Nanoparticles of Natural Product-derived Medicines: Beyond the Pandemic

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. e42739 - e42739

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

This review explores the synergistic potential of natural products and nanotechnology for viral infections, highlighting key antiviral, immunomodulatory, antioxidant properties to combat pandemics caused by highly infectious viruses. These often result in severe public health crises, particularly affecting vulnerable populations due respiratory complications increased mortality rates. A cytokine storm is initiated when an overload pro-inflammatory cytokines chemokines released, leading a systemic inflammatory response. Viral mutations limited availability effective drugs, vaccines, therapies contribute continuous transmission virus. The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has sparked renewed interest product-derived antivirals. efficacy traditional medicines against infections examined. Their anti-inflammatory, are highlighted. discusses how enhances herbal combating infections.

Language: Английский

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Post COVID-19 vaccination binding and neutralizing antibody with or without previous infection: An 18-month longitudinal study in Indonesia

Narra J, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(2), P. e1071 - e1071

Published: Aug. 31, 2024

Due to the persisting development of SARS-CoV-2 variants, studies on kinetics, duration, and function antibodies are essential for vaccine long-term immunity prediction. This longitudinal study examined post-vaccination antibody responses in people after receiving CoronaVac or ChAdOx1 vaccines with without a history infection. Conducted Indonesia between August 2021 May 2023, this involved 121 participants divided into two groups based received types monitored 18 months post-second dose vaccination by assessing binding (BAb) level neutralizing (NAb) inhibition rate at six time points. The also documented participants’ age, gender, body mass index (BMI). Before first vaccination, 85 (70.25%) were reactive BAb (defined ≥50 AU/mL) indicating In group, only 53.1% BAb. However, 100% positive NAb ≥30%), which indicates past infection low initial rapidly decreasing levels. 81,9% reactive, while 54.2% NAb, suggesting recent high but relatively rate. During levels fluctuated. NAb. No significant difference response was among history. Also, no impact presented factors sex, BMI. findings highlight crucial public health how strategies could be optimized effectively during post-pandemic.

Language: Английский

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The Ambivalence of Post COVID-19 Vaccination Responses in Humans

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 1320 - 1320

Published: Oct. 17, 2024

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has prompted a massive global vaccination campaign, leading to the rapid development and deployment of several vaccines. Various COVID-19 vaccines are under different phases clinical trials include whole virus or its parts like DNA, mRNA, protein subunits administered directly through vectors. Beginning in 2020, few mRNA (Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 Moderna mRNA-1273) adenovirus-based (AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S Janssen Ad26.COV2.S) were recommended WHO for emergency use before completion phase 3 4 trials. These mostly two three doses at defined frequency between doses. While these vaccines, mainly based on viral nucleic acids conferred protection against progression SARS-CoV-2 infection into COVID-19, prevented death due disease, their also been accompanied plethora side effects. Common effects localized reactions such as pain injection site, well systemic fever, fatigue, headache. symptoms generally mild moderate resolve within days. However, rare but more serious have reported, including allergic anaphylaxis and, some cases, myocarditis pericarditis, particularly younger males. Ongoing surveillance research efforts continue refine understanding adverse effects, providing critical insights risk-benefit profile Nonetheless, overall safety supports continued combating with regulatory agencies health organizations emphasizing importance preventing COVID-19's outcomes. In this review, we describe types summarize various autoimmune inflammatory response(s) manifesting predominantly cardiac, hematological, neurological, psychological dysfunctions. incidence, presentation, risk factors, diagnosis, management possible mechanisms contributing discussed. review highlights potential ambivalence human response post-COVID-19 necessitates need mitigate

Language: Английский

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Bid Protein: A Participant in the Apoptotic Network with Roles in Viral Infections

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 2385 - 2385

Published: March 7, 2025

The BH3-interacting domain death agonist (Bid), a proapoptotic signaling molecule of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family, is key regulator mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) permeability. Uniquely positioned at intersection extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways, Bid links receptor to mitochondria-dependent cascade can also be activated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In its active forms, cleaved (cBid) truncated (tBid), it disrupts MOM integrity via Bax/Bak-dependent independent mechanisms. Apoptosis plays dual role in viral infections, either promoting or counteracting propagation. Consequently, viruses modulate favor their replication. deregulation activity contributes oncogenic transformation, inflammation, immunosuppression, neurotoxicity, pathogen propagation during various infections. this work, we explore Bid’s structure, function, activation processes, targeting. We describe induction involvement infections with multiple viruses. Additionally, discuss therapeutic potential antiviral strategies. Understanding pathways offers valuable insights into host–virus interactions pathogenesis This knowledge may facilitate development novel approaches combat virus-associated diseases effectively.

Language: Английский

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Deciphering the IgG Idiotype Network Through Proteomic Analysis of Potential Targets in SARS‐CoV‐2‐Induced Immune Responses

Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 12, 2025

ABSTRACT The association between COVID‐19 and autoimmune diseases has gained increasing recognition, yet the specific targets of SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced IgG are currently in focus for several studies. This study aims to explore proteomic these antibodies their potential role autoimmunity. We utilised a human proteome microarray encompassing 23 736 unique proteins, including isoform variants fragments, as catalogued by Human Protein Atlas. Serum samples were analysed from four groups: healthy controls (N‐exp HC), individuals vaccinated with protein‐based vaccines (N‐Cov Vac) patients moderate or severe (COVID‐Mod COVID‐Sev). evaluation revealed recognise multiple proteins. Key included interferon alpha (IFN‐α), tumour growth factor beta (TGF‐β), interleukin 1 (IL‐1), CXCL16, TGF‐β receptors, CD34, CD47 BCL2. also targeted proteins genes overexpressed various immune cells, such CD4+ CD8+ T γδ B dendritic cells NK cells. Reactivity was observed specifically expressed organs, brain, liver, lungs heart. Targeting patterns differed controls, some showing differential recognition versus cases. Furthermore, we evaluated protein–protein interaction network (PPIN) all minimal structural homology co‐expression among almost no relation SARS‐CoV‐2 system reactome. results suggest that profile autoantibodies is associated disease severity. In contrast, protein‐vaccinated exhibited similar non‐exposed suggesting autoreactive linked active infection. These findings reveal complex idiotypes capable targeting not merely through simple cross‐recognition homologous highlights need further investigations determine whether they may influence pathophysiology its clinical outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Electron Tomography as a Tool to Study SARS-CoV-2 Morphology

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(21), P. 11762 - 11762

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel betacoronavirus, is the causative agent of COVID-19, which has caused economic and social disruption worldwide. To date, many drugs vaccines have been developed for treatment prevention COVID-19 effectively controlled global epidemic SARS-CoV-2. However, SARS-CoV-2 highly mutable, leading to emergence new variants that may counteract current therapeutic measures. Electron microscopy (EM) valuable technique obtaining ultrastructural information about intracellular process virus replication. In particular, EM allows us visualize morphological subcellular changes during virion formation, would provide promising avenue development antiviral agents effective against variants. this review, we present our recent findings using transmission electron (TEM) combined with tomography (ET) reveal morphologically distinct types particles, demonstrating TEM ET are tools visually understanding maturation status in infected cells. This review also discusses application analysis evaluation genetically engineered RNA viruses.

Language: Английский

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