Toward a functional future for the cognitive neuroscience of human aging

Neuron, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 113(1), P. 154 - 183

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Brain compensatory activation during Stroop task in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

This study investigated the disparities in brain activation patterns during Stroop task among individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and those without any impairments (healthy controls, HCs) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). We analyzed cortical of 73 patients MCI 63 HC as they completed task, employing fNIRS. The regions interest (ROIs) included dorsal prefrontal cortex (dPFC), ventrolateral (VLPFC), parietal lobe (PL). is divided into early stage (0-15 s) late (15-30 s). also measured participants' behavior variations intensity at different experiment stages, performed correlation analysis between Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores, performance, oxygenation levels. Our revealed that demonstrated elevated dPFC, VLPFC, PL areas while performing (q < 0.05, FDR-corrected). group displayed longer response latencies compared to demonstrating comparable accuracy performance across both congruent incongruent trials. showed compensatory Correlational a negative association MoCA scores levels (p 0.05). However, no was found behavioral performance. Mild effective compensation for their partial level by engaging prefrontal, task.

Language: Английский

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Age and cognitive skills: Use it or lose it

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(10)

Published: March 5, 2025

Cross-sectional age-skill profiles suggest that cognitive skills start declining by age 30 if not earlier. If accurate, such age-driven skill losses pose a major threat to the human capital of societies with rapidly aging populations. We estimate actual from individual changes in literacy and numeracy at different ages. use unique German longitudinal component Programme International Assessment Adult Competencies (PIAAC-L) retested large representative sample adults after 3.5 years. Our empirical approach separates cohort effects corrects for measurement error reversion mean. Two main results emerge. First, average increase strongly into forties before decreasing slightly more numeracy. Second, decline older ages only those below-average usage. White-collar higher-educated workers above-average usage show increasing even beyond their forties. Women have larger age, particularly

Language: Английский

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The relationship between resting‐state amplitude fluctuations and memory‐related deactivations of the default mode network in young and older adults

Human Brain Mapping, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 44(9), P. 3586 - 3609

Published: April 13, 2023

Abstract The default mode network (DMN) typically exhibits deactivations during demanding tasks compared to periods of relative rest. In functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies episodic memory encoding, increased activity in DMN regions even predicts later forgetting young healthy adults. This association is attenuated older adults and, some instances, remembering rather than forgetting. It yet unclear whether this phenomenon due a compensatory mechanism, such as self‐referential or schema‐dependent it reflects overall reduced modulation age. We approached question by systematically comparing successful encoding and tonic, task‐independent, at rest sample 106 (18–35 years) 111 (60–80 participants. Using voxel‐wise multimodal analyses, we assessed the age‐dependent relationship between resting‐state amplitude (mean percent fluctuation, mPerAF) fMRI signals related well their age‐related hippocampal volume loss, while controlling for regional grey matter volume. Older showed lower amplitudes task‐related deactivations. However, negative mPerAF subsequent effect within precuneus was observed only young, but not Hippocampal volumes no with mPerAF. Lastly, higher tend show performance, pointing towards importance maintained ability modulate old

Language: Английский

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Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Frailty and Metabolic Syndromes—Two Sides of the Same Coin

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 475 - 475

Published: March 26, 2023

In developed countries, aging is often seen as typical, but it made complicated by many disorders and co-morbidities. Insulin resistance seems to be an underlying pathomechanism in frailty metabolic syndromes. The decline insulin sensitivity leads changes the oxidant–antioxidant balance accelerated inflammatory response, especially adipocytes macrophages adipose tissue, well muscle mass density. Thus, pathophysiology of syndemic disorders—the syndrome syndrome—an extremely important role may played increased oxidative stress pro-inflammatory state. Papers included this review explored available full texts reference lists relevant studies from last 20 years, before end 2022; we also investigated PubMed Google Scholar electronic databases. online resources describing elderly population (≥65 years old) published were searched for following terms: “oxidative and/or inflammation”, “frailty syndrome”. Then, all analyzed narratively described context inflammation markers which underlie pathomechanisms syndromes patients. So far, different pathways discussed show that a similar pathogenesis underlies development acceleration inflammation. argue syndemia represents two sides same coin.

Language: Английский

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Aging and Alzheimer’s disease have dissociable effects on local and regional medial temporal lobe connectivity

Brain Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(5)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Abstract Functional disruption of the medial temporal lobe-dependent networks is thought to underlie episodic memory deficits in aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Previous studies revealed that anterior lobe more vulnerable pathological neurodegenerative processes In contrast, cognitive structural imaging literature indicates posterior, as opposed anterior, vulnerability normal aging. However, extent which aging-related relate functional brain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we examined connectivity alterations its immediate neighbourhood—the Anterior-Temporal Posterior-Medial networks—in agers, individuals with preclinical disease patients Mild Cognitive Impairment or mild dementia due network perirhinal cortex, particular, observed an inverted ‘U-shaped’ relationship between stage. According our results, phase characterized by increased cortex other regions lobe, well one-hop neighbours system. This effect no longer present symptomatic Instead, displayed reduced hippocampal within hypoconnectivity For aging, results led three main conclusions: (i) intra-network both declines age; (ii) posterior segments become increasingly decoupled from each advancing (iii) subregions especially parahippocampal are age-associated loss function than their counterparts. Together, current highlight evolving dysfunction indicate different neurobiological mechanisms versus

Language: Английский

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Age-Related Characteristics of Resting-State Electroencephalographic Signals and the Corresponding Analytic Approaches: A Review

Bioengineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(5), P. 418 - 418

Published: April 24, 2024

The study of the effects aging on neural activity in human brain has attracted considerable attention neurophysiological, neuropsychiatric, and neurocognitive research, as it is directly linked to an understanding mechanisms underlying disruption structures functions that lead age-related pathological disorders. Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals recorded during resting-state conditions have been widely used because significant advantage non-invasive signal acquisition with higher temporal resolution. These advantages include capability a variety linear nonlinear analyses state-of-the-art machine-learning deep-learning techniques. Advances artificial intelligence (AI) can not only reveal but also enable assessment age reliably by means characteristics EEG signals. This paper reviews literature features, available analytic methods, large-scale databases, interpretations resulting findings, recent advances AI models.

Language: Английский

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Inefficient frontal and parietal brain activation during dual-task walking in a virtual environment in older adults

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 273, P. 120070 - 120070

Published: April 1, 2023

Walking while performing an additional cognitive task (dual-task walking; DT walking) is a common yet highly demanding behavior in daily life. Previous neuroimaging studies have shown that performance declines from single-task (ST) to conditions are accompanied by increased prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity. This increment particularly pronounced older adults and has been explained either compensation, dedifferentiation, or inefficient processing fronto-parietal circuits. However, there only limited evidence for the hypothesized activity changes measured under real-life such as walking. In this study, we therefore assessed brain PFC parietal lobe (PL), investigate whether higher activation during walking related neural inefficiency. Fifty-six healthy (69.11 ± 4.19 years, 30 female) completed three tasks (treadmill at 1 m/s, Stroop task, Serial 3′s task) ST (Walking + Stroop, 3′s), baseline standing task. Behavioral outcomes were step time variability (Walking), Balance Integration Score BIS (Stroop), number of correct calculations S3corr (Serial 3′s). Brain was using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) over ventrolateral dorsolateral (vlPFC, dlPFC) inferior superior PL (iPL, sPL). Neurophysiological outcome measures oxygenated (HbO2) deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR). Linear mixed models with follow-up estimated marginal means contrasts applied region-specific upregulations conditions. Furthermore, relationships DT-specific activations across all regions analyzed well relationship between behavioral DT. Data indicated expected upregulation DT-related more (particularly vlPFC) than regions. Activation increases positively correlated regions, predicted Results largely consistent both DTs (Stroop These findings likely suggest inefficiency dedifferentiation rather compensation adults. Findings implications interpreting promoting efficacy long-term interventions improve persons.

Language: Английский

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Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease Have Dissociable Effects on Medial Temporal Lobe Connectivity

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 19, 2023

ABSTRACT Functional disruption of the medial temporal lobe-dependent networks is thought to underlie episodic memory deficits in aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Previous studies revealed that anterior lobe more vulnerable pathological neurodegenerative processes In contrast, cognitive structural imaging literature indicates posterior, as opposed anterior, vulnerability normal aging. However, extent which aging-related relate functional brain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we examined connectivity alterations its immediate neighborhood – Anterior-Temporal Posterior-Medial agers, individuals with preclinical disease, patients Mild Cognitive Impairment or mild dementia due network perirhinal cortex, particular, observed an inverted ‘U-shaped’ relationship between stage. According our results, phase disease characterized by increased cortex other regions lobe, well one-hop neighbors system. This effect no longer present symptomatic Instead, displayed reduced hippocampal within hypoconnectivity For aging, results led three main conclusions: (1) intra-network both declines age; (2) posterior segments become increasingly decoupled from each advancing and, (3) subregions especially parahippocampal are age-associated loss function than their counterparts. Together, current highlight evolving dysfunction indicate different neurobiological mechanisms vs.

Language: Английский

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Reactivation and consolidation of memory traces during post‐encoding rest across the adult lifespan

Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Abstract Episodic memory is a critical cognitive function that enables the encoding, storage, and retrieval of new information. Memory consolidation, key stage episodic memory, stabilizes this newly encoded information into long‐lasting brain “storage.” Studies using fMRI to investigate post‐encoding awake rest holds promise shed light on early, immediate consolidation mechanisms. Here, we review studies during document common methods such as multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) functional connectivity, current state science in both healthy younger older adults. In young adults, reactivation stimuli‐specific neural patterns hippocampus its connectivity with cortical subcortical areas (e.g., visual‐temporal cortex, medial prefrontal, parietal cortex) correlate subsequent performance. Conversely, adults highlight importance large‐scale networks rest, particularly default mode network (DMN). Alterations between DMN task‐positive may help maintain memory. Furthermore, non‐invasive stimulation techniques can enhance these processes improve performance Notably, lack has investigated neurodegenerative disorders. This underscores understanding how evolve age partially explain age‐related declines be restored.

Language: Английский

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