The serum small non‐coding RNA (SncRNA) landscape as a molecular biomarker of age associated muscle dysregulation and insulin resistance in older adults

The FASEB Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38(3)

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

Abstract Small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) are implicated in age‐associated pathologies, including sarcopenia and insulin resistance (IR). As potential circulating biomarkers, most studies have focussed on microRNAs (miRNAs), one class of sncRNA. This study characterized the wider sncRNA transcriptome older individuals associations with IR. expression miRNAs, transfer (tRNAs), tRNA‐associated fragments (tRFs), piwi‐interacting (piRNAs) was measured serum from 21 healthy sarcopenic Hertfordshire Sarcopenia Study extension women matched for age (mean 78.9 years) HOMA2‐IR. Associations age, HOMA2‐IR were examined predicted gene targets biological pathways characterized. Of total among controls, piRNAs abundant (85.3%), followed by tRNAs (4.1%), miRNAs (2.7%), tRFs (0.5%). Age associated (FDR < 0.05) 2 58 tRNAs, 14 tRFs, chromatin organization, WNT signaling, response to stress enriched targets. nominally ( p .05) 12 3 6 piRNAs, target genes linked cell proliferation differentiation such as Notch Receptor 1 NOTCH1 ), DISC1 scaffold protein GLI family zinc finger‐2 GLI2 ). (p<0.05) 9 tRF, 19 lysine degradation, circadian rhythm, fatty acid biosynthesis pathways. These findings identify changes human chronological sarcopenia, may clinical utility biomarkers ageing pathologies provide novel therapeutic intervention.

Language: Английский

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Reactivation of retrotransposable elements is associated with environmental stress and ageing

Nature Reviews Genetics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 2, 2025

Language: Английский

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Chromatin and epigenetics in aging biology

Genetics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 9, 2025

Abstract This book chapter will focus on modifications to chromatin itself, how are regulated, and these deciphered by the cell impact aging. In this chapter, we review change with age, examine chromatin-modifying enzymes have been shown regulate aging healthspan, discuss some of epigenetic changes triggered they can lifespan individual its naïve descendants, speculate future directions for field.

Language: Английский

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Dog Aging: A Comprehensive Review of Molecular, Cellular, and Physiological Processes

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(24), P. 2101 - 2101

Published: Dec. 18, 2024

The aging process is a multifactorial biological phenomenon starting at birth and persisting throughout life, characterized by decline in physiological functions adaptability. This results the diminished capacity of organisms to respond environmental changes stressors, leading reduced efficiency metabolic, immune, hormonal functions. As behavioral flexibility wanes, older individuals face longer recovery times increased vulnerability diseases. While early research proposed nine core hallmarks mammalian aging, recent studies have expanded this framework twelve key characteristics: epigenetic changes, genomic instability, telomere shortening, loss proteostasis, altered metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, disrupted intercellular communication, stem cell depletion, immune system accumulation toxic metabolites, dysbiosis. Given growing interest area, we propose add new hallmark: impaired water homeostasis. potential hallmark could play critical role processes might open directions for future field. review enhances our understanding aspects dogs, suggesting clinical intervention strategies prevent control issues that may arise from pathological degeneration these hallmarks.

Language: Английский

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How Chromatin Motor Complexes Influence the Nuclear Architecture: A Review of Chromatin Organization, Cohesins, and Condensins with a Focus on C. elegans

DNA, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. 84 - 103

Published: March 11, 2024

Chromatin is the complex of DNA and associated proteins found in nuclei living organisms. How it organized a major research field as has implications for replication, repair, gene expression. This review summarizes current state chromatin organization field, with special focus on motor complexes cohesin condensin. Containing highly conserved SMC proteins, these are responsible organizing during cell division. Additionally, demonstrated that condensin also have important functions interphase to shape regulate expression genes. Using model organism C. elegans, authors knowledge how perform such diverse roles what open questions still exist field.

Language: Английский

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Kismet/CHD7/CHD8 and Amyloid Precursor Protein-like Regulate Synaptic Levels of Rab11 at the Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(15), P. 8429 - 8429

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

The transmembrane protein β-amyloid precursor (APP) is central to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). hypothesis posits that aberrant processing APP forms neurotoxic aggregates, which lead cognitive impairments observed in AD. Although numerous additional factors contribute AD, there a need better understand synaptic function APP. We have found Drosophila APP-like (APPL) has both shared and non-shared roles at synapse with Kismet (Kis), chromatin helicase binding domain (CHD) protein. Kis homolog CHD7 CHD8, are implicated neurodevelopmental disorders including CHARGE Syndrome autism spectrum disorders, respectively. Loss mutations kis animals expressing human BACE their nervous system show reductions glutamate receptor subunit, GluRIIC, GTPase Rab11, bone morphogenetic (BMP), pMad, larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Similarly, processes like endocytosis, locomotion, neurotransmission deficient these animals. Our pharmacological epistasis experiments indicate functional relationship between APPL, but does not regulate appl expression NMJ. Instead, likely influences localization possibly by promoting rab11 transcription. These data identify potential mechanistic connection remodeling proteins

Language: Английский

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Nuclear lipid droplets: a novel regulator of nuclear homeostasis and ageing

Aging, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(22), P. 13436 - 13441

Published: Dec. 9, 2024

Aging is a fundamental driver of numerous life-threatening diseases, significantly compromising cellular structures and functions, including the integrity nucleus. A consistent feature aging across diverse species progressive accumulation lipid droplets (nLDs) within nuclear compartment, which disrupts architecture functionality. Notably, accompanied by marked increase in nLD at envelope. Interventions known to extend lifespan, such as caloric restriction reduced insulin signaling, reduce both rate size nLDs. The triglyceride lipase ATGL-1, localizes envelope, plays critical role limiting buildup maintaining balance, especially long-lived mutant worms. These findings establish excessive deposition key hallmark aging, with profound implications for processes chromatin organization, DNA repair, gene regulation. In addition, ATGL-1 emerges promising therapeutic target preserving health, extending organismal healthspan, combating age-related disorders driven dysregulation.

Language: Английский

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Age-associated changes in transcriptional elongation and their effects on homeostasis

Trends in Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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