning yield 9 second-generation 15 third-generation sub-clones. Consensus genomic sequences the clones sub-clones included an average 2.8 variations per genome, relative consensus sequence parental USA-WA1/2020 virus. This value is 6.5-fold lower than estimates for other viruses such as bacteriophage Qβ, foot-and-mouth disease virus, or hepatitis C culture. The mutant spectrum complexity nsp12 (polymerase)- spike (S)-coding region unique progeny each 10 sub-clones; they shared 2.4% total 164 different mutations scored 3,719 residues that were screened. presence minority out-of-frame revealed ease genome production genome. Several low-frequency point clade-discordant typical but served define future clades. Implications adaptability COVID-19 control heterogeneity generation complex spectra discussed. IMPORTANCE Sequencing means identify located distinction particularly important populations, SARS-CoV-2, contain large proportions By sub-clones, we quantified complement be exhibited by viruses. difference may due reduced mutation rate limited tolerance coronavirus incorporate remain functional combination both influences. suggests limitations occupation space SARS-CoV-2. However, rapidly generated suggest aptness confront selective constraints.

Language: Английский

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Identification of an IGHV3-53-Encoded RBD-Targeting Cross-Neutralizing Antibody from an Early COVID-19 Convalescent

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 272 - 272

Published: March 23, 2024

Since November 2021, Omicron has emerged as the dominant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant, and its sublineages continue to appear one after another, significantly reducing effectiveness of existing therapeutic neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). It is urgent develop effective NAbs against circulating variants. Here, we isolated receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific single memory B cells via flow cytometry from a COVID-19 convalescent. The antibody variable region genes heavy chain (VHs) light (VLs) were amplified cloned into expression vectors. After expression, ELISA screening activity detection, obtained an IGHV3-53-encoded RBD-targeting cross-neutralizing D6, whose VL originated IGKV1-9*01 germlines. D6 could potently neutralize variants (BA.1, BA.2, BA.4/5 BF.7), with IC50 values less than 0.04 μg/mL, ability XBB was reduced but still effective. KD RBD prototype BA.1 both 1.0 × 10−12 M. protein structure D6-RBD model indicates that interacts external subdomain belongs RBD-1 community. sufficient contact deep interaction HCDR3 LCDR3 may be crucial reason for activity. sorting analysis mAb will provide important information development anti-COVID-19 reagents.

Language: Английский

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The Effective Inhibitory Concentration of Interferon-β Correlates with Infectivity and Replication Fitness of SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(7), P. 325 - 333

Published: April 1, 2024

India saw a spike in COVID-19 cases early 2023, and this wave of infection was attributed to XBB sublineages SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. The impact significantly shorter with low burden severe or hospitalization as compared previous variants concern. Although combination old new mutations the region XBB.1.16 variant led drastic reduction ability antibodies from prior immunity neutralize virus, additional nonspike suggested possible change its suppress innate immune responses. In study, we tested sensitivity Delta, BA.2.75, interferon-β (IFN-β) treatment found that most sensitive IFN-β. We next serum healthy individuals XBB.1.16. showed hybrid maintained but significant level neutralizing Therefore, our observations indicated both because natural enhanced IFNs may have contributed infections India.

Language: Английский

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Current Progress in Genomic and Genetic Research on Human Viral Diseases

Frontiers research topics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

it is a pioneering approach to the world of academia, radically improving way scholarly research managed.The grand vision Frontiers where all people have an equal opportunity seek, share and generate knowledge.Frontiers provides immediate permanent online open access its publications, but this alone not enough realize our goals. journal seriesThe series multi-tier interdisciplinary set openaccess, journals, promising paradigm shift from current review, selection dissemination processes in academic publishing.All journals are driven by researchers for researchers; therefore, they constitute service community.At same time, operates on revolutionary invention, tiered publishing system, initially addressing specific communities scholars, gradually climbing up broader public understanding, thus serving interests lay society, too. Dedication qualityEach article landmark highest quality, thanks genuinely collaborative interactions between authors review editors, who include some world's best academicians.Research must be certified peers before entering stream knowledge that may eventually reach -and shape society; only applies most rigorous unbiased reviews.Frontiers revolutionizes freely delivering outstanding research, evaluated with no bias both social point view.By applying advanced information technologies, catapulting into new generation.

Language: Английский

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Virological and Mitochondriopathogical Characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB.1.16 Spike

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(23), P. 29716 - 29727

Published: May 30, 2024

The emergence of XBB.1.16 has gained rapid global prominence. Previous studies have elucidated that the infection SARS-CoV-2 induces alterations in mitochondrial integrity host cells, subsequently influencing cellular response to infection. In this study, we compared differences infectivity and pathogenicity between parental Omicron sublineages BA.1 BA.2 assessed their impact on mitochondria. Our findings suggest that, comparison with BA.2, exhibits more efficient spike protein cleavage, mediating syncytia formation, mild mitochondriopathy, less pathogenicity. Altogether, our investigations based mutation key sites, exhibited enhanced but lower This will help us further investigate biological functions sites.

Language: Английский

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Editor response for version 1

Published: Nov. 18, 2024

The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, which is a cause concern, has various mutations in its spike protein. This protein responsible for both viral infection and immunity. We have analyzed particular sub-lineage Omicron, designated XBB, undergone structural functional changes as response to the African selection pressures. Using molecular modeling, we compared S structures XBB discovered that reduced receptor-binding domain (RBD) because loss some β-sheets. change may result an increased affinity towards human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor. also conducted recombination analysis sequences using Fast Unconstrained Bayesian Approximation (FUBAR) Recombination Detection Program 4 (RDP 4). Our detected signals positive N-terminal (NTD) S1 subunit, contains antibody-binding epitopes, RBD, involved entry. findings reveal adaptation Africa potential implications pathogenesis

Language: Английский

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